Recent Polish Case Law on the Application of the Ordre Public Exception in Case of Transcription (Registration) of Foreign Birth Certificates into the Domestic Register of Civil Status

This article is an overview of the recent Polish case law on the application of the ordre public exeption in case of transcription of foreign birth certificates in Poland. In recent times, the ordre public exception was applied to prevent the transcription of birth certificates that indicate same-sex couples as parents of a child and birth certificates of children born by surrogacy. Simultaneously, it was commonly assumed that the transcription is obligatory in order to obtain Polish identity documents. For that reason, the refusal of transcription meant in fact i.a. the inability to obtain Polish identity documents. It caused not only practical complications in everyday life but it was also a serious breach of rights.This article outlines the evolution of the transcription case law in Poland. Initially, the administrative authorities and the courts had been refusing the transcription due to its inconsistency with fundamental principles of the legal order. Subsequently, however, transcription was found admissible on the basis of the principle of the best interests of the child. Due to the divergence in the case law, the issue of transcription was the subject of the resolution of seven judges of the Supreme Administrative Court of 2 December 2019 (ref. no. II OPS 1/19). The resolution states that the transcription is contrary to the fundamental principles of the legal order. However, the resolution also underlines that the fact that a child is a Polish citizen may be confirmed solely by a foreign birth certificate so there is no need for transcription in order to obtain Polish identity documents.

Social Support Networks and Foreign-Birth Status Associated With Obesity, Hypertension and Diabetes Prevalence Among 21-30 and 50-70 Year Old Adults Living in the San Francisco Bay Area

Purpose: To examine whether social network characteristics of US-and foreign-born individuals are related to hypertension, diabetes and obesity prevalence. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Six San Francisco Bay Area counties. Participants: N = 1153 cohorts of young and older adults (21-30 and 50-70 years). Measures: Network structure and support measures were calculated using name elicitation and interpreter questions common in egocentric surveys. Hypertension and diabetes were self-reported, and overweight/obesity was determined using body mass index calculations. Foreign-birth status was based on country of birth. Analysis: Adjusted and unadjusted logistic regression models were used to examine associations between network characteristics and hypertension, diabetes and overweight/obesity. These relationships were tested for moderation by foreign-birth status, age and gender. Results: Higher percentages of family members (AOR = 4.16, CI: 1.61-10.76) and same-sex individuals (AOR = 3.41, CI: 1.25-9.35) in the composition of respondents’ networks were associated with overweight/obesity. Higher composition of family members (AOR = 3.54, CI: 1.09-11.48) was associated with hypertension. Respondents whose networks composed of higher numbers of advice individuals (AOR = 0.88, CI: 0.77-0.99), female respondents (AOR = 0.52, CI: 0.35-0.77) and foreign-born respondents (AOR = 0.54, CI: 0.32-0.92) were less likely to report overweight/obesity. Diabetes was associated with higher composition of individuals living within 5-minutes to respondents (AOR = 5.13, CI: 1.04-25.21). Conclusion: Family and network support members such as advice individuals could be potential targets for chronic disease prevention, particularly among older adults and immigrants.

THE COMMENTARY TO THE SUPREME ADMINISTRATIVE COURT RESOLUTION OF 2 DECEMBER 2019

The Supreme Administrative Court stated that the domestic regulations did not allow the transcription of a foreign birth certificate in which persons of the same sex are entered as parents. This position is against EU law.

The State and the Immigrant: Negotiating Nationalities in Later Medieval England

During the later Middle Ages, the presence of tens of thousands of people of foreign birth in England required royal government to consider issues of nationality and alien status. This study claims that the legal, administrative and fiscal framework for the rights and regulation of immigrants that was developed in response never created a straightforward binary between aliens (people born outside the kingdom) and denizens (those born in England). Drawing on the records of the alien subsidies and on chancery documents, it argues that the local agents of the English crown deployed national labels in very specific and purposeful ways, contingent on the vagaries of international politics and trade, rather than on a supposed generalised anti-alien sentiment.

Increasing Drug Resistance Among Persons With Tuberculosis in Massachusetts, 2009–2018

We examined Massachusetts tuberculosis surveillance data from to 2009 to 2018. Of 1533 culture-confirmed cases, 190 (12.4%) demonstrated resistance to isoniazid including 32 (2.1%) with rifampin resistance. In multivariable analysis, isoniazid resistance increased significantly over time (per-year odds ratio = 1.07, 95% confidence interval = 1.01–1.13, P = .018) and was associated with younger age, foreign birth, and prior tuberculosis treatment.

On the Knees of the Body Politic

This paper analyzes the fullest theoretical elaboration of the doctrine of the King’s Two Bodies in the Elizabethan period, Edmund Plowden’s Treatise on the Succession (1567). It argues that Plowden here deploys the King’s Two Bodies not, as has been thought, as a legal proof against the foreign birth of Mary Queen of Scots, but as a way of embodying and sacralizing the disputed historical relations of England and Scotland. Plowden’s sacralizing metaphors of embodiment transform the highly contentious English claim of Scotland’s historic vassalage into the indisputable and timeless truth of political theology.

Countess Julie Pappenheim

Set in Pappenheim, Germany, in 1947, the chapter continues the theme of nature vs. nurture by introducing John Shalikashvili’s great aunt, Countess Julie Pappenheim. As European aristocracy, the countess symbolizes the rights and responsibilities of power and nobility (noblesse oblige) as well as the question of identity and commitment—all key themes for an officer, particularly one of foreign birth, rising through the US armed forces. It also touches upon John Shalikashvili’s troubled youth, outlines the continued struggles faced by the family as war refugees in post-World War II Germany, and introduces Dimitri Shalikashvili, John Shalikashvili’s father.

The Chinese and Japanese in the Census

This chapter discusses the integration of Chinese and Japanese into the US census. The American census added a new race it termed “Chinese” to its questionnaires beginning in 1870 and “Japanese” in 1890. The remarkable thing is that what was a nationality immediately became a race as well. Since 1850, the place of birth of all inhabitants had been recorded, whether or not they were immigrants, and in the case of non-European immigrants, two categories of origin were involved: on the one hand, foreign birth, and on the other hand, race, which was transmitted to the following generations. In spite of their small numbers, Asian immigrants were the object of disproportionate attention in the US census, to the point that in 1920, out of nine possible racial categories, five were Asian.