A Narrow Breathing Space. The Issue of Prisoners in Bishop János Vásárhelyi’s Correspondence between 1944 and 1945

"In his study, the author focuses on analysing how the issue of war prisoners and of Reformed civilians dragged away from their homes is presented in the corre-spondence of Bishop János Vásárhelyi, the leader of the Reformed Church District of Transylvania. He also discusses the steps the bishop could take to obtain the re-lease of the captives. The author lists a number of examples illustrating the measures implemented in September 1944 at first by the Hungarian military authorities leaving northern Transylvania and then by the Romanian and Soviet military authorities marching in and whisking along Hungarian ecclesiastical personalities and also members of the congregation. One can find out from the study the efforts Bishop János Vásárhelyi made to convince the Hungarian authorities to release the members of Romanian Greek Catholic and Orthodox high clergy they had in their custody, and afterwards how he attempted to obtain the release of the Reformed Church’s clergymen, teachers, and professors and also of one of his family members imprisoned by the Romanian authorities in Romanian lagers. Furthermore, the study points out the fact that in that period many Hungarians who were transported to the Soviet Union in large prisoner trains via Kolozsvár/Cluj asked for help too, and the bishop tried to help within the narrow margins and with the few means that he had. Keywords: Bishop, János Vásárhelyi, World War II, Reformed Church District of Tran-sylvania, prisoner, Groza."

Design and implementation of a Web application for Cultural Heritage

Within the field of Digital Humanities, a great effort has been made to digitize documents and collections in order to build catalogs and exhibitions on the Web. In this paper, we present WeME, a Web application for building a knowledge base, which can be used to describe digital documents. WeME can be used by different categories of users: archivists/librarians and scholars. WeME extracts information from some well-known Linked Data nodes, i.e. DBpedia and GeoNames, as well as traditional Web sources, i.e. VIAF. As a use case of WeME, we describe the knowledge base related to the Christopher Clavius’s corre spondence. Clavius was a mathematician and an astronomer of the XVI Century. He wrote more than 300 letters, most of which are owned by the Historical Archives of the Pontifical Gregorian University (APUG) in Rome. The built knowledge base contains 139 links to DBpedia, 83 links to GeoNames and 129 links to VIAF. In order to test the usability of WeME, we invited 26 users to test the application.

McKay Centralizer Algebras

International audience For a finite subgroup G of the special unitary group SU2, we study the centralizer algebra Zk(G) = EndG(V⊗k) of G acting on the k-fold tensor product of its defining representation V = C2. The McKay corre- spondence relates the representation theory of these groups to an associated affine Dynkin diagram, and we use this connection to study the structure and representation theory of Zk(G) via the combinatorics of the Dynkin diagram. When G equals the binary tetrahedral, octahedral, or icosahedral group, we exhibit remarkable connections between Zk (G) and the Martin-Jones set partition algebras.

Epistolary genre: «Holy letter» in cross-cultural context

Published letters of Burgenland’s Croats living in Chunovo on the border of Slovakia and Hungary are under consideration from the point of view of the features of the epistolary genre of the early XXth century. The cross-cultural context dictates the use of such lexemes and turns, which were possible only in this particular Slavic region. Against this background, the so-called “heavenly letter” stands out, which is a letter-amulet written on the eve of the First World War by a soldier and sent to his loved ones. The genre features of this letter are very different from the entire corre-spondence, which allows us to consider this text in a num-ber of so-called “Holy letters”.

Antimicrobial activity of enrofloxacin in vitro

Continuouse use of enrofloxacin contributes to emergence of enrofloxacin-resistant mi-crobial resistance, isolated and reported late-ly. In this study we deal with the spread of resistance of enrofloxacin among pathogenic organisms, infecting animals. The suscepti-bility to enrofloxacin was studied in standard disc diffusion assay. We studied 437 bacteri-al isolates in total. Salmonella dublin and Sal-monella typhimurium showed the highest suscepti-bility to enrofloxacin (100%); Salmonella enter-itidis and Salmonella choleraesuis proved a bit less susceptibility (95% and 94,7%). 5% of S. enter-itidis isolates and 5.3% of S. choleraesuis isolates had intermediate susceptibility. We did not register any resistance of isolates of Salmonella, Pasteurella and Morganella (Pasteurella multocida, Morganel-la morganii). 83.9% of Escherichiacoli strains proved susceptibility to enrofloxacin, the zone of retardation in 6.4% of the isolates was in corre-spondence with intermediate susceptibility, 9.7% of the isolates proved to be resistant. 90,9% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in our study was susceptible to enrofloxacin, 9.1% of them had intermediate susceptibility. The isolates of Strepto-coccus spp. and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius re-vealed high susceptibility to enrofloxacin, also as Listeria monocytogenes (causative agent of listeriosis)and Erysipe-lothrix rhusiopathiae (causative agent of swine erysipelas). 87.5% of the coagulase negative staphylococci proved susceptible to enrofloxacin; 6.25% of the isolates were resistant or had intermediate susceptibility. The shares of susceptible isolates of Staphylococcus hyicus, Staphylococ-cus aureus and Streptococcus uberis were respec-tively 65.1%, 75%, 75%. The shares of isolates with intermediate susceptibility of the same spp. were respectively 9.3%, 15%, 25%. The shares of resistant isolates of Staphylococci were respective-ly 25.6% and 10%. We found no strains of Str. uberis with resistance to enrofloxacin. As for Enterococci, 52.4% of the isolates were enrofloxacin-susceptible, 11,9% and 37,7% of them were re-spectively enrofloxacin-resistant or had intermedi-ate susceptibility. Presently most Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria have no resistance to enroflox-acin. Notwithstanding that enrofloxacin is signifi-cantly less effective against such pathogenic organ-isms as Staphylococci and Streptococci.

HEALTH OF STUDENTS AS A PROGNOSTIC MODEL OF NATION’S HEALTH

The paper presents the results of a 10-year monitoring of the health of a group of students, totaling more than three thousand people. Methods of research were: full-time, corre-spondence questioning using the «Health» test, which allowed to assess the level of health in terms of health indicators, adaptation, physical condition, and psycho-emotional status. The priority risk factor for the development of diseases is the unsatisfactory physical state. The results of the health program aimed at increasing physical endurance and general nonspecific adaptive reactions of the body. Recommendations for optimization of medical and sanitary services for students of higher educational institutions are grounded.

The Ambiguous Arms of Aeneas

Virgil subtly connects the scene of Dido’s discussion with her sister Anna about the new Trojan arrival Aeneas, and the later first arrival of the Trojans in Latium. By a careful corre-spondence between the two passages, Virgil portends the dark amatory rationale behind the sub-sequent outbreak of war in Italy