Kombinasi Ekstrak Daun Kecombrang (Etlingera elatior) dan Daun Beluntas (Pluchea indica) sebagai Biolarvasida

Indonesia merupakan negara tropis dengan dua musim yaitu musim kemarau dan musim penghujan. Dimusim penghujan merupakan waktu untuk penyebaran penyakit demam berdarah dengue (DBD) oleh nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Kecombrang sudah lama digunakan sebagai bahan pangan dan bahan obat. Bagian bunga, daun, batang, dan rimpang kcombrang mengandung senyawa alkaloid, saponin, tanin, fenolik, flavonoid, triterpenoid, steroid, dan glikosida. Daun beluntas mengandung tannin dan alkaloid, selain itu juga mengandung flavonoid, fenol, saponin, dan minyak atsiri. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui efektvitas ekstrak daun kecombrang (Etlingera elatior) dan daun beluntas (Pluchea indica) sebagai biolarvasida terhadap larva nyamuk A.aegypti. Manfaat dari penelitian ini yaitu dapat mengetahui potensi dari ekstrak etanol daun kecombrang dan daun beluntas sebagai biolarvasida untuk A.aegypti. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai sumber pengetahun dari daun kecombrang dan daun beluntas sebagai bahan biolarvasida. Bahan yang digunakan menggunakan air sumur, daun kecombrang, daun beluntas, larva nyamuk A.aegypti, dan ethanol 96%. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan tujuh perlakuan dan ulangan sebanyak empat kali. Pengamatan dilakukan setelah 24 jam dengan cara menghitung larva yang mati dan dinyatakan dalam persen kematian. Selanjutnya hasil dianalisis menggunakan analisis probit untuk mengetahui nilai LC50. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu ekstrak daun kecombrang (E.elatior) dan daun beluntas (P.indica) positif mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoid/steroid, dan tannin serta negatif mengandung saponin. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu kombinasi dari kedua ekstrak ini memiliki potensi sebagai biolarvasida dengan nilai LC50 sebesar 910 ppm.

Effects of Etlingera elatior inflorescence extract on beneficial bacteria of the healthy human gut

Background: Etlingera species is an enduring plant in the Zingiberaceae family, with more than 100 species local to many countries. It has been utilized commonly as a culinary spice or eaten crude for its therapeutic impacts. This research is intended to study the effects of E. elatior inflorescence, which is commonly known as bunga kantan in Peninsular Malaysia, upon the microbiota of healthy human gut. Material and methods: The closed bud E. elatior inflorescence was cleaned and dried in the hot air oven and grounded into fine powder. The extract from the E. elatior inflorescence was obtained using hot water extraction method. The effects of the inflorescence extract on L. rhamnosus and L. acidophilus were studied through micro-broth dilution process where different concentration of sample was incorporated into a broth medium followed by the application of a standardized volume of Lactobacillus sp. into the medium of the 96 well plate. Results: Growth was seen in both L. rhamnosus and L. acidophilus, indicating that E. elatior inflorescence acted like a prebiotic towards L. acidophilus and L. rhamnosus Conclusion: E. elatior inflorescence concentrate acts like a prebiotic towards L. acidophilus incomparable to L. rhamnosus

The effect of Etlingera elatior J. flower on the pulmo histology of white rat (Rattus novergicus L.) after cigarette smoke exposure

Cigarette smoking is one of health issues that mainly harmed the lung due to its free radicals. Kecombrang (Etlingera elatior J.) is a medicinal plant known to have a high amount of antioxidant. This study aims to determine the effect of antioxidant in Etlingera elatior J. flower on the improvement of pulmonary histology of male white rats (Rattus novergicus L.) as the secondhand smoke (cigarette exposure). This research was conducted by experimental method with ethanol extract of Etlingera elatior J. flower and pulmonary organ of white male rats as the test materials. There were 25 white male rats that divided into 5 groups (Positive Control, Negative Control, P1: 30 mg/Kg, P2:60 mg/Kg, and P3:90 mg/Kg). The results were statistically analyzed using One Way ANOVA test and Duncan’s test. The results showed a decreased amount of damage at P1, P2 and P3 groups. The statistical analysis showed that Etlingera elatior J. flower extract had a significant effect (p <0.05) on the histological improvement in each group. Group P2 shows the lowest rate of damage that it can be concluded the most effective dose in repairing the damage to rat pulmonary histology due to exposure of cigarette smoke.

