Empowering Nurses to Meet Challenges and Lead Palliative Care for Achieving Triple Billion Targets

Objectives: Nurses provide care to patients in all contexts and at all stages of their lives. Their contributions are crucial to meeting global goals like Universal Health Coverage (UHC) and the Sustainable Developmental Goals (SDG) which present challenges and opportunity to improve nursing services including rehabilitation and palliative care. This study identifies challenges for empowering nurses to lead palliative care and achieve triple billion targets’. Determine reasons for challenges to empower nurses. Recommends strategies to overcome challenges in order to empower nurses to lead palliative care and achieve triple billion targets’. Materials and methods: Multiple brainstorming sessions were conducted through the Zoom platform among the three authors to ‘identify challenges for empowering nurses to lead palliative care and achieve triple billion targets’ and recommend strategies to overcome those challenges. Narrative literature review was conducted and experts’ opinions were elicited. Identified aspects were discussed in further brainstorming sessions. Result: Challenges and reasons for empowering nurses to lead palliative care and achieve triple billion targets’ were identified and strategies to overcome those challenges were recommended. Conclusion: Equitable, competent and compassionate palliative care is a primary tool to relieve serious health-related suffering. There is a pressing necessity to provide available, accessible, acceptable, quality, and cost-effective palliative nursing care. WHO proposed the triple billion targets to improve the health of billions where palliative care is an essential element that can be achieved only with proper identification of challenges and meticulous planning and implementation of strategies to overcome those challenges.

The Sustainable Use of Natural Resources in Rural Areas of Ukraine: The Governance Challenge

This article describes the evolution of the regulatory framework for sustainable development in Ukraine based on ratified international treaties and supports the formation of an appropriate legal framework and State policy. The formation of regulatory mechanisms for sustainable developmental goals in Ukraine are aimed at strengthening and ensuring the fair implementation of the citizen’ rights as guaranteed by the Constitution of Ukraine. It also relates to the property rights of the Ukrainian people to land, its bowels, atmospheric air, water and other natural resources within the territory, the natural resources of the continental shelf and the exclusive (marine) economic zone, if the rural areas exist in coastal zones. Since the local officials play a key role in implementing sustainable practices in forestry, fisheries, water management, agriculture and tourism, they can execute capacity building, address the needs of various sectors, promote locally produced sustainable produce, implement incentive schemes, and enforce the regulations and management practices. They can also promote and propagate the economic benefits from the conserved resources to rural constituencies. The local governments can also better manage and mitigate the disasters through maintaining and restoring the ecosystems.

Determinants of Tourism Product Development in Southeast Ethiopia: Marketing Perspectives

Tourism has been given much attention in developing countries like Ethiopia. In this regard, tourism product development played a great role in achieving sustainable developmental goals. The study aims to examine the determinants of tourism product development in southeast Ethiopia. The research employed a mixed research approach, and descriptive and explanatory research design was used. Both secondary and primary data sources were in place to obtain the relevant data. A total of 398 samples were employed to collect the data. A convenience sampling technique was employed to select domestic tourists and walk-in guests and purposive sampling was applied to select marketing managers of hotels, lodges, boat associations, park administration, resorts, restaurants, nightclubs, and guest houses. The qualitative data was analyzed through thematic analysis and the quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics by computing SPSS. The study revealed that tourism product development is affected by marketing mixes of which promotion was the major factor of tourism product development and price was the only tool inversely related to tourism product development. The brand image also positively determined tourism product development. The results showed that the exercise of tourism product development strategies among tourism businesses was low. The main implication drawn from the study is that the tourism businesses have to develop new customer profiles or segmenting in customers in their specified characteristics like gender, level of income, and age. Furthermore, the need to invest in research and development of the current market to develop new tourism products is of great importance.

Engendering access to justice for development in Sub-Saharan Africa: a study of policy, programming and implementation

Building on the book "Gender, poverty and access to justice: policy implementation in Sub-Saharan Africa" (Lawson, Dubin and Mwambene (eds) (2020), this special volume of essays is the result of the Conference in Cape Town (October 2019), whose main objective was to investigate the intersection of gendered access to justice, poverty and disempowerment across Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and provide field-based research and discussions on what does and does not work to improve justice for women and girls in the region. Authors' contributions are designed to be practice and action oriented, drawing on lessons and experiences from programmes and policies that work, and show real potential for their sustainable scalability. In this regard, the essays in this volume reflect a broad spectrum of multi-disciplinary contributions, including from policy makers and development practitioners, as well as representatives from local and international civil society organizations, the private sector, academe and the general public. These contributions are structured around the following five key areas: Integrating Justice Programming into the Sustainable Developmental Goals (SDGs); Informal Institutions, Rights and Laws in Sub- Saharan Africa; Women, Children and Access to Justice for Sustainable Development; Policies and Practices for Engendering Justice and Empowerment for Poverty Reduction; and Gender, and Poverty and Justice Policies in SSA: Lessons from the Field? The central objective of all the contributions, however, is to profile recent developments and experiences in furthering gendered access to justice in the SSA context, and to distil from them future trends for SSA's access to justice, and the specific role stakeholders can play therein.

