Motivational Interviewing for Prevention of Early Childhood Caries

Early childhood caries is prevalent disease worldwide involving 1.76 billion children even though it is preventable with proper measures. Early childhood caries not only cause local discomfort but also hampers overall growth and development of child. Early childhood caries requires invasive treatments as it progress to later stages so early intervention is helpful to prevent these invasive procedures like restoration and extraction. Various procedures such as fluoride application, oral hygiene maintenance, motivational interviewing, diet counselling, oral health education programs are used for prevention, among them motivational interviewing is the emerging modality for prevention. Motivational interviewing is client centred counselling approach which elicits the behavior change by helping clients to explore and resolve ambivalence. It was first introduced for treating alcoholism now it is implemented in various fields for management of disease such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, reducing sexual behavior and pain management. In some of the researches it is found that the preventive measures accompanied with motivational interviewing are more effective than the conventional health education and intervention. Though there are many researches are present on the motivational interviewing in prevention of early childhood caries, better designed and reported interventions are still needed.

Trauma-informed career counselling to address work traumas resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic

Background: Sudden work traumas as a result of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have left thousands displaced from their current jobs and occupations. Traditional career counselling approaches that overlook the role of emotion are not adequate to address the numerous emotional difficulties that arise after a sudden unexpected job loss.Objectives: The objective of this research is to examine to what extent career counselling theories and interventions incorporate a trauma-informed career counselling approach and are prepared to address the emotional, psychological, and career counselling concerns that arise from work traumas as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: A qualitative systematic literature review of all career-related journals that have trauma-informed career counselling in the title or body of the manuscript was conducted. Additionally, career related articles, books, and book chapters specifically mentioning work traumas and interventions to address these issues were also examined.Results: Only one article on trauma-informed career counselling was found given the parameters of the literature review. Currently, no articles outline how to integrate career counselling and emotion-focused therapy for trauma in order to address work traumas related to COVID-19.Conclusion: A trauma-informed career counselling approach that integrates career construction counselling and emotion-focused trauma therapy is needed to address the emotional, psychological, and career counselling concerns that arise from a work trauma as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. An integrated approach to provide trauma-informed career counselling has been provided.

Mewariskan Memori Kolektif Sebagai Pendekatan Pendampingan Dan Konseling Untuk Meningkatkan Pembangunan Jemaat Adang

Each region certainly has its own past stories in the early church. In this case, the individual or group begins to remember something that happened in themselves and he can do memory activities while talking, listening and many other ways of remembering. Congregations in the current era, in understanding the meaning of togetherness in allied life, have begun to erode and fade. The purpose of this study is to describe the collective memory heritage of the congregation and to develop a counselling approach to promote congregational development. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical pattern. From the results of the research, the authors see that the church today is in dire need of counselling assistance in church development. The integrity of a congregation is highly expected for every individual and group through fellowship that is carried out within the scope of the church and society in increasing harmonious and peaceful life. AbstrakSetiap daerah tentu memiliki cerita-cerita masa lalu tersendiri pada jemaat mula-mula. Dalam hal ini, individu atau kelompok mulai mengingat-ingat sesuatu yang terjadi dalam diri pribadinya dan ia dapat melakukan aktivitas mengingat-ingat ketika sedang berbicara, mendengarkan dan masih banyak lagi cara mengingat-ingat lainnya. Jemaat di era saat ini, dalam memahami arti kebersamaan dalam hidup bersekutu sudah mulai terkikis dan memudar. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan warisan memori kolektif jemaat Adang dan mengembangkan pendekatan konseling untuk meningkatkan pembangunan jemaat Adang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan kualitatif dengan pola deskriptif-analitis. Dari hasil penelitian penulis melihat bahwa jemaat Adang saat ini sangat membutuhkan pendampingan konseling dalam pembangunan jemaat. Keutuhan suatu jemaat sangat di harapkan bagi setiap individu maupun kelompok melalui persekutuan yang dilakukan dalam lingkup gereja maupun masyarakat dalam meningkatkan hidup rukun dan damai.

Exploration of coping strategies among bereaved young adults using six-part story method (6PSM)

The purpose of this research was to explore the coping strategies among bereaved young adults using Six-Part Story Method (6PSM). More specifically, this study was meant to identify the strengths of coping using 6PSM and the suitability of 6PSM among young adults in counselling approach. Counselling session was adapted as a medium for data collection with the aid of 6PSM as an intervention technique. Purposive sampling and snowball sampling was used to identify the most suitable participants to contribute in this study. The ethics of research and counselling such as anonymity, confidentiality, information disclosure, and the acquisition of informed consent were followed strictly throughout this research. The data collected was then analyzed using content analysis by categorizing the data into themes that present in the BASICPh model introduced by Mooli Lahad (Belief, Affect, Social, Imagination, Cognitive, and Physical) Other than that, this study had also showed that themes such as belief, affect, and social are highly used among young adults as a way of dealing with bereavement. Not only that, this study had also found that the process of completing 6PSM enables an individual to express themselves in a way that synchronizes with the BASICPh model of coping. Based on the findings, this study would like to implicate that the coping strategies of bereaved young adults falls under the themes of belief, affect, and social. In addition, it also implicated that 6PSM is suitable to be used as an intervention in counselling young adults.

