Effect of Activity-Based Games on Students' Academic Achievement in Social Sciences

The purpose of the research was to investigatethe effect of activity-based games on the academic achievement of graduate-level pupils in social sciences.An experimental research design with a pre-and post-test control group was used in this study. As pre-test and post-test, MCQ achievement tests containing 70 items were used as research methods for data collecting. The initial stage in this initiative was to collect data on what inspires children to learn. Both groups took a pre-test, and the results were tallied.The project's second phase was to study the effects of variousactivities on academic achievement. Both groups were given an MCQ performance test. The T-test was used to analyze the data. The findings of this study demonstrated that, compared to the control group, mostpupils'marks improved in the experimental group. The mean value showedthat experimental group participants scored 18.77on the post-test, while control group students scored 16.21. According to a post-lesson poll, most students regarded activity-based games to be more engaging than lecture-based instruction.

Dynamics of Pakhtun Social Structure: Implications for Economic Development

Every region and people has peculiar economic characteristics and these features largely have roots in that region‟s social structure, social psychology and its dynamics. The capitalist economy of the United States has roots in individualismand Protestant Work Ethic, influenced both by Protestant religion and the social character of the Americans; the Client Economy of Saudi Arabia has deep linkages to its tribal social structure and the so-called Bazaar Economy of Afghanistan is profoundly embedded in the Pakhtun social structure of the country. The Pakhtuns of Pakistan have a peculiar social structure and social psychology thereof having profound and extensive influence on the region‟s economy particularly its largely underdevelopedcondition. The paper explores the characteristics of Pakhtun social structure and the interactive linkages between the social edifice and economic development or lack of it.

Khussa Ornamentation in Multān

Multān specializes in the making of traditional footwear called khussa. A khussa is a leather shoe usually embroidered on the upper side. The toe of the khussa is round. The design of the embroidery is traced by cut paper to be later embellished by craftsmen in factories and workshops or women in villages who can do embroidery on khussa. Khussas having filigree patterns have embroidery done with a metallic thread called ṫilla on specifically red, black, or skin-colored leather. The origin of shoes is difficult to be traced however it is evident that man invented shoes to protect himself from threats caused by natural elements i.e. weather, climate, and rough surfaces. The shoe has been a protector of human feet for centuries. This paper will explore the types and varieties of Khussa’s in Multan.

Effect of Teaching with Flipped Class-room Model: A Meta Analysis

The flipped classroom model has been used by a number of the teachersfor active learning and better understanding of the students. In this approach, the students learnthe video-based subject content prior to in-class session and participate in collaborative learning activities during the class.The class time is utilized for activities, games and discussion. This model is increasingly used for teaching and learning purpose in developed countries where technology is highly integrated in education. This article is meta-analysis of already conducted experimental studies to highlights the academic, social and emotional development of students during experiments. The reviewedarticles were searched on 4data bases and 12journal articles, based on experimentation.These articles contained a variety of the subjects taught to students from primary level to Higher education. The results suggested that students in flipped classroom were more active, engaged, motivated, and interactive and academically they were better performer.It is concluded that flipped classroom model increases academic achievement and improve social and emotional development of students. However there are some limitations of the flipped classroom model as students are not aware of self-learning/autonomous learning. Teachers need training for material selection, development, and presentation in videos. The review of qualitative researches would explore more benefits of flipped class rooms on learning, behavior, attitude and personality of the students.

A Proposed Effective Leadership Model for the Malaysian Higher Educational Institutions of Majlis Amanah Rakyat

Effective institutional leaderis the crucial player to the successful or failureof an educational institution. However, the expectation to own an effective leader often in vain. The reason is because leaders lack of a standard guideline that based on the local context.Therefore, this studyis to develop a proposed model of effective leadership for Malaysian higher educational institutions, in particular, higher educational institutions which are owned by Majlis Amanah Rakyat (MARA). To achieve the research purpose, the questionnaires instrument were distributed to 240 academic staff from the selected higher educational institutions of Majlis Amanah Rakyat (MARA)innorthern Perak, Malaysia. The data were analysed using a statistical method called Partial Least Square (PLS)to develop a proposed model of effective leadership.The effective leadership design model can provide guidelines and encourage leadersto enhance and bring positive change that helps educational institutions succeed and be effective.

Can an Educational Activity Program Based on Feuerstein’s Program and Gardner’s Theory Increase Excellence and Creativity in Math in Omani Students?

Excellence and creativity in mathematics are necessary requirements for the twenty-first century, and some countries have gone to build and develop new curricula for excellence and creativity. We prepared an activity program in mathematics based on Feuerstein's instrumental enrichment program and Gardner's multiple intelligences theory to increase excellence and creativity in mathematics for Omani students.We hypothesized that the success of previous programs based on the same foundations would generalize to Omani students. Inan experiment,the experimental group received a special training and the control group did not. We then checked whether the pretest-posttest gain was larger for the experimental group than for the control group. The study sample was comprised of an experimental group of n= 35 8th-grade girl students of class nr. 8/1 in Aesha bent Abu Bakr school in Salalah, Oman, and a control group of n= 36 of 8th-grade girl students of class nr. 8/3 in the same school.The differences in pretest-posttest gains were analyzed using t-tests, significance levels, correlations, and effect sizes.There were large and significant experimental effects in favor of the experimental group, showing these educational outcomes can be generalized to Oman.We note various limitations of the study and give various recommendations.

