Detection of Individual Replacements in a Long-Lived Bird Species, the Bonelli'S Eagle (Aquila fasciata), Using Three Noninvasive Methods

ABSTRACT Accurate estimations of adult mortality are essential for understanding population dynamics and achieving efficient management actions that are directed toward long-lived species. Several noninvasive methods may be used to monitor endangered long-lived birds like raptors, but their performance in real-world scenarios remains poorly studied. We used eight Bonelli's Eagle (Aquila fasciata) breeding pairs (1) to compare the efficiency of direct observations with binoculars and telescopes (2004–2016), camera trapping (2012–2016), and feather genetic analysis (2004–2015) for detecting and identifying individuals over time, (2) to conduct a cost-benefit analysis of methods, and (3) to evaluate the accuracy of the direct observation method for estimating survival by comparing it with camera trapping and feather analysis. Both the feather genetic analysis and camera trapping approaches allowed us to successfully identify individuals and to detect replacements that we did not notice during direct observations. The classic direct observation method overestimated adult survival, which could hamper an accurate understanding of the demographic dynamics of this population. Feather analysis gave a low detection rate of individuals (47%), probably due to difficulties in finding feathers in the rugged habitat of this species. However, identification success at the individual level with this method was 96%. Remote camera surveys had both a high detection rate (100%) and identification success (93%). Given that costs associated with camera surveys were lower than the costs of genetic procedures, we concluded that camera trapping is the most efficient indirect method to assess adult survival in this and other raptors with external features that make individual identification possible. However, because no method showed complete efficiency, genotyping of feathers collected at the end of the breeding season could be a useful additional method, especially when camera trapping is not possible or when it fails.

Distribution characteristics of insect diversity in long-term fixed monitoring plots in Northeast China

The spatial patterns of field arthropod communities are an essential part of ecology and can provide fundamental data regarding field ecological processes and reveal the mechanism of ecosystem biodiversity maintenance. This study investigated the spatial distribution pattern of field insect communities to detect the spatial relationships between insect communities in farmland. The study site was located at the Dehui Agro-ecological Experimental Station of Black Soil, Jilin, China. Insect communities and environmental factors were sampled at 121 uniformly distributed points in a 400 × 400 m plot in August, September, and October 2015. The analysis revealed that insect communities from June to October demonstrated significant spatial correlation, and 6085 samples of 47 species and 47 families in 11 orders were collected from the insect community in the farmland. The farmland insect community structure changes and dynamic changes of nutritional function groups occur with time. According to the 400 x 400 m plot, the diversity of farmland insect communities and functional groups is maintained at a relatively high and stable level. In this study, a total of 6085 samples of corn farmland insects were obtained using the fluke method and direct observation method, including 11 orders, 26 families and 47 species, 4 absolute dominant populations, 6 main dominant populations, and 37 other populations. These studies can provide help for pest control in the spring corn area of Northeast China.

Rekayasa Proses Bisnis Layanan Pengiriman Paket

During the pandemic, companies engaged in package delivery did not experience a negative impact, instead they experienced rapid development and new companies emerged. This study discusses business process engineering related to package delivery services in courier companies. Data research was collected through an interview method with one of the staff working in Jalur Nugraha Ekakurir (JNE) company Setrasari Bandung and a direct observation method related to this service. From the data research, it is known that the business processes ‘AS-IS’ are then carried out in business process engineering. It is recommended that agents and branches be able to sort packages so that if the package is in the nearest area it can be sent directly to the intended address according to the type of package chosen by the customer, with costs that include insurance for damage and loss of goods. And the courier on duty has been confirmed to be well trained, passed the test and knows the conditions of the location in the area very well.

Strategi dan Usaha Reservasi untuk Meningkatkan Tingkat Hunian di Grand Orchid Hotel Yogyakarta

This study aims to determine the strategy and reservation effort to increase occupancy rates at the Grand Orchid Hotel Yogyakarta. This research was conducted at the Grand Orchid Hotel in Yogyakarta.The type of data collected in this study is qualitative, namely the strategy and reservation effort to increase occupancy rates at the Grand Orchid Hotel Yogyakarta. The data analysis technique used is the direct observation method, direct interview. The results of the research obtained are that reservations have a very important role to increase occupancy rates and there are things that support to increase occupancy rates are complete room facilities, strategic hotel location, intensity of promotion, good employee service

Analysis Of Oil Losses at Press Station In PT. Palmina Utama

The press station is the main station for quoting oil from the pulp of palm oil (CPO). In the screw press, there are several things that need to be considered in order to determine the success of the extraction process, namely the percentage level of oil losses which is one of the benchmarks for the success of extraction at the press station. Some things that can affect the percentage level of oil losses at the press station are the amount of pressure on the press machine and the level of chopping blades in the digester. This observation is carried out by direct observation method at PT. Palmina Utama, using a purposive sampling method.samples taken for the analysis of oil losses at this press station are in the form of fiber, the persentage value of oil losses is determined by exstraction using soxhlet with n-hexane solvent. Samples for analysis were taken from five press machines at the press station in the form of fiber and taken three times each at three points, namely the left side, the middle side and the right side with an interval of two hours, then the samples were mixed and weighed as much as nine to ten gram. The highest oil losses in February were 4.48% and the lowest losses during February were 4.105%. Based on statistical analysis, that F-Count is smaller than F-table 5% and 1%. Thus, pressure does not affect at the percentage of oil losses.

