scholarly journals Rapid Loss of Dissolved CO2 From a Subtropical Steep Headwater Stream

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Ngai Chan ◽  
Cheuk Lam Tsang ◽  
Frederick Lee ◽  
Boyi Liu ◽  
Lishan Ran
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Headwater Streams ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Narrow Channel ◽  
Headwater Stream ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Water Surface Area ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
C Cycle ◽  
Groundwater Source

High-gradient headwater streams are major participants in the carbon (C) cycle because of their capabilities of emitting a significant amount of carbon dioxide (CO2). Notwithstanding, their CO2 emissions have been largely overlooked in previous studies owing to their small water surface area and are sometimes strenuous to be measured because of their narrow channel widths and strong turbulence. This study examined the spatial and seasonal variabilities of CO2 dynamics of a subtropical steep headwater stream fed by groundwater. Our study found that the pH and dissolved oxygen exhibited a general increasing trend away from the source of the headwater whereas the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) showed a downward trend. The stream water pCO2 in the upper reach was found to be higher than the ambient level by 19–114 times, with an average drop of >70% at just 9.2 m from the groundwater source, demonstrating the potentially large emission of CO2 into the atmosphere within this short distance. Additionally, the sampling works conducted further downstream revealed that the CO2 derived from groundwater could almost completely dissipate within approximately half a kilometer downstream of the source. The concentrations of dissolved organic carbon and pCO2 were also lower during the period with lower air temperatures in the headwater stream, indicating temperature-dependent metabolism and decomposition of organic matter in soil might modulate the C dynamics in the headwater stream, although the rapid gas exchange along the stream remained the determinative factor. Our findings reassert that headwater streams are an essential source of CO2 and disregarding them from the studies of greenhouse gas emissions of inland waters would underestimate their potency to influence the global C cycle.

scholarly journals Partitioning Inorganic Carbon Fluxes from Paired O2 - CO2 Gas Measurements in a Neotropical Headwater Stream, Costa Rica

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas S. Marzolf ◽  
Gaston E. Small ◽  
Diana Oviedo-Vargas ◽  
Carissa N. Ganong ◽  
John H. Duff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Headwater Streams ◽  
Headwater Stream ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Stream Metabolism ◽  
Temperate Streams ◽  
C Cycle ◽  
Terrestrial Inputs ◽  
Gas Measurements ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract The role of rivers and streams in the global carbon (C) cycle remains unconstrained, especially in headwater streams where CO2 evasion (FCO2) to the atmosphere is high. Stream C cycling is understudied in the tropics compared to temperate streams, and tropical streams may have among the highest FCO2 due to higher temperatures, continuous organic matter inputs, and high respiration rates both in-stream and in surrounding soils. In this paper, we present paired in-stream O2 and CO2 sensor data from a headwater stream in a lowland rainforest in Costa Rica to explore temporal variability in ecosystem processes. Further, we estimate groundwater CO2 inputs (GWCO2) from riparian well CO2 measurements and assess all fluxes to examine the relative contributions of sinks and sources of dissolved inorganic C (DIC) to a headwater stream. Paired O2 - CO2 data reveal stream CO2 supersaturation driven by groundwater CO2 inputs and large in-stream production of CO2. Areal fluxes in our study reach show FCO2 is supported by both GWCO2 inputs and in-stream metabolism and the seasonality in GWCO2 reflects the hydrology of the site. Using a mass balance approach, we show FCO2 is the dominant loss of DIC from the stream, greater than dissolved exports, and is sustained by both internal production of DIC and terrestrial inputs of DIC. Our results underscore the importance of tropical headwater streams as large contributors of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere among inland waters and show of this C derives from both in-stream and terrestrial sources.