Problem Behaviors of Children from Multicultural and Mono-cultural Families in Korea: Differences in Behavior Evaluations between Parents and Teachers

In recent years, multicultural families are increasing in Korea. In such multicultural families, there may be language and interpersonal difficulties that affect the children. Given the possibility of real problems affecting academics and the potential for bias, the perceptions of parents and teachers is of vital importance. In this study, parents' and teachers’evaluations of problem behaviors of 405 elementary school students were collected on the Korean Child Behavior Checklist and the Korean Teacher's Report Form. Studies have shown that parents in multicultural families tend to rate their children's problems more seriously than in mono cultural families in the areas of Withdrawal/Depressed, Attention Problems, and Rule-Breaking Behaviors.Teachers rated boys from multicultural families as more problematic with Withdrawal/Depressed, Attention Problems, Rule-Breaking Behaviors, and overall scores than boys from monocultural families. Parents tended to take their child's problematic behaviors more seriously than teachers.In general, younger students were found to be more vulnerable to behavioral problems. This may indicate that an intervention is needed to help the children acculturate.

Social Skills as Predictors of Cognitive Failure, Attention Deficits and Psychological Maladjustment in School Children

Poor social skills are linked with presence of cognitive and attention difficulties as well as poor social functioning and presence of cognition disturbances. Present research aimed to explore poor social skills as predictors of cognitive failure, attention deficits and psychological maladjustment in school children. Sampleincluded 200 students (100 girls & 100 boys) of class 4 & 5 with the meanage= 10.12(SD= 1.37).Social Skills Rating System, The Cognitive Failure Questionnaire, Attention Deficits Questionnaire (child version) and Personality Assessment Questionnaire were used to assess social skills, cognitive failure, attention deficits and psychological adjustment respectively.Results revealed significant inverse correlation of different social skills i.e., assertion, empathy, cooperation and self-control with cognitive failure, attention deficits and psychological maladjustment (p<0.01) Whereas cognitive failure, attention deficits had positive correlation with psychological maladjustment (p<0.01). Hierarchical regression analyses showed social skills deficits emerged as significant predictors of cognitive failures, attention deficits and psychological maladjustment in school children.

Rehabilitation of Inmate Young Offenders and the Education system:Offenders’ Perspective in South Africa

Unemployment, lack of education and few opportunities are, but few of the factors that lead to young people in South Africa and elsewhere turning to crime. These young people face the law after being caught and they get incarcerated inthe correctional service centres. It seems that many of educational programmes aimed at rehabilitating young inmate offenders seem not being effective as some of these young inmate offenders become hardened criminals through institutionalization in correctional service centres. This paper thus, explored the views of inmate young offenders of the benefits of educational programmesthey derived while incarcerated in South Africa. The young inmate offenders‟ age ranged from 17 years to 27years, 5 females and8 males. A qualitative phenomenological research method was used with a sample of 6 inmate young offenders to describe young inmate offenders‟ views of benefits they derive from educational programmes in correctional centres. Based on the available and access to the participants a purposive sample was employed for this research study.An open-ended questionnaire instrument which contained a set of a variety of questions on benefits of educational programmes were completed by the research participants. Toconduct this study in line with ethical considerations, permission was given by the university‟s ethical committee and later the Department of Correctional Services allowed the study to be conducted in their correctional centres. Data that was thematically analysed discovered educational programmes offered and availed to inmate young offenders to be beneficial. The study showed that although formal education was offered,the educational programmes faced many other challenges which were also mentioned in other studies and even in this study the offenders pointed them out, e.g.lack of resources and shortage of staff.The study also revealed that the rehabilitation programme played a critical role inreducing gangformation and fights in the entire inmate community. The collaboration of the state, community, family members of the offenders, churches, traditional leaders and non-profit organisations is required in rehabilitation of the IYO.

Effects of the Demographic Characteristics and Physical Exercises on Elementary School Teacher’s Job Satisfaction

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of demographic characteristics and physical exerciseon elementary school teacher’s job satisfaction. A survey design was used in the current study. The sample consisted of 186 elementary school teachers from two towns of District Lahore. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences was used to analyze the data in the form of frequency, standard deviation,and percentages. The findings indicated that gender has no effect on elementary teachers’ job satisfaction. The qualification of teachers was not significantly associated with teachers’ job satisfaction. The experience effected teacher’s job satisfaction.The physical exercises were significantly associated with teachers’ job satisfaction. It was concluded from the findings that gender and subject of teaching had no effect on elementary teachers’ job satisfaction. It was recommended that elementary school teacher’s physical exercise sessions be given due consideration in the school induction as it showed an association with teachers’ job satisfaction.