The Availability of Improved Sanitation Facilities and Its Associated Factors in the 12th District of Kandahar City, Afghanistan

Background. The majority of people practicing open defecation and utilizing unhealthy sanitation facilities are in the developing world. The utilization of unimproved sanitation facilities remains the primary risk factor for many diseases, including nutritional diseases, diarrheal diseases, typhoid, cholera, and dysentery, particularly among children. Objectives. This study was carried out to assess the availability of improved sanitation facilities and factors associated with it in the 12th district of Kandahar city, Kandahar Province, Afghanistan. Methods. The study is a cross-sectional survey, conducted between September and October 2019. A structured questionnaire was used to gather self-reported information of the respondents, including sociodemographic information, household characteristics, and behavioral and environmental characteristics of the available sanitation facilities. Factors associated with the availability of the improved sanitation facility were determined using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results. In this study, the availability of improved sanitation facilities was 85.7% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 77.6%–92.1%). It was significantly influenced by living in a private house (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.99 (95% CI; 1.43–6.26)); inside location of latrine (AOR = 14.31 (95% CI; 3.59–56.99)); individual household latrine (AOR = 2.03 (1.04–3.95)); and the number of latrines in the household (AOR = 5.04 (2.45–10.35)). Conclusion. The availability of improved sanitation facilities was higher compared to the national level in the study area. This study provides significant evidence on approaches in line with the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint Monitoring Program and Sustainable Developmental Goals (SDGs) for enhancing the availability of improved sanitation facilities in Kandahar city.

The undergraduate dissertation as a reflection of education for sustainability and professional identity: the faculty of education of Bilbao

Purpose The undergraduate dissertation (UD) can be considered to be a reflection of the influence of the sustainable developmental goals (SDG) and the professional identity of the students. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the extent to which the topics of the UD reflect the SDG, considering, moreover, that they may be related to the professional identity developed by the students throughout the degree. Design/methodology/approach This work researches the topic of 308 UDs graded as “Excellent” in the Faculty of Education of Bilbao (FEB), using a lexical analysis method. Findings The results show two main branches: one associated with Childhood and Social Education Degrees (related to gender equality and socio-educational transformation); and another linked to the Primary Education Degree (language learning, innovation and new technologies). These analyses show the influence of the 5th (40.8%) and 4th (38.4%) SDGs in the topics chosen for the UDs. Research limitations/implications The findings provide valuable insights into the current state of Education for Sustainable Development in the Faculty, but should be complemented with an analysis of the topics of all the UDs, to have a more real vision of the situation. Originality/value This study analyses, for the first time, the topics of the UDs from the perspective of sustainability, taking into account the dissertations that reach a standard of excellence in the FEB. These results provide relevant information that can be very helpful to detect the specific needs for the design and implementation of an awareness-raising action that will lead to working on sustainability in a transversal way in the education degrees of the FEB.

CLIMATE CHANGE ACTIONS: CRITICAL FACTORS TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS Authors

Climate change has been deemed the biggest global health threat of the 21st century. Multiple factors contribute to this global phenomenon including anthropogenic causes. This review is to explore causes of climate change and recognise the impacts on population health as well as to look at strategies to mitigate climate change. This narrative review included articles searched through databases of SCOPUS, PubMed and PROQUEST from the year 2006 to 2018. Climate change is mainly due to man-made activities such as fossil fuels combustion, livestock farming and deforestation. The public health effects include increased vector-borne diseases, heat-related illnesses and respiratory illnesses. Strategies such as strengthening the adaptations to climate-related hazards, climate change integration into national policies, education, awareness-raising, impact reduction and early warnings have been put in place to tackle this crisis. The climate change agenda has been given an important platform as it is the 13th goal of the 17 United Nations Sustainable developmental goals (SDG). In conclusion, climate change has been going on for decades and is threatening the earth. Multi sectoral collaboration and working together towards a common goal is crucial as the wellbeing of our planet is our collective responsibility.

A review of social determinants of health for dashboard development for SDG 3.4 for sub-Sahara Africa

Background All sustainable developmental goals (SDGs) require implementing sustainable strategies and monitoring to track progress. But what is known of sub-Sahara Africa (SSA)'s efforts in following this stride to reduce by 30% mortality from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) through prevention (SDG 3.4), by considering the effect of social determinants of health (SODHs) on type 2 diabetes increasing prevalence? Methods Our search produced 2005 unique articles. Only 10 studies were used in the analysis of this study. These studies include 1 from Botswana, 2 from Ghana, 2 from Kenya, 3 from Nigeria and 2 from South Africa. The findings were evaluated in a greater extent. Results All studies (100%) showed non-adherence to exercise and poor glycemic control. 7 studies (70%) on education revealed lack of knowledge or misconceptions, 5 studies (50%) with obesity showed a strong linkage between obesity and type 2 diabetes, and 4 studies (40%) on diet, showed diets high in carbohydrates, saturated fats, and sodium predisposition to type 2 diabetes. All studies (100%) linked urbanization with an increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Conclusions Changes in SODHs seem to be contributing to the growing prevalence of diabetes in SSA. These changes with other key data should be considered and tailored to policy processes, environment, infrastructures, and norms for prevention strategies and informing dashboard development for SDG 3.4. Key messages Social determinants of health must reflect in relevant causal pathways, settings, and sectors for preventive intervention such as in taxation; regulation of food advertising, school, and healthcare. Analysis of the effect of the changing social determinants of health on type 2 diabetes, will assist in establishing indicators for the dashboard development for SDG 3.4 for sub-Sahara Africa.