Running Mascara: The Hermeneutics of Trans Visual Archives in Late Franco-Era Spain

This article traces the curation of visual archives of trans subjectivity by the Franco regime. It focuses specifically on the experiences of three trans women who were prosecuted in the early to mid-1970s. Based on the definition of photographs as “material performances,” the author reconsiders recent debates about the “ethics of turning away” from forensic documents. Since Spanish privacy laws forbid the full reproduction of defendants’ photographs, this study also delves into the ethics of research on trans visibility in contexts of criminalization. The examined evidence demonstrates the disproportionate targeting of poor trans women as well as the centrality of the paseo (stroll) in their daily struggle for belonging. The confiscated photographs show a community of trans women posing in natural or public settings using different techniques to highlight the eroticism of their bodies. Likewise, trans women’s representational strategies centered joy, sisterhood, and intimacy as tenets of a livable life.

The Role of Research Ethics Committees: Making a Fair Offer

"In this paper, I engage with the on-going debate about the nature of the task that research ethics committees (RECs) have in coming to assess the ethics of research proposals. Some have argued that the role of RECs is to protect participants from harm in the context of researchers who want to benefit future people. Others have argued that the role of RECs is primarily to ensure that potential participants are provided with full information – enough to make an informed choice. On this later view, RECs protect choice rather than restrict it. I argue that both of these orientations are mistaken and that the role of RECs more akin to a societal overseer who ensures that the research is worthwhile and, most importantly, that it presents a fair offer to potential participants. On this view, the REC’s role is to balance potential harms to participants with the potential benefits of the research in the context of presenting the choice about whether to participate to potential participants. "

‘Children are not small adults’—the distinctiveness of ethics in children

Clinicians working in paediatric palliative care encounter many of the same practical ethical quandaries that face colleagues working in the adult specialty. While the underlying moral principles must be the same, their application to children is often distinctive and ethics is an illustration that ‘children are not small adults’. The key ethical test is the child’s interests; the benefits that an intervention will offer relative to its harms. Establishing them, however, is often not straightforward, and there is a risk that interests become abstracted from the context of a caring relationship that defines the state of being a child. In this chapter we consider a number of specific challenges in paediatric ethics at the end of life: the source of authority in medical decision making, ethics of research in children, collusion (especially in older children and young adults), the principle of double effect (PDE), and euthanasia.

Ethics review of big data research: What should stay and what should be reformed?

Background Ethics review is the process of assessing the ethics of research involving humans. The Ethics Review Committee (ERC) is the key oversight mechanism designated to ensure ethics review. Whether or not this governance mechanism is still fit for purpose in the data-driven research context remains a debated issue among research ethics experts. Main text In this article, we seek to address this issue in a twofold manner. First, we review the strengths and weaknesses of ERCs in ensuring ethical oversight. Second, we map these strengths and weaknesses onto specific challenges raised by big data research. We distinguish two categories of potential weakness. The first category concerns persistent weaknesses, i.e., those which are not specific to big data research, but may be exacerbated by it. The second category concerns novel weaknesses, i.e., those which are created by and inherent to big data projects. Within this second category, we further distinguish between purview weaknesses related to the ERC’s scope (e.g., how big data projects may evade ERC review) and functional weaknesses, related to the ERC’s way of operating. Based on this analysis, we propose reforms aimed at improving the oversight capacity of ERCs in the era of big data science. Conclusions We believe the oversight mechanism could benefit from these reforms because they will help to overcome data-intensive research challenges and consequently benefit research at large.

Exploration of coping strategies among bereaved young adults using six-part story method (6PSM)

The purpose of this research was to explore the coping strategies among bereaved young adults using Six-Part Story Method (6PSM). More specifically, this study was meant to identify the strengths of coping using 6PSM and the suitability of 6PSM among young adults in counselling approach. Counselling session was adapted as a medium for data collection with the aid of 6PSM as an intervention technique. Purposive sampling and snowball sampling was used to identify the most suitable participants to contribute in this study. The ethics of research and counselling such as anonymity, confidentiality, information disclosure, and the acquisition of informed consent were followed strictly throughout this research. The data collected was then analyzed using content analysis by categorizing the data into themes that present in the BASICPh model introduced by Mooli Lahad (Belief, Affect, Social, Imagination, Cognitive, and Physical) Other than that, this study had also showed that themes such as belief, affect, and social are highly used among young adults as a way of dealing with bereavement. Not only that, this study had also found that the process of completing 6PSM enables an individual to express themselves in a way that synchronizes with the BASICPh model of coping. Based on the findings, this study would like to implicate that the coping strategies of bereaved young adults falls under the themes of belief, affect, and social. In addition, it also implicated that 6PSM is suitable to be used as an intervention in counselling young adults.