scholarly journals DESIGN AND TEST OF SELF-PROPELLED STRADDLE-TYPE LYCIUM BARBARUM L. SPRAYING MACHINE

2021 ◽  
pp. 345-354
Author(s):  
ZeNing Gao ◽  
QingYu Chen ◽  
GuangRui Hu ◽  
Chao Chen ◽  
ChuanLin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Coverage Rate ◽  
Lycium Barbarum ◽  
Spray Droplet ◽  
Droplet Distribution ◽  
Shortest Distance ◽  
Labor Requirements ◽  
Natural Wind ◽  
Liquid Medicine

According to the planting agronomy of Lycium barbarum L. in Ningxia, a self-propelled straddle-type sprayer was designed. The aim was to reduce the labor requirements, improve the spraying effect to the middle and lower parts of the canopy, reduce the influence of natural wind on droplet drift, and recycle excess liquid medicine to reduce environmental pollution. Tests showed that the coverage rate of liquid medicine on the leaf surface and back of the leaf peaked at 84.2% and 48.3%, respectively, when spraying pressure was high. Under different spraying distances, the coverage rate of liquid medicine on leaf surface and back of leaf reached 73.3% and 38.3% at the shortest distance. The uniformity of the spray droplet distribution was good, the use error was less than 10%, and the excess liquid was effectively recovered.

SPRAY DROPLET DISTRIBUTION AND HERBICIDE UPTAKE IN SEQUENTIAL APPLICATIONS OF DICLOFOP-METHYL AND MCPA FOR WEED CONTROL IN BARLEY

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. QURESHI ◽  
W. H. VANDEN BORN
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Spray Droplet ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Droplet Distribution ◽  
Spray Droplets ◽  
Spray Volume

Uptake of 14C-diclofop-methyl {methyl 2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy propanoate]} by leaves of wild oats (Avena fatua L.) was reduced significantly in the presence of MCPA {[(4-chloro-o-tolyl)oxy]acetic acid]}, especially the dimethylamine formulation. If the herbicides were applied separately, the degree of interference with uptake depended on the extent of overlap of droplets of the two spray preparations on the leaf surface. Spray volume and direction of spray application were important factors in minimizing the mixing of spray droplets on the leaves if the two herbicides were applied separately with a tandem arrangement of two sprayers. Such a sequential application of MCPA ester and diclofop-methyl in a field experiment provided significantly greater wild oat control than could be obtained with a tank mix of the same two herbicides, but the results were not consistent enough to recommend the procedure for practical use.

scholarly journals A novel detection method of spray droplet distribution based on LIDARs

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 54-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Yongjun ◽  
◽  
Yang Shenghui ◽  
Yubin Lan ◽  
Clint Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detection Method ◽  
Spray Droplet ◽  
Droplet Distribution

Effect of Formulation and Nozzle Type on Droplet Size with Isopropylamine and Trimesium Salts of Glyphosate

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Mueller ◽  
Alvin R. Womac
Keyword(s):  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Spray Droplet ◽  
Droplet Distribution ◽  
Extended Range ◽  
Glyphosate Formulation ◽  
Nozzle Type ◽  
Flat Fan Nozzle

When spray mixtures were examined using a laser spray droplet analyzer, the new isopropylamine glyphosate formulation produced more small droplets than a previous isopropylamine salt of glyphosate formulation or glyphosate–trimesium plus nonionic surfactant. The use of a pre-orifice flat-fan nozzle and an impact type flat-fan nozzle reduced the amount of small droplets produced compared to an existing extended range flat-fan nozzle, while maintaining a spray droplet distribution that could still provide good weed control. The new nozzle technologies could provide a useful management tool to manage potential drift situations.

scholarly journals Impact of Spray Droplet Distribution on the Performances of a Kerosene Lean/Premixed Injector

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 421-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Domingo-Alvarez ◽  
Pierre Bénard ◽  
Vincent Moureau ◽  
Ghislain Lartigue ◽  
Frédéric Grisch
Keyword(s):  
Spray Droplet ◽  
Droplet Distribution ◽  
Lean Premixed

scholarly journals Effect of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Flight Height on Droplet Distribution, Drift and Control of Cotton Aphids and Spider Mites

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoxia Lou ◽  
Fang Xin ◽  
Xiaoqiang Han ◽  
Yubin Lan ◽  
Tianzhu Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Spider Mites ◽  
Coverage Rate ◽  
Cotton Leaf ◽  
Control Efficiency ◽  
Cotton Pests ◽  
Droplet Distribution ◽  
Flight Height ◽  
And Control

