Editorial for Special Issue: “Collaboration and MultiStakeholder Engagement in Landscape Governance and Management in Africa: Lessons from Practice“

A multitude of interconnected socio-economic and environmental impacts are emerging across Africa as a result of escalating anthropogenic drivers of global and local change [...]

Surface Nanostructuring during Selective Area Epitaxy of Heterostructures with InGaAs QWs in the Ultra-Wide Windows

Selective area epitaxy (SAE) is widely used in photonic integrated circuits, but there is little information on the use of this technique for the growth of heterostructures in ultra-wide windows. Samples of heterostructures with InGaAs quantum wells (QWs) on GaAs (100) substrates with a pattern of alternating stripes (100-μm-wide SiO2 mask/100-μm-wide window) were grown using metalorganic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD). It was found that due to a local change in the growth rate of InGaAs QW in the window, the photoluminescence (PL) spectra measured from the edge to the center of the window exhibited maximum blueshifts of 14 and 19 meV at temperatures of 80 K and 300 K, respectively. Using atomic force microscopy, we have demonstrated that the surface morphologies of structures grown using standard epitaxy or SAE under identical MOCVD growth conditions correspond to a step flow growth with a step height of ~1.5 ML or a step bunching growth mode, respectively. In the structures grown with the use of SAE, a strong variation in the surface morphology in an ultra-wide window from its center to the edge was revealed, which is explained by a change in the local misorientation of the layer due to a local change in the growth rate over the width of the window.

The many lives of the messy museum: Site, memory and voice

A number of North American artist project spaces established in 2003 activated alternatives to display and programming practices found in mainstream museums, giving voice to artists who did not fit existing durational, disciplinary and authorial parameters. One such site was Elsewhere in Greensboro, North Carolina, an artist residency and living museum set within a 1930s Depression-era thrift store. Here, an archival approach emerged from the mess of thrift store Americana that considered what an artist project space could be if nothing was sold, altered beyond repair or thrown away. Central to the artist organizing practices that emerged on-site are archival principles that enable empathetic connections to form in relation to object meanings, lost subjectivities and neighbourhood relationships. Elsewhere, as a site, offered a means for hidden voices to be heard and alternative archiving practices to be tested as a form of community memory, with their museological presentation indebted to the implications of mess and its endless reordering. This article builds on the idea of empathy as a capacity to be engendered in museum audiences by seeing it also as a structuring principle to invoke organizational difference at every turn. Such structural empathy became tellingly significant in 2020 as racial justice protests and the COVID-19 pandemic underscored the inequities of American life. For Elsewhere, the principles of practice that enabled them to become a platform for imagining and securing hyper-local change are bound to successive reformulations of both the site since 2003 and the resulting archive.

Visualization of Optical Uniformity Alloyed Single Crystals of Lithium Niobate

It was shown that laser conoscopy can visually detect even slight changes in the optical characteristics of a crystal when it is doped. It has been found that the defective structure of LiNbO3:Zn (4.5 mol. %), LiNbO3:Mg (3.0–5.5 mol.%) crystals associated with an uneven entry of an impurity leads to a local change in the elastic characteristics of the crystal and the appearance of mechanical stresses that distort the conoscopic patterns. This can be an abnormal optical biaxiality, which manifests itself in the form of a rupture and enlightenment of the "Maltese cross" in the center of the conoscopic crystal pattern, or local birefringent inclusions that are recorded as additional interference patterns against the background of the main conoscopic pattern, both in the center of the field of view and in its peripheral area.

Hidden From View

Community activism is concerned with various forms of community-based activity designed to improve the lives of disadvantaged, oppressed, and marginalized groups. It can take various forms, from actions within a locality designed to improve the quality of life of the residents (e.g., organizing clubs and events) to activities designed to access increased resources that may bring the community into conflict with outside agencies. Key to these developments is the role of individual community activists who are involved in organizing events and initiating various actions. The aim of this chapter is to explore the work of these community activists through their written accounts and to consider the role of narrative in providing an organizing frame for local change.

Bridging Systems to Implement HIV/STI Programming Within the Juvenile Justice System: Strengths and Challenges of a Local Change Team Approach

Justice-involved youth are at risk for HIV/STIs but do not access services. The complex challenges of improving the delivery of health-related services within juvenile justice (JJ) settings warrant exploration of strategies to close this service gap. This study describes the successes and challenges of utilizing a local change team (LCT) strategy comprising JJ and health agency staff to implement HIV/STI programming in JJ settings, across six counties in six states in the U.S. Five focus groups comprising n = 28 JJ and health agency staff who served as LCT members were conducted. Results demonstrated the structured nature of the collaborative process and strength of commitment among LCT members were necessary for successful implementation of HIV/STI programming. The use of LCTs comprising membership of JJ and (behavioral) health systems has broader applicability to other health and behavioral health issues faced by youth on probation that JJ staff may feel ill equipped to address.