Analisis Kesesuaian Ekosistem Lamun sebagai Pendukung Ekowisata Bahari Pulau Panjang Kabupaten Jepara

Ekowisata bahari adalah kegiatan wisata berkelanjutan yang memanfaatkan sumberdaya pesisir dan laut. Sumberdaya tersebut dapat dibagi menjadi sumberdaya alam dan manusia yang keduanya bersinergi dan berintegrasi untuk pemanfaatan ekowisata tersebut. Ekowisata lamun merupakan salah satu ekowisata berpotensi dimana potensi ekosistem lamun yang merupakan salah satu ekosistem di wilayah pesisir dengan peran penting untuk melindungi wilayah pesisir tersebut. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi ekosistem lamun untuk dijadikan pendukung ekowisata bahari dengan melihat presentase tutupan, parameter lingkungan, dan kelimpahan biota yang berasosiasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode observasi langsung. Metode observasi langsung adalah metode pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dengan mengamati dan mengukur langsung objek yang diamati. Metode pengambilan data menggunakan metode transek garis LIPI dengan transek kuadran 50 x 50 cm. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setidaknya terdapat lima spesies lamun yang dapat ditemukan di Perairan Pulau Panjang, yaitu: Thallasia hemprichii, Cymodocea rotundata, Cymodocea serrulata, Enhalus acoroides, dan Halophila ovalis. Kerapatan jenis lamun tertinggi adalah spesies Thallasia hemprichii di stasiun 1 dan kerapatan terendah adalah spesies Halophila ovalis di stasiun 1. Perairan Pulau Panjang juga memiliki potensi biota yang berasosiasi dalam ekosistem lamun, dimana terdapat berbagai jenis ikan karang, Mollusca, Cnidaria, dan Echinodermata yang meningkatkan daya dukung ekowisata lamun yang juga didukung dengan hasil persepsi masyarakat yang mendukung dan ingin berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan ekowisata pada ekosistem lamun. Marine ecotourism is a sustainable tourism activity that utilized coastal and marine resources. These resources can be devided into natural resources and human resources that both of which can be sinergized and integrated for ecotourism use. Seagrass ecotourism is one of the potential ecotourism that seagrass ecosystem is one of the ecosystems in coastal areas with an important role in protecting the coastal area. The purpose of this research is to determine the potential of seagrass ecosystem to support marine ecotourism in Panjang Island by also looking at the coverage percentage, environmental parameters, and the abundance of associated biotas. The research method used is direct observation method. Direct observation method is a method of collecting data by directly observing and measuring the object that being observed. The data collection method uses method by LIPI that uses quadrant transects of 50 x 50 cm. The results indicate that there’s at least five species of seagrass can be found in Panjang Island Waters, which is: Thallasia hemprichii, Cymodocea rotundata, Cymodocea serrulata, Enhalus acoroides, and Halophila ovalis. The highest coverage density of seagrass is Thallasia hemprichii in station 1, and the lowest coverage density is Halophila ovalis in station 1. Panjang Island Waters also have the potential of associated biotas in the seagrass ecosystem, where there are various types of reef fishes, Molluscas, Cnidarias, and Echinodermatas that can increase the potential of seagrass ecotourism which are also supported by the results of the community’s perception that support and want to participate in ecotourism activities in the seagrass ecosystem of Panjang Island.

Correlational Study Regarding the Attention of the Preparatory Class Students to the Physical Education and Sport Lesson

ABSTRACT. Introduction: There are disorders that cannot be observed only with the naked eye and tend to be confused with lack of intelligence, in this category falling attention deficit. Objectives: The study aimed to analyze correlations between the level of attention and gender of children in the preparatory class, to highlight differences between girls and boys, as well as to identify the existence of increased attention of each gender, depending on the time of the lesson physical education and sport. Methods: Two specific tests were used: The Toulouse-Pieron Test (1982) and The Raven Progressive Matrices (1938). After applying the tests, for a period of 2 months, the direct observation method was applied. This study involved 51 children, including 22 girls and 29 boys, from the preparatory class. Results: The link between the level of attention and the gender of the students was demonstrated, at ρ = 0.773, with a significance threshold of .000, which shows the very significant association between the 2 variables. Obtaining a coefficient t = 7.758 and a significance threshold of .000, highlights the existence of a very statistically significant difference between the two groups. There was also a distinct degree of attention between the 2 genres, which fluctuated depending on the activity proposed. Conclusions: Girls have a higher degree of attention than boys, there is a link between the gender of students and the focus on certain tasks; girls are more attentive than boys to moments that involve bodily expression activities, while boys are more attentive than girls to competitive activities.