Optimization of Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction Process on Antioxidant Activity of Honje Fruit Extract (Etlingera elatior) Using Surface Response Method

Honje fruit (Etlingera elatior) contains bioactive compounds as antioxidants. An antioxidant can be obtained by extraction. This research aimed to determine the best combination of solvent amount and extraction time to produce the optimal yield and antioxidant activity. The extraction method was UAE (Ultrasound Assisted Extraction) using ethanol 96% solvent amount 125 mL to 250 mL and time level of 30 to 60 minutes. The RSM (Response Surface Methodology) in the Design Expert 11 application was used to arrange the extraction combination treatment, which resulted in 13 runs. Parameters analyzed were total yield, antioxidant activity, pH, specific gravity, and color. The results showed that total yield was revealed quadratic, Y1 = 19.05 – 1.76A + 0.32B – 0.002AB + 0.023A2 – 0.0005B2 and the antioxidant activity was revealed linear, Y2 = 408.147 – 6.424A + 0.326B. The optimum treatment was achieved in the amount of solvent 174.815 ml and extraction time of 60 minutes resulted in a total yield of 17.125% and antioxidant activity of 77.55 ppm that could be classified as strong.

Antibacterial activity of leaves, flowers, and fruits extract of Etlingera elatior from Nagan Raya District, Indonesia against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

Ernilasari, Walil K, Fitmawati, Roslim DI, Zumaidar, Saudah, Rayhannisa. 2021. Antibacterial activity of leaves, flowers, and fruits extract of Etlingera elatior from Nagan Raya District, Indonesia against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Biodiversitas 22: 4457-4464. Etlingera elatior is a medicinal plant that has been used by people in Indonesia, especially Acehnese people. Based on its secondary metabolites, E. elatior can be used as antibacterial agents against Gram-positive and Gram-negative. However, to determine the antibacterial activity of E. elatior, the parts of E. elatior that have been used are leaves, flowers, and fruits. This study was aimed to determine the best concentration of ethanol extract of leaves, flowers, and fruits of E. elatior as an inhibitor against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The extract was made by the maceration method with 70% ethanol as a solvent. Antibacterial activity test was carried out by the diffusion agar method using concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%. The results showed that the fruit extract of E. elatior has antibacterial activity with an effective inhibitory zone at a concentration of 2% is 8.4 mm (E. coli) and 2.4 mm (S. aureus). Meanwhile, antibacterial activity the extract of leaves and flowers against E. elatior cannot determine yet. Identification of leaves, flowers and fruits extract of E. elatior using GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy) showed 56 compounds were detected.

Etlingera elatior leaf agricultural waste as activated carbon monolith for supercapacitor electrodes

Recently, biomass waste has become the focus of several researchers because it has promising potential when processed into porous activated carbon. Abundant availability, uncomplicated processing, and more economical are the reasons for choosing biomass as the basic material for making carbon electrodes for electric energy storage supercapacitors. In this study, Etlingera elatior waste biomass is processed into activated carbon by heating at high temperature and impregnation of 0.5 M ZnCl2. The monolith sample was optimized through a single-stage integrated high-temperature pyrolysis process. Where the process of carbonization of N2 gas from a temperature of 30 °C to 600 °C followed by a physical activation process of CO2 gas to a temperature of 800 °C. Determination of the physical properties of the electrodes through density characterization, while the electrochemical properties were analyzed by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge discharge methods. Cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge discharge analysis were performed with 1 M Na2SO4 aqueous electrolyte at a voltage of 0–1 V and a scan rate of 1 mV/s. Furthermore, the high electrochemical behavior of the CV method was found to be 108 F/g, while for the gcd method, the specific capacitance was much higher at 148 F/g at a constant current density of 1.0 A/g. Further calculations found an energy density of 8.23 Wh/kg and a power density of 161 W/kg. These results support the optimization of 0.5 M ZnCl2 impregnated Etlingera elatior leaves as the base material for activated carbon electrodes to increase the supercapacitor capacitance.