Salivary Malondialdehyde Level as a Lipid Peroxidation Marker in Early Childhood Caries

Background: Early childhood caries (ECC) is an aggressive and multifactorial form of dental caries in children, in which the biomarkers of oxidative stress may increase. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the salivary malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in children with early childhood caries (ECC) and caries-free (CF) children. Methods: To this end, 42 ECC children and 42 CF children, aged 4 - 6 years, were randomly selected from the kindergartens of four socio-economically different districts of Isfahan. An unstimulated saliva sample was obtained from children fasting during the past night using the spitting method. In the laboratory, the MDA levels were evaluated spectrophotometrically. An independent-samples t-test was used to examine the differences between the two groups. Results: The mean salivary MDA level was significantly higher in the ECC group than in the CF group (P = 0.01), and there was no significant relationship between salivary MDA and gender (P = 0.44 in the ECC group, P = 0.30 in the CF group). Moreover, no significant relationship was noticed between MDA with decayed, missing, filled teeth (dmft). Conclusions: The findings documented a relationship between ECC and MDA as one of the products of oxidative stress reactions. Accordingly, the MDA level of saliva can be a critical indicator in determining the status of caries in children.

Comparative Evaluation of Salivary Malondialdehyde Levels in Children with Different Caries Status- A Cross-Sectional Observational Study

Background and Objectives: Early childhood caries is a major public health problem especially in young children. ECC affects the quality of life of young children by affecting the chewing ability of children due to the development of pain and swelling, and this may indirectly affect the nutritional status of a child. The present study was done to assess the level of salivary malondialdehyde in children with and without Early childhood caries. The main objective of the study is to determine the salivary malondialdehyde levels and to compare it with the three groups of children with different caries experiences. Materials and Methods: It is cross-sectional observational research carried out at Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals. Children between 3-6 years were examined and 20 caries-free, 20 children with ECC as well as 20 children with S-ECC were recruited for the study. The caries status was assessed using dmfs and the severity of caries was assessed using pufa index. Salivary samples were collected and analysed for salivary malondialdehyde levels. Statistical Analysis: The data was entered and analysed using SPSS software version 20.0. One-way ANOVA was done to determine the difference in malondialdehyde levels between the groups. “Post-hoc Tukey” test was done to measure the intergroup significance. A “P value of < 0.05” was measured as statistically “significant” and P < 0.001 was deemed as statistically “highly significant”. Pearson’s correlation was done to correlate pufa values with malondialdehyde levels. Results: The results demonstrated that there was a statistically significant difference in salivary malondialdehyde levels among caries-free, ECC as well as S-ECC children. There was a positive correlation between the pufa score and salivary malondialdehyde levels. Conclusion: 1. There is a significant difference in the salivary malondialdehyde levels among caries-free, ECC as well as S-ECC children. There was a positive correlation of salivary malondialdehyde levels and pufa score in ECC and S-ECC children.

Estimation of Salivary Malondialdehyde Levels in Smokeless Tobacco Chewers with Chronic Periodontitis-A Cross Sectional Clinico Biochemical Study

Objective: Despite the reported effects of smokeless tobacco (ST) on the periodontium and high prevalence of ST use in rural populations and in males studies on this specific topic are limited. The purpose of this cross-sectional investigation was to measure lipid peroxidation (as an end product of oxidative stress) end product i.e. Malondialdehyde (MDA) in saliva of patients with gingivitis, chronic periodontitis and to assess the influence of smokeless tobacco on Salivary Malondialdehyde (S-MDA). Materials and methods: Total 30 patients with gingivitis, 30 with chronic periodontitis and 30 Smokeless Tobacco Chewers with Chronic Periodontitis and 30 periodontally healthy subjects were included in the study. Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Probing Pocket Depth (PD), and Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL) were recorded followed by stimulated Saliva sample collection. Salivary MDA Levels were assessed by UV Spectrophotometry. Results: There was a statistically significant increase in the salivary MDA levels in gingivitis, chronic periodontitis and in smokeless tobacco chewers with chronic periodontitis when compared with healthy group. Conclusions: Higher salivary MDA levels in gingivitis group, chronic periodontitis, and smokeless tobacco chewers with chronic periodontitis reflects increasedoxygen radical activity during periodontal inflammation.

Lipid peroxidation marker in saliva of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with oral manifestations – A Clinical and biochemical study.

Background: Type 2 Diabetes progresses gradually and in a stepwise order. It commences with insulin resistance and progresses slowly with time until the body fails to maintain glucose homeostasis. These alterations are accompanied with changes in lipid peroxidation. The determination of the oxidative stress requires sometimes invasive techniques. Exploring saliva for oxidative stress has great clinical interestObjective: The present study was undertaken to estimate, compare and correlate the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serum and saliva of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with oral manifestations and healthy controls.Materials and Methods: Serum and salivary Malondialdehyde levels were estimated in 45 healthy subjects (Group I) and 45 patients with Type 2 Diabetes with oral manifestations (Group II). Estimation of Random blood sugar levels were done by GOD-PAP methodology. The data obtained from the present study was analyzed using SPSS software. Independent T test was used to compare the levels in the study and control group. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to correlate the changes in serum and saliva. P< 0.05 was considered significant.Results:The mean serum Malondialdehyde levels in Group I was 0.958 μM/l, while the mean serum Malondialdehyde levels of Group II was 2.828 μM/l. The mean salivary Malondialdehyde levels in Group I was 0.217 μM/l, while the mean salivary Malondialdehyde levels of Group II was 0.688μM/l. The mean serum and salivary Malondialdehyde levels were significantly increased in subjects with Type 2 Diabetes with oral manifestations in comparison to the healthy subjects. Fair positive correlation was observed between serum and salivary Malondialdehyde levels in Group I (r = 0.341) and very good positive correlation was observed between serum and salivary Malondialdehyde levels in Group II (r = 0.613).Conclusion: Serum and salivary Malondialdehyde was significantly higher in subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with oral manifestations when compared to healthy controls. The increase in serum and salivary levels of MDA, shows that free radicals are formed disproportionately in diabetes mellitus by glucose degradation, non-enzymatic glycation of proteins, and the subsequent oxidative degradation, which may play an important role in the development of complications in diabetic patients. Fair positive correlation was found between serum and salivary Malondialdehyde in healthy subjects and very good positive correlation was observed between serum and salivary Malondialdehyde in subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with oral manifestations. This study highlights that type 2 diabetic patients undergo abnormally high levels of oxidative stress. Hence exploring saliva for oxidative stress is of great importance. Thus saliva could be used as a reliable, non-invasive tool in the assessment of oxidative status.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(4) 2018 p.644-651

Comparative evaluation of salivary malondialdehyde levels as a marker of lipid peroxidation in early childhood caries

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between lipid peroxidation and dental caries in children with ECC by estimating the levels of MDA in saliva of children. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 children were selected; 75 children with ECC and 75 children without caries (non-ECC). Saliva samples were collected and centrifuged at 12,000 rpm for 24 min at 4°C to obtain a supernatant. MDA levels were estimated by Buege and Aust method by using thiobarbituric acid. The data obtained were analyzed by Student’s t-test to compare MDA levels between the groups. Results: MDA levels were higher in children with ECC. There was no statistically significant difference between children with ECC and without ECC (non-ECC). Conclusion: MDA levels were slightly higher in children with ECC, indicating the role of lipid peroxidation in the carious process.