A expressão de singularidades em gêneros narrativos análise da classificação de fanfictions

The objective was to understand how fanfiction narrative genres are classified in repositories, describing the users perceptions and motivations to accomplishthe indexing. The research is descriptive and exploratory, with the Intensive Direct Observation method in virtual groups of fans who write and consume fanfictions;the data supported a qualitative analysis of the fanfictions narrative genres used in theirindexingin digital repositories. The analysis demonstrated that many of narrative genres used in the repositories express concern with the representation of gender, sexual and physical aspects. Furthermore, natural language words, neologisms and other foreignwords are re-semantized to represent narrative genres. It was concluded that narrative genres are used to classify the stories, to express singularities andtogive representation to demands of marginalized groups of the publishing market.

Linguistic Signs in Slang Used in Drug Trading Transactions in Padang City

The research discussed the linguistic sign in slang language used in drug transactions. Slang language was found based on interviews conducted with drug dealers and drug users in Ranah Parak Rumbio, South Padang subdistrict, Padang City. The aim of the research was to determine the signifier and signified found in drug slang language. Furthermore, the research determined the order of signification by analyzing the meaning of slang language based on its context. The data were obtained using the direct observation method. This was achieved by using interview techniques. The interviews were conducted with three informants. There were two men who used to be drug dealers and former drug users, and a woman who was an observer and anti-drug activist. Furthermore, the data were analyzed by using equalizing and differentiation techniques. Data analysis was carried out using semiotic by referring to the linguistic signs theory proposed by Saussure and the theory of order of signification by Barthes. In conclusion, it is found that slang is formed in word categories, abbreviations, and phrases. Then, the factors of language are also considered, such as time and place of the background, the number of participants in the interaction, talking topic, and interaction function. These factors then determine the use of slang terms between drug users and dealers.

NILAI-NILAI KEAGAMAAN DALAM PARIKAN GONDANGKELI TARI TOPENG LENGGER WONOSOBO Religius Value of Parikan Gondangkeli in Wonosobo's Lengger Mask Dace Performance

AbstrakParikan Gondangkeli merupakan salah satu sastra lisan yang sarat dengan nilai-nilai keagamaan. Parikan sangat menarik untuk dikaji sebab sepengetahuan peneliti kajian terhadap parikan ini masih sangat sedikit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan nilai-nilai keagamaan yang terdapat dalam Parikan Gondangkeli Tari Topeng Lengger Wonosobo. Pendekatan yang digunakan untuk meneliti parikan tersebut adalah pendekatan pragmatik, sebuah pendekatan dalam penelitian sastra yang akan menguak kebermanfaatan suatu karya sastra bagi masyarakat. Teori yang digunakan sebagai dasar telaah terhadap parikan tersebut adalah teori dimensi religiositas yang dikemukakan oleh Glock dan Stark. Data penelitian ini adalah sebuah parikan yang berjudul Parikan Gondangkeli. Parikan tersebut merupakan salah satu parikan yang digunakan untuk mengiringi seni pertunjukan Tari Topeng Lengger Wonosobo. Data didapatkan dengan menggunakan metode telaah pustaka dan metode observasi atau metode pengamatan langsung ke lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dimensi religiositas yang terepresentasi dalam Parikan Gondangkeli Tari Topeng Lengger Wonosobo adalah 1) dimensi religiositas keyakinan atau ideologi; 2) dimensi ritualistik; 3) dimensi ihsan; 4) dimensi pengetahuan atau pengalaman; dan 5) dimensi pengamalan dan konsekuensi.Kata Kunci: nilai-nilai, keagamaan, parikan GondangkeliAbstractParikan Gondangkeli is an oral literature in the tradition of both poetry and dance set within rich religious values. The parikan is very interesting to be investigated due to the lack of study of the area. This study aims to describe the religious values in the Gondangkeli Parikans performed in Lengger Wonosobo Mask Dance. The approach applied in this research is a pragmatic approach, an approach in literary research that reveals the usefulness of a literary work for society. The theory applied as the basis for the analysis is the theory of dimensions of religiosity put forward by Glock and Stark (1972). The data of this research cover any lines of parikan entitled Parikan Gondangkeli. The parikan is one of the various parikans sang as a accompaniment in the performing arts of the Wonosobo Lengger Mask Dance. A literature review and observation methods or direct observation method are applied in the data collecting procedure. The findings of this research show that the dimensions of religiosity represented in the Parikan Gondangkeli cover 1) religious belief; 2) ritualistic; 3) external practise, 4) religious exclusivity (knowledge or experience); and 5) personal practice and consequence dimensions.Keywords: values, religiosity, parikan of Gondangkeli