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), as emerging plant protection machinery, have the advantages of high operational efficiency, high speed, and low drift. The current study aimed to elucidate the characteristics of droplet distribution and drift, control efficiency on cotton aphids and spider mites, and attachment and absorption of cotton leaves during UAV spraying. Kromekote card and filter paper are used as samplers to collect droplets, and the droplet density, coverage rate, deposition, and drift percentage are statistically analyzed. The pooled results showed that the droplet uniformity, the droplet coverage rate, the deposition, and the drifting ability are higher when the UAV flight height was 2 m. The control effects by UAV spraying on cotton aphids and spider mites were 63.7% and 61.3%, respectively. These values are slightly inferior to those obtained through boom spraying. Cotton leaf attachment and absorption of spirodiclofen after UAV spraying were slightly lower than those after boom spraying, therefore, the control efficiency of cotton pests is slightly different. According to the different flight height operations by the UAV sprayer, the drift capability of the droplets at 2 m flight height was large, and the droplet uniformity and deposition were satisfactory. The research results could provide the theoretical basis and technical support for UAV operation.

scholarly journals SPRAY DROPLET/CHEMICAL DEPOSIT INTERACTION WITH LEAF SURFACES

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1146a-1146
Author(s):  
M.J. Bukovac ◽  
D.L. Reichard
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Chemical Deposition ◽  
Lateral Diffusion ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Spray Droplet ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Droplet Drying

Most growth regulators and crop protection chemicals are delivered to the plant as aqueous sprays. Spray droplet:plant surface interaction is central to establishing spray and, hence, dose retention by the plant. Further, the nature of chemical deposition from spray droplets plays an important role in determining the efficiency of the active ingredient (a.i.). Using scanning electron microscopy and dispersive x-ray analysis, we investigated chemical deposit formation of selected growth regulators (e.g. ethephon, 2,4, 5-TP, TIBA) on leaf surfaces differing in wettability and surface fine-structure. The a.i. frequently deposited in the form of an annulus on droplet drying, and the degree of spreading was related to surface tension of the spray solution, and wettability, fine-structure and morphology of the leaf surface. Marked differences were observed in spreading following impaction on veins vs. interveinal areas of leaves of Prunus and Pyrus sp. The epidermis over veins was more readily wetted leading to rapid lateral diffusion along veins. Surfactants (e.g. Tween 20, Regulaid) altered the deposition pattern, expanding the annulus and increasing spreading on the leaf surface.

scholarly journals Spray droplet impaction models and their use within AGDISP software to predict retention

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.A. Forster ◽  
G.N. Mercer ◽  
W.C. Schou
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Surface Adhesion ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Spray Droplet ◽  
Retention Models ◽  
Crucial Effect ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Spray Formulation ◽  
Droplet Impacts

The retention and distribution of spray droplets within the plant canopy have a crucial effect on the biological efficacy of pesticides To maximise spray retention droplets that impact a leaf must remain on the plant Three outcomes are possible when a droplet impacts a leaf surface adhesion bounce or shatter Those droplets that bounce or shatter can continue their journey through the canopy depositing at lower levels in the canopy or on the ground Mathematical models based on the physical processes involved in the bounce/ adhesion and shatter of droplets have been developed improved and described These processbased retention models have recently been implemented within an experimental build of the spray application simulation software AGDISP This has allowed differences in total spray retention to plants due to the spray formulation used or vegetative species studied to be predicted This paper discusses these new tools illustrates the effect different spray formulations and application parameters have on predicted retention and compares model predictions with measured retention

Leaf characteristics and surfactants affect primisulfuron droplet spread in three broadleaf weeds

Weed Science ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debanjan Sanyal ◽  
Prasanta C. Bhowmik ◽  
Krishna N. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Epicuticular Wax ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Spray Droplet ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Droplet Behavior ◽  
Wax Content ◽  
Common Purslane

Laboratory studies were conducted to examine the leaf surface, epicuticular wax content, and spray droplet behavior on common lambsquarters, common purslane, and velvetleaf. Adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces were examined using scanning electron microscopy, and leaf wax was extracted and quantified for all three weed species. The spread of 1-μl droplets of distilled water, primisulfuron solution (without surfactant), primisulfuron solution with a nonionic low foam wetter/spreader adjuvant (0.25% v/v), and with an organosilicone wetting agent (0.1% v/v) was determined on the adaxial leaf surfaces of each of the weed species. Glands and trichomes were present on both the adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces of velvetleaf. Common purslane had neither glands nor trichomes on either side of the leaf. Common lambsquarters did not have any glands or trichomes, but it had globular bladder hairs on both adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces. Stomata were present on both adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces in all three weed species. Common purslane had a much lower number of stomata per unit area of leaf as compared with velvetleaf or common lambsquarters. Common lambsquarters had the highest epicuticular wax content on the leaf surface (274.5 μg cm−2), followed by common purslane (153.4 μg cm−2) and velvetleaf (7.4 μg cm−2). There were no significant variations in the spread of the 1-μl droplet of distilled water and primisulfuron (without adjuvant) among the species. Spread of primisulfuron droplets with surfactant was highest on the leaf surface of velvetleaf that had the lowest wax content. Droplet spread was greatest with organosilicone surfactant followed by the nonionic surfactant.

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