Carbon Storage and Carbon Dioxide Sequestration of Banana Plants at Different Growth Stages

2014 ◽  
Vol 1010-1012 ◽  
pp. 662-665
Author(s):  
Mu Qiu Zhao ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
Yun Feng Shi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Hainan Island ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
C Storage ◽  
C Cycle ◽  
Fruit Growing ◽  
Storage Structures ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Large annual herbaceous plants such as banana (Musa spp.) have a very impressive carbon (C) storage and carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration in agroecosystems, and play a certain role in global C cycle, climate regulation and reducing global warming. In this paper, we systematically studied C storage on the different growth stages, CO2sequestration and distribution, and mathematical models for predicting CO2sequestration by bananas which were planted in western Hainan island, China. The results showed that C content of dry matter in different structures of banana plants was 45-50% in line with the current results, and in fruit reached the highest, in stems and roots followed, while that in leaves were the lowest. C storage in different structures of banana plants increased exponentially during banana growing process (vegetative growth and bud stage), stems were the major storage structures of C, and roots and leaves also had considerable C storage. C fixed by banana plants was mainly distributed in fruit at fruit growing stage. CO2sequestration was 16.3, 41.1 and 80.0t/ha at vegetative growth, bud and fruit maturity stage separately, and power function model can be applied with stem diameter (D) or composite parameter (D2H) as independent variables to predict.

scholarly journals Groundwater data improve modelling of headwater stream CO<sub>2</sub> outgassing with a stable DIC isotope approach

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Marx ◽  
Marcus Conrad ◽  
Vadym Aizinger ◽  
Alexander Prechtel ◽  
Robert van Geldern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Headwater Stream ◽  
Integral Approach ◽  
Gas Transfer ◽  
Transfer Velocity ◽  
Outgassing Rate ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Abstract. A large portion of terrestrially-derived carbon outgasses as carbon dioxide (CO2) from streams and rivers to the atmosphere. Particularly, the amount of CO2 outgassing from small headwater streams was indicated as highly uncertain. Conservative estimates suggest that they contribute 36 % (i.e., 0.93 petagrams C yr−1) of total CO2 outgassing from all rivers and streams worldwide. In this study, stream pCO2, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and δ13CDIC data were used to determine CO2 outgassing from an acidic headwater stream in the Uhlirska catchment (Czech Republic). This stream drains a catchment with silicate bedrock. The applied stable isotope model is based on the principle, that the 13C / 12C ratio of its sources and the intensity of CO2 outgassing control the isotope ratio of DIC in stream water. It avoids the use of the gas transfer velocity parameter (k) that is highly variable and mostly difficult to constrain. Model results indicate that CO2 outgassing contributed 80 % to the annual stream inorganic carbon loss in the Uhlirska catchment. This translated to a CO2 outgassing rate from the stream of 5.2 t C yr−1 and to 2.9 g C m−2 yr−1, when normalised to the catchment area. Large temporal variations with maximum values during spring snowmelt and summer emphasise the need for investigations at higher temporal resolution. We improved the model uncertainty by incorporating groundwater data to better constrain the isotope compositions of initial DIC. Due to the large global abundance of acidic, humic-rich headwaters, we underline the importance of this integral approach for global applications.

scholarly journals The Hardness of Ice and Aerial Erosion

1947 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-33
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Igneous Rocks ◽  
Solid Carbon ◽  
Solid Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Rock Dust

Many authorities have demonstrated that the hardness of ice varies inversely as the temperature, which is, of course, to be expected by analogy with metals. Recently Dr. E. Blackwelder1 caused some experiments to he made at a temperature of −78.5° C., the temperature of solid carbon dioxide. At this temperature the hardness of ice was found to be approximately 6, or that of orthoclase felspar. Hitherto it had been assumed that aerial corrosion of rocks close to glaciers and snow-fields was in the main due to rock dust. It now seems likely that when air temperatures fall very low, as for instance during blizzards, ice fragments or snow could abrade certain limestones and shales and even some igneous rocks. Ice and snow may therefore play a more important part in aerial erosion than had been suspected.

scholarly journals Variability of dissolved CO<sub>2</sub> in the Pang and Lambourn Chalk rivers