Innovating and contextualising career counselling for young people during the Covid-19 pandemic

This article reports on how the changing career counselling needs of young people during the Covid-19 pandemic can be met. It is argued that innovative and contextualised career counselling that is in line with the basic principles of ‘best practice’ and draws on a life design–based framework offers a viable conceptual framework for this kind of endeavour. Such counselling can promote young people’s adaptability; enhance their employability; and bolster their narratability, narrativity and autobiographicity. A brief theoretical overview explains innovation and contextualisation in career counselling and clarifies key aspects of counselling for self- and career construction. The style of e-career counselling advocated here can help young people make meaning of their career-lives and (re-)kindle their sense of hope and purpose. Moreover, it can help them devise practicable strategies to actuate their sense of purpose and hope and also help them experience a sense of being part of something much bigger than themselves. In addition, it can promote young people’s entrepreneurship and self-entrepreneurship and bolster their employability. Longitudinal research, including qualitative, quantitative and mixed-methods studies on the topic, is needed to examine the value of the e-career counselling approach. Such research could involve different assessment instruments and counselling strategies and include questionnaires to facilitate pre- and post-assessment of the effectiveness of the approach.

Applications of the Indigenous and Modern Career Counselling in Education

The career development field is continually growing and changing to reflect the current career realities of individuals, changes in society, and in the world of work. The main aim of this chapter is to explore the relationship between modern and indigenous career counselling. The relatively under-researched indigenous career counselling approach can be blended with modern career counselling to help students handle their challenges specifically related to career choice. This strategy provides an interpretive tool trying to create a third space or bridging areas between the indigenous and modern career counselling approaches within the Tanzanian context. The study revealed that some school counsellors employ both indigenous and modern counselling to address career challenges among the secondary school students. The blending of indigenous and modern career counselling creates a balanced guidance and counselling service which relates students to the careers that are relevant to their context which promotes the development of community-based careers.

Dharma Therapy: A Buddhist Counselling Approach to Acknowledging and Enhancing Perspectives, Attitudes and Values

In the modern world, psychological problems like anxiety and depression are common phenomena in society. Dharma therapy is a Buddhist teaching-based therapeutic intervention which utilizes the Buddhist model of ending suffering to help clients to deal with psychological issues. In many cases, it has been shown to be effective. The present case study illustrates how the client, Mr. Peter Chan, who was suffering from anxiety, benefited from going through the intervention of Dharma Therapy. The article will describe what is Dharma Therapy, Mr. Chan’s psychological issues and how the seven steps of Dharma Therapy helped Mr. Chan to deal with his sufferings. Psychological tests administered before and after the therapeutic intervention showed improvement in all aspects of anxiety.

Η φεμινιστική πολυπολιτισμική προσέγγιση της συμβουλευτικής ψυχολογίας

The feminist multicultural model has emerged from the feminist counselling approach. The feminist approach in counselling psychology, which was developed especially during the 1960’s and 1970’s, focused on individual solutions to human problems and did not place a great emphasis on other multicultural factors in therapy. By acknowledgingthe influence of multiculturalism on people’s mental health, counselling psychology started to gradually pay more attention to the relationship between individuals and their environment and considered the culturalenvironment as a major influencing factor in the shaping of identity but also in the nature of problems faced. At the beginning, this multicultural dimension was included very often unevenly in the feminist therapy.Recently, we see an effort to integrate these two mainstreams towards the development of an integrated feminist multicultural therapeutic approach. This approach is based on the realization that, although intraditional therapies the emphasis has been intrapsychic and the main assumption was that man is responsible for his condition, more recent developments in the field of therapy acknowledge that peopledo not always have the same opportunities and cannot always be totally responsible for the adversities they face because any kind of oppression often reduces their power and limits their access to choices. This articlepresents the development of the model, the theoretical mainstreams, the principles and trends that reinforce this development and its impact on the therapeutic approach

Effect of the REDI Counselling Approach on the Use of Modern Postpartum Contraceptive Methods among Adolescent Mothers in Iran

Rapid repeat pregnancies expose adolescent mothers and their neonates to a greater risk of adverse outcomes. One way to decrease rapid subsequent pregnancies is to increase the use of postpartum contraceptives. The study aimed to investigate the effect of a counselling method for family planning on the decision-making about the use of postpartum modern contraceptives immediately, 1 week, and 2 months following the counselling session. This quasi-experimental study was carried out on 352 adolescent mothers who visited health centres for baby care at 4 to 6 months following childbirth. The intervention group received one counselling session for family planning based on the model of Rapport-building, Exploring, Decision-making, and Implementing the Decision (REDI). The control group received routine services. The adolescent mothers in the intervention group were more likely to use modern contraceptives 1 week and 2 months following the counselling session. Two months after the counselling session, the demand for family planning with modern methods was calculated at 29 per cent and 78 per cent in the control and intervention groups, respectively. The results showed that the REDI counselling approach was effective as the use of modern contraceptives reported higher in the intervention group than the control group. Given the demonstrated link between the REDI framework for family planning counselling and the use of modern contraceptives, healthcare providers should be trained in counselling skills based on the REDI framework to strengthen counselling on contraception.

Career Adaptability in Various Theories: Review Through Multicultural Perspectives

This paper intends to discuss the review of career adaptability in several different theoretical settings using a multicultural perspective. The scope of the discussion includes the definition, essence, aspect, and indicator of career adaptability in several theories. The methodology used is in the form of a literature review. This paper aims to provide benefits in providing descriptions of how career adaptability in several theories to gain a deeper understanding of the concept. The results obtained in the form of a review of the concept of “career adaptability” using a multicultural perspective from three different theories derived from the career construction counselling approach and the social-cognitive counselling approach. Each theory has been reviewed from four dimensions, namely: definition, essence, aspects, and indicators.