Practice of applying international principles in private law relations

National and international courts are increasingly turning to generally recognised international legal principles to regulate private law relations. This is necessitated, in particular, by the fact that the issues and disputes that modern participants in private law relations address to the courts are becoming more widespread. Thus, the practice of international justice and justice in Ukraine demonstrates that such international principles as the principle of justice, equality, non-discrimination, evolutionary interpretation, proportionality, legal certainty, and the rule of law are increasingly used in dispute resolution. This study investigated the application of international principles in private law relations. Based on the general legal research methods, the nature of international legal principles was analysed, the study considered their application in the above-mentioned Ukrainian court cases to the European Court of Human Rights, as well as the Constitutional and Anti-Corruption Courts of Ukraine. The study investigated the judicial practice of the European Court of Human Rights, whose decisions raise the issue of violation of rights and fundamental freedoms stipulated in the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and non-compliance with basic international legal principles, as well as highlighted the main trends of these disputes. Based on the results of the analysis, the study identified an insufficient level of the content specification regarding the principle of the rule of law and its features in the current legislation of Ukraine, which must be properly observed by both state authorities and citizens of Ukraine. Based on the conducted research, the authors formulated their scientific positions and conclusions aimed at improving the system of principles of private law relations

CONTENT SPECIFICATION OF THE CONCEPT "SPORTS AND LEISURE COMPLEX" FOR RESEARCHING URBAN ENVIRONMENT DEVELOPMENT

Background: The expediency of the study lies in the need of the society to address the issue of improving the level of physical activity and health of the Ukrainians. To do this, it is necessary to rely on scientifically grounded ideas about the essence of sports and leisure complexes that meet the needs of the population. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to specify the meaning of the concept of "sports and leisure complex". Methods: To achieve the goal of the study, the following tasks are consistently solved: analysis of scientific works that cover various aspects of the formation and development of sports and leisure objects; exposure of the essence of the life processes that are localized in the structure of the studied objects; analysis of the conceptual and terminological apparatus used in the research of modern sports and leisure activities in related scientific domains; specification of the concept of "sports and leisure complex" in the architectural and town-planning sphere. Results: Analysis of the scientific literature and practical experience on the research topic proves that current trends in the society and sports development, as well as prospects for convergence of amateur and professional approach to sport necessitate the development of new approaches to architectural and urban organization of sports and leisure complexes. Conclusions: Sports and leisure complex is a special material and spatial formation of the urban environment, which meets the needs of citizens in realization of the creative potential and self-actualization of a person at leisure in the form of physical loading as well as recovery of physical, spiritual and intellectual, energy, psycho-emotional resources. Different forms of functional and spatial organization of sports and leisure complexes are determined by the dominant type of physical activity, the needs of users, town-planning conditions, the author's idea. These objects provide not only sports and recreation activities, but also informal social communication, which contributes to strengthening of urban communities.

Endogenous Eye Blinking Rate to Support Human–Automation Interaction for E-Learning Multimedia Content Specification

As intelligent systems demand for human–automation interaction increases, the need for learners’ cognitive traits adaptation in adaptive educational hypermedia systems (AEHS) has dramatically increased. AEHS utilize learners’ cognitive processes to attain fair human–automation interaction for their adaptive processes. However, obtaining accurate cognitive trait for the AEHS adaptation process has been a challenge due to the fact that it is difficult to determine what extent such traits can comprehend system functionalities. Hence, this study has explored correlation among learners’ pupil size dilation, learners’ reading time and endogenous blinking rate when using AEHS so as to enable cognitive load estimation in support of AEHS adaptive process. An eye-tracking sensor was used and the study found correlation among learners’ pupil size dilation, reading time and learners’ endogenous blinking rate. Thus, the results show that endogenous blinking rate, pupil size and reading time are not only AEHS reliable parameters for cognitive load measurement but can also support human–automation interaction at large.