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 328-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Griffiths ◽  
J. Nutter ◽  
A. Binley ◽  
N. Crook ◽  
A. Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Dissolved Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Borehole Water ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Abstract. This paper presents the results of a two-year field campaign to determine the spatial and temporal variability of groundwater interaction with surface waters in two Cretaceous Chalk catchments (the Pang and Lambourn) in the Upper Thames in Berkshire, UK, based on measurement of dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2). Average stream water concentrations of dissolved CO2 were up to 35 times the concentration at atmospheric equilibrium. Mean groundwater concentrations of 85 and 70 times the atmospheric equilibrium were determined from borehole water sampled in the Pang and Lambourn respectively. Diurnal and seasonal variation of in-stream concentration of dissolved CO2 is not significant enough to mask the signal from groundwater inputs.

scholarly journals The Hardness of Ice and Aerial Erosion

1947 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 33
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Igneous Rocks ◽  
Solid Carbon ◽  
Solid Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Rock Dust

Many authorities have demonstrated that the hardness of ice varies inversely as the temperature, which is, of course, to be expected by analogy with metals. Recently Dr. E. Blackwelder 1 caused some experiments to he made at a temperature of −78.5° C., the temperature of solid carbon dioxide. At this temperature the hardness of ice was found to be approximately 6, or that of orthoclase felspar. Hitherto it had been assumed that aerial corrosion of rocks close to glaciers and snow-fields was in the main due to rock dust. It now seems likely that when air temperatures fall very low, as for instance during blizzards, ice fragments or snow could abrade certain limestones and shales and even some igneous rocks. Ice and snow may therefore play a more important part in aerial erosion than had been suspected.

scholarly journals The Influence of Hyporheic Exchange on Water Temperatures in a Headwater Stream

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1615
Author(s):  
Christopher Surfleet ◽  
Justin Louen
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Heat Budget ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Headwater Stream ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Hyporheic Exchange ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Net Radiation ◽  
Heat Transfers

A headwater stream in coastal California was used to evaluate the temperature response of effective shade reduction. Spatial distribution of stream water temperatures for summer low-flow conditions (<0.006 m3 s−1) were highly correlated with net radiation and advective heat transfers from hyporheic exchange and subsequent streambed conduction. Using a heat budget model, mean maximum stream water temperatures were predicted to increase by 1.7 to 2.2 °C for 50% and 0% effective shade scenarios, respectively, at the downstream end of a 300 m treatment reach. Effects on mean maximum stream water temperature changes, as water flowed downstream through a 500 m shaded reach below the treatment reach, were reduced by 52 to 30% from the expected maximum temperature increases under the 50% and 0% effective shade scenarios, respectively. Maximum stream water temperature change predicted by net radiation heating alone was greater than measured and heat-budget-estimated temperatures. When the influence of hyporheic water exchange was combined with net radiation predictions, predicted temperatures were similar to measured and heat-budget-predicted temperatures. Results indicate that advective heat transfers associated with hyporheic exchange can promote downstream cooling following stream water temperature increases from shade reduction in a headwater stream with cascade, step-pool, and large woody debris forced-pool morphology.

scholarly journals Amino acid-mediated impacts of elevated carbon dioxide and simulated root herbivory on aphids are neutralized by increased air temperatures

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 613-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. W. Ryalls ◽  
Ben D. Moore ◽  
Markus Riegler ◽  
Andrew N. Gherlenda ◽  
Scott N. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Elevated Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Root Herbivory ◽  
Air Temperatures

Engineering Simulation on Forest Carbon Balance under Different Tree Configuration Mode

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 2324-2327
Author(s):  
Yue Feng Guo ◽  
Li Zhi Wu ◽  
Yun Feng Yao ◽  
Fu Cang Qin ◽  
Wei Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Forest Carbon ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Industrial Systems ◽  
The North ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
C Cycle ◽  
Tightly Coupled ◽  
Plant Configuration

From a greenhouse gas policy standpoint, forests play an extremely important role in the exchange of carbon dioxide between the land and atmosphere. Because forest management has a potentially large effect on the entire forest carbon (C) cycle, and the biological and industrial systems are tightly coupled in the North region of China, simulation of varying management and forest product production scenarios are needed to explore trade-offs of managing forests for multiple objectives. Thus, an important consideration in management of forests is their present and future capacity to sequester C from the atmosphere. In this paper, C balance of the biological system was simulated under different management scenarios that were designed to test effects of plant configuration.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document