The Development of In Vitro Culture Sterilization Method of Gametophyte Explant Lopholejeunea sp.

In vitro cultures of leafy liverworts are still facing significant challenges due to high-level of explant contamination. The sterilization process can easily damage the structure of liverwort after exposure to the disinfectant. This study was to determine the concentration and time exposure of commercial bleach as a disinfectant to suppress contamination using the gametophyte culture of Lopholejeunea sp. The experiment consisted of control and six treatment combinations of commercial bleach with concentration 0.5, 0.75, and 1% (v/v), and exposure time (60 and 90 seconds). The type and location of contamination, the color of the explants after sterilization, and response after 30 days were observed. The results showed that the 0.75% bleach with 60 and 90 seconds exposure time had a lower contamination until the 7th day of culture. The most common type of contamination is bacteria and fungi that arise from the explant. Despite the contamination, it did not inhibit shoot formation. Further studies still needed to determine the type of fungicides and antibiotics with the most potent concentration and exposure time should be tested to obtain an axenic and viable culture of liverworts Lopholejeunea sp.

Face Constituting Theory

Connection with and separation from one another is a productive alternative conceptualization of what is known cross-culturally and in the social sciences as “face.” It follows that conceptualizing relating as conjointly co-constituting operative interpretings of both connection and separation is equivalent to conceptualizing relating as conjointly co-constituting face. Constituting connection with and separation from one another is a viable culture-general conceptualization of face, as apparent in considering the culture-specific construals of the dialectic in several cultural groups. Chapter 8 provides a formal statement of Face Constituting Theory, and against that background examines how researchers go about “finding face” in social practices in everyday interacting, compares the theory with six prior accounts of face, and considers participants’ evaluations of their interpretings of relating and face, of threat, and of im/politeness.

Silica@proton-alginate microreactors: a versatile platform for cell encapsulation

Acid gelation of alginate allows the inclusion of living cultures within sol–gel silica hydrogels. The formed beads spontaneously revert into a liquid viable culture.

Isolation of Protoplasts from Nepenthes - A Plant Carnivore

Protoplasts were isolated from the lamina of greenhouse grown Nepenthes ampullaria and the hybrid N. ‘Rokko’ Exotica in order to develop a protocol for protoplast isolation suitable for wild species of Nepenthes. Various molarities utilizing mannitol or sorbitol and different enzyme mixtures and concentrations as well as incubation times were evaluated to maximize protoplast yield and viability. The most effective treatment, a 4 hrs incubation at 40 rpm and 25°C in a solution consisting of 0.5 M sorbitol, 5% cellulase ‘Onozuka’ R-10, 0.5% macerozyme R-10, and 0.3% pectolyase Y-23, generated 4.35 × 106 protoplasts/ gfw of which 62.1% were viable. Culture was attempted in respect of regeneration of the cell wall, however, no cell division was observed. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 24(1): 93-100, 2014 (June) D. O. I. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v24i1.19217

Reaction of Indicator Tobacco Cultivars to Races of Pseudomonas syringaepv. tabaciTox+

Three races of Pseudomonas syringaepv. tabaciTox+ (wildfire) (races 0, 1 and 2) and two races of Tox- (angular leaf spot) (races 1 and 2) have been confirmed on tobacco in Zimbabwe (Zim). Very few cultivars with no resistance to Ps. syringaepv. tabaci are grown commercially and race 0 has not been isolated since 1996. Because we no longer have a viable culture of race 0, we obtained an isolate of race 0 from Kentucky (0 KY), USA in January 2000. We included this isolate in race tests on standard indicator cultivars K E1 (susceptible to all races), KM 10 (resistance to race 0 derived from Nicotianalongiflora), WZ (resistance to races 0 and 1 derived from N. rustica) and a hybrid, K 35 (resistance to races 0 and 0 and 1 derived from N. longiflora and N. rustica respectively). Two leaves on 10-week-old seedlings were inoculated with a bacterial suspension (106 colony forming units [cfu] per mL) by spraying selected areas until just watersoaked and incubating the plants at 28 C and 70% RH for 10 d. The reaction to race 0, measured as lesion diameter, was different from that previously obtained with race 0 (Zim). Races 0 and 1 (Zim) are avirulent on WZ but race 0 (KY) was virulent. Further isolates of race 0 were received from Maryland (MD) and Tennessee (TN). The TN isolates overcame resistance derived from N. longiflora and N. rustica, except where both sets of genes were present in the same cultivar. Reactions have been variable with the race 0 (MD) isolate suggesting it is a mixed culture. We conclude that there are at least four races of Ps. syringaepv. tabaciTox+ worldwide and race 0 (KY) should be designated race 3. On all cultivars, race 2 consistently caused the largest lesions.

Corporate Culture in the Academic Marketing Department

The purpose of this article is to provide insight into the efficacy of the corporate culture idea to improved performance in academic marketing departments. All departments have a culture. The challenge is to formulate a healthy and viable culture. Abbreviated case examples are included to demonstrate contrasting cultures.