COVID-19 era healthcare ethics education: Cultivating educational and moral resilience

The COVID-19 pandemic crisis has had profound effects on global health, healthcare, and public health policy. It has also impacted education. Within undergraduate healthcare education of doctors, nurses, and allied professions, rapid shifts to distance learning and pedagogic content creation within new realities, demands of healthcare practice settings, shortened curricula, and/or earlier graduation have also challenged ethics teaching in terms of curriculum allotments or content specification. We propose expanding the notion of resilience to the field of ethics education under the conditions of remote learning. Educational resilience starts in the virtual classroom of ethics teaching, initially constituted as an “unpurposed space” of exchange about the pandemic’s challenging impact on students and educators. This continuously transforms into “purposed space” of reflection, discovering ethics as a repertory of orientative knowledge for addressing the pandemic’s challenges on personal, professional, societal, and global levels and for discovering (and then addressing) that the health of individuals and populations also has moral determinants. As such, an educational resilience framework with inherent adaptability rises to the challenge of supporting the moral agency of students acting both as professionals and as global citizens. Educational resilience is key in supporting and sustaining professional identify formation and facilitating the development of students’ moral resilience and leadership amid moral complexity and potential moral transgression—not only but especially in times of pandemic.

Deconstructing bond of signifier & signified: a corpus-based study of variation in meaning

The study aimed at investigating a bond between the signifier and signified to explore and develop an in-depth understanding of meanings’ variation, by setting qualitative paradigm, textual examples were marked from text corpora and linguistic signifiers, believed to be representing the text were serialized using judgmental sampling. The key informant happened to be a text (The Reluctant Fundamentalist) taken as a unit of study, with the approach of Derrida’s deconstruction, signifiers were decoded and then qualitatively analyzed in terms of binary oppositions to mark variation in meaning. It resulted that words were not intrinsically meaningful but just types of sound or mark being meaningless in itself and they gave meaning by playing a role in something we did with them. The outcome of the whole endeavor was a play of meaning continued endlessly in connection with signifier and signified from one context to another. Stable meaning appeared to be a hopelessly unsuitable task in a text and with the contextual shift, it stood unnaturalized. The usefulness of analyzing text was adequate preparation for teaching turning contents into skill-oriented tasks and the process of meanings’ variation between signifier and signified widened the scope of developing Content Specification Charts concerning learners’ needs.

Quick Facts

This chapter is intended for readers to quickly review topics within each content specification to consolidate information and refresh high-yield pearls in the days before taking the General Pediatric board certification exam. The exam often tests knowledge of common associations, and this chapter is meant to reinforce these frequently-tested associations. The information included in this section is mostly meant as a review of the preceding chapters, but may also be used as a stand-alone study tool. It includes memory aids and mnemonics to maximize retention.

Dehydration Simulation of Natural Gas by using Tri Ethylene Glycol

Water content in natural gas poses threat to process facilities such as column distillation. Natural gas from reservoirs usually contains water vapor, the presence of water vapor in gas processing causes bad impact to process facilities. Dry Gas composition data was taken from Salamander Energy. Optimization of natural gas dehydration using Tri Ethylene Glycol was carried out using Aspen HYSYS V8.6 with Peng-Robinson fluid package. The natural gas dehydrating plant was designed with operating conditions of 394 bar and 460C and 10 MMSCFD and 6.8 MMSCFD gas flow rate were inputted. Results obtained from HYSYS simulation shows. Three different TEG flowrates were used for this simulation. Results obtained from simulation that . For the purpose of running the plant economically, the minimum flow rate of TEG which will reduce the water content to within the limit of pipeline specification, is very important and the result obtained showed that a minimum of 3 m3/h of TEG is required to reduce the water content of a gas stream of 10MMSCFD to 6.8lb/MMSCFD, which is within the limit of 6-7lb/MMSCFD, this value when compare to gas plant which uses 15m3/h for the gas stream of 10MMSCFD to achieve the same water content specification is far lower. Values below this flow rate (3.5m3/h) may not reduce the water content to the specified limit.