DESIGN AND TEST OF SELF-PROPELLED STRADDLE-TYPE LYCIUM BARBARUM L. SPRAYING MACHINE

According to the planting agronomy of Lycium barbarum L. in Ningxia, a self-propelled straddle-type sprayer was designed. The aim was to reduce the labor requirements, improve the spraying effect to the middle and lower parts of the canopy, reduce the influence of natural wind on droplet drift, and recycle excess liquid medicine to reduce environmental pollution. Tests showed that the coverage rate of liquid medicine on the leaf surface and back of the leaf peaked at 84.2% and 48.3%, respectively, when spraying pressure was high. Under different spraying distances, the coverage rate of liquid medicine on leaf surface and back of leaf reached 73.3% and 38.3% at the shortest distance. The uniformity of the spray droplet distribution was good, the use error was less than 10%, and the excess liquid was effectively recovered.

Two Cases of Iatrogenic Lumbar Foraminal Disc Herniations

Study Design. A case report. Objective. We report two cases of iatrogenic deterioration of lumbar foraminal disc herniations following lumbar disc injections. Summary of Background Data. Complications associated with discography were reported. However, only a few reports have thus far referred to the iatrogenic deterioration of lumbar foraminal disc herniations. Cases. 60-year-old and 74-year-old men were treated with MR images of L4-5 foraminal disc herniations without fragment in the spinal canal. The patients underwent discography and disc block for its diagnosis and treatment. After disc injections, both patients complained of deterioration of L4 radiculopathy. Results. On disco-CT or reexamined MR images after disc injections, herniated fragment was migrated from neural foramen to cranial central spinal canal with was not shown in previous MR images. The herniated fragments were extirpated by means of osteoplastic laminoplasty or transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with facetectomy. The herniated fragments were migrated from neural foramen to cranial central spinal canal. Conclusions. The injection of liquid medicine into the nucleus led the intradiscal pressure increased, and the disc fragment might prolapsed through the raptured region of annulus fibrosus and migrated to cranial central spinal canal by anatomical reason. The disc injection may have a risk for deterioration of foraminal disc herniation. Our report is instructive for the management of discography for the diagnosis of foraminal disc herniations.

PENGARUH KOMUNIKASI TENAGA FARMASI DALAM UPAYA PENINGKATAN PEMAHAMAN LANSIA TERHADAP DAGUSIBU OBAT (DAPATKAN, GUNAKAN, SIMPAN, BUANG) DI DESA KOPEN KABUPATEN BOYOLALI

Irrational use of drugs and their abusers is a problem that is often found in society. Based on the survey data obtained, there are still residents who get drugs freely without monitoring medical and pharmaceutical personnel or the drugs purchased are medicines from grocery stores, and many residents in Kopen village, Boyolali, do not know how to use appropriate drugs and how to store them. The correct medicine and many of them are still throwing away liquid medicine in the package and without paying attention to damage the medicine package. Education about the drug Dagusibu is one of the efforts we do as pharmaceutical personnel to prevent irrational drug use and to prevent drug abuse by the community, especially the elderly in Kopen Village, Boyolali. The method used is a preventive intervention method and a quantitative approach to the elderly using the Dagusibu questionnaire that we created. Based on filling out the questionnaire before we do the socilization, it was found that 73% of the elderly who do not understand, 18% of the elderly who have little understanding and 7% of the elderly who are accompanied by a guardian who already understands. The understanding of Dagusibu drugs by the elderly in the Village Kopen, Boyolali categorized't get it. It needs to be held socialization to improve the understanding of the elderly and also residents in the Village kopen, Boyolali. After socialization, the obtained results of the questionnaire 27% still do not understand, 64% already understand and also 9% are elderly, accompanied by a guardian in the use of the drug. The conclusion of this research is the role of pharmaceutical personnel hold a very important role in conveying information and education in an improved understanding of the elderly and residents in the Village kopen, Boyolali..

Riluzole Oral Suspension for the Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Texture and Compatibility with Food Thickeners Evaluation

Riluzole 5 mg/mL oral suspension is the only licensed liquid medicine to treat Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) orally. As more than 80% of ALS patients develop dysphagia, an oral liquid formulation provides an important therapeutic option. The Riluzole 5 mg/mL oral suspension is administered by means of the graduated oral dosing syringe included in the medicine package. Its concentration (5 mg/mL) is consistent with a small and easy to measure volume (10 mL) to deliver the prescribed 50-mg dose twice daily. This work had a dual objective. The first was to evaluate the texture of the Riluzole 5 mg/mL oral suspension according to the International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI) flow test. Results of this experiment indicated that Riluzole 5 mg/mL oral suspension would basically fall under the “mildly thick” IDDSI descriptors. This is an important feature because thick fluids facilitate a safer swallow in patients with dysphagia. As a second objective, we evaluated for scientific purposes the compatibility of Riluzole 5 mg/mL oral suspension with some of the most common food thickeners available on the market. Intimate mixtures of the Riluzole 5 mg/mL oral suspension with thickeners were evaluated for appearance, pH, Riluzole assay and Riluzole related substances immediately after preparation and after two hours at room temperature. Riluzole 5 mg/mL oral suspension resulted to be compatible with all the marketed thickeners tested.

Syringe Pump With Nearly Empty Based Microcontroller Atmega328

Syringe Pump is a tool used to give liquid medicine or food liquid into the patient's body in a certain amount and within a certain period of time on a regular basis. The purpose of this study is to facilitate monitoring of fluid in the syringe so that the hose is not installed continuously when the liquid has run out. The circuit consists of an Atmega328 microcontroller, a motor driver, and an optocoupler sensor. Setting the syringe, volume and flowrate is done at the beginning. To insert liquid, the motor must be run by the way the settings have been done and press the start button. Tools need supply from PLN grids. Calibration is done using IDA 4 Plus. This tool is equipped with the addition of alarms nearly empty and the bolus button. From the measurements taken, at the 20 ml syringe the biggest error occurred at the 5 ml volume point of 0.4% and at the 50 ml syringe the biggest error occurred at the 5 ml volume point of 0.280%.This module can be used according to its function, because the% error is still below the ± 5% standard.