Development of a shear forming envelope for carbon fibre non-crimp fabrics

Our research aims to develop a shear forming envelope for the preforming of textiles, a critical step in the manufacture of fibre-reinforced composite materials. This paper demonstrates the progress towards this aim by conducting picture frame tests to empirically determine the locking angle of non-crimp fabrics with different fibre orientations. While conventional shear tests typically utilise woven textile samples with orthogonal fibre directions of 0°/90°, the investigation of non-crimp fabrics, especially with non-standard fibre orientations, is less common. As a result, there is little knowledge about the shear deformation behaviour of these fabric types, despite their relevance to the aerospace industry. In this study, the shear locking angles of various carbon fibre non-crimp fabrics are investigated, gradually reducing the relative fibre angles of the textile materials from ±45° to ±22.5°. Previously, it was observed that unidirectional 0° reinforcement layers induce draping defects when forming multiaxial non-crimp fabric stacks into curved aerospace stiffeners. Their substitution by reinforcements with smaller cross-ply angles such as ±30° resulted in better formability and reduced defects. It is however unclear, how the shear locking angle decreases with more acute cross-ply angles. Here, we report for the first time a correlation between the fibre orientation of the non-crimp fabric and its shear locking angle. The resulting shear forming envelope provides composite design and manufacturing guidance for an enhanced utilisation of the advantageous but anisotropic properties of carbon fibre textiles.

Functional Context Affects Scene Processing

Rapid visual perception is often viewed as a bottom–up process. Category-preferred neural regions are often characterized as automatic, default processing mechanisms for visual inputs of their categorical preference. To explore the sensitivity of such regions to top–down information, we examined three scene-preferring brain regions, the occipital place area (OPA), the parahippocampal place area (PPA), and the retrosplenial complex (RSC), and tested whether the processing of outdoor scenes is influenced by the functional contexts in which they are seen. Context was manipulated by presenting real-world landscape images as if being viewed through a window or within a picture frame—manipulations that do not affect scene content but do affect one's functional knowledge regarding the scene. This manipulation influences neural scene processing (as measured by fMRI): The OPA and the PPA exhibited greater neural activity when participants viewed images as if through a window as compared with within a picture frame, whereas the RSC did not show this difference. In a separate behavioral experiment, functional context affected scene memory in predictable directions (boundary extension). Our interpretation is that the window context denotes three-dimensionality, therefore rendering the perceptual experience of viewing landscapes as more realistic. Conversely, the frame context denotes a 2-D image. As such, more spatially biased scene representations in the OPA and the PPA are influenced by differences in top–down, perceptual expectations generated from context. In contrast, more semantically biased scene representations in the RSC are likely to be less affected by top–down signals that carry information about the physical layout of a scene.

The Interruption (Picture Frame)

This chapter uses Dante Gabriel Rossetti’s reframing of his painting The Salutation of Beatrice to consider the significance of Dante’s decision to present Beatrice’s death as an interruption that cuts off his composition of a canzone with the beginning of Jeremiah’s Lamentations. Exploring the adaptations of Dante’s fracture in Barthes, Glück, and Goodman, this chapter highlights Dante’s formal innovation which also interrupts the rhythm of reading that Dante uses the divisions to establish and then upset after Beatrice’s death. The chapter also explores the larger political implications of Dante’s quotation of Lamentations, which were controversially elaborated by Gabriele Rossetti, but anticipate Dante’s bold presentation of Beatrice in Earthly Paradise, where he overcomes his personal mourning by situating Beatrice in a broad political procession of world history.

Quality Improvements of Camera Captured Pictures using Blind and Non-blind Deconvolution Algorithms

Camera captured image is a set of three-dimensional picture frame. This picture frame is a set of different characteristics and parameters. Captured picture suffers from image blurring parameters. These blurring parameters are created by camera misfocus, motion, atmospheric causes, camera sensor noise etc. Thus, captured picture is represents the blurry image format due to lot of interferences occurs in the surrounding background and picture captured device. Hence, some information is corrupted i.e. degradation occurs in the camera captured picture. Therefore, it needs to reconstruct the original picture using image restoration process. Restoration operation includes different image deblurring algorithms such as Non-blind deconvolution and Blind deconvolution algorithms. Non-blind deconvolution algorithms are more effective when blurring parameters of captured picture is known but Blind deconvolution algorithm recover the blurry image without prior knowledge about blurring parameters.

Functional Context Affects Scene Processing

Rapid visual perception is often viewed as a bottom-up process. Category-preferred neural regions are often characterized as automatic, default processing mechanisms for visual inputs of their categorical preference. To explore the sensitivity of such regions to top-down information, we examined three scene-preferring brain regions, the occipital place area (OPA), the parahippocampal place area (PPA), and the retrosplenial complex (RSC), and tested whether the processing of outdoor scenes is influenced by the functional contexts in which they are seen. Context was manipulated by presenting real-world landscape images as if being viewed through a window or within a picture frame; manipulations that do not affect scene content but do affect one’s functional knowledge regarding the scene. This manipulation influences neural scene processing (as measured by fMRI): the OPA and PPA exhibited greater neural activity when participants viewed images as if through a window as compared to within a picture frame, while the RSC did not show this difference. In a separate behavioral experiment, functional context affected scene memory in predictable directions (boundary extension). Our interpretation is that the window context denotes three-dimensionality, therefore rendering the perceptual experience of viewing landscapes as more realistic. Conversely, the frame context denotes a two-dimensional image. As such, more spatially-biased scene representations in the OPA and the PPA are influenced by differences in top-down, perceptual expectations generated from context. In contrast, more semantically-biased scene representations in the RSC are likely to be less affected by top-down signals that carry information about the physical layout of a scene.