Quality of Life in Presbyopes with Low and High Myopia Using Single-Vision and Progressive-Lens Correction

This study evaluates the impact of the severity of myopia and the type of visual correction in presbyopia on vision-related quality of life (QOL), using the refractive status and vision profile (RSVP) questionnaire. A total of 149 subjects aged 41–75 years with myopic presbyopia were recruited: 108 had low myopia and 41 had high myopia. The RSVP questionnaire was administered. Rasch analysis was performed on five subscales: perception, expectation, functionality, symptoms, and problems with glasses. Highly myopic subjects had a significantly lower mean QOL score (51.65), compared to low myopes (65.24) (p < 0.001). They also had a significantly lower functionality score with glasses (49.38), compared to low myopes (57.00) (p = 0.018), and they had a worse functionality score without glasses (29.12), compared to low myopes (36.24) (p = 0.045). Those who wore progressive addition lenses (PAL) in the high-myope group (n = 25) scored significantly better, compared to those who wore single-vision distance (SVD) lenses (n = 14), with perception scores of 61.19 and 46.94, respectively (p = 0.029). Highly myopic presbyopes had worse overall QOL and functionality, both with and without glasses, compared to presbyopes with low myopia. High-myopic PAL users had a better perception outcome than SVD lens wearers. Low-myopic PAL wearers had a better QOL than SVD wearers.

朝鮮女訓書的歷史發展與視覺教化意涵

<p>本文分別就朝鮮前期與後期考察朝鮮時代女訓書的歷史發展及針對女性之視覺教化的情形，並試圖闡明其意義。從朝鮮前期到中期，乃至於近代初期，「教化」與「鑑戒」的定型是以圖像表現女性的主要前提之一。教化與鑑戒在將女性形象表現於圖像上發揮關鍵作用，其緊密的關聯性提醒吾人必須研究視覺圖像在以女性為教化對象時發揮的功能與意義。朝鮮時代女訓書以及針對女性之視覺教化，在朝鮮初期以王室主導的賢妃與身體犧牲型烈女形象為主；在此基礎上，朝鮮後期轉向以士大夫為主導，加入更多貼近日常生活的內容。朝鮮後期將日常生活中必須恪遵的規範，以日常生活中隨處可見的屏風形式呈現，這種視覺教化必須以婚後居住型態普遍由婦處制轉變為夫處制的夫家生活為前提。換言之，此一現象呈現了朝鮮後期父權家長制高度發展的一個指標。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>This paper examines the historical development of Confucian Women’s classics[女訓書] in the Joseon Dynasty and the aspects of visual correction for women in the early and late Joseon periods, and explores their meaning. Enlightenment and sensation were one of the main premise of expressing women in paintings from Joseon Dynasty to mid-term through early modern times. Enlightenment and sensation were acting on the basis of allowing women to be settled as icons, and the closeness reminds us of the need to consider the role and meaning of visual image in enlightenment. In the early Joseon Dynasty, the Confucian Women’s classics and visual edification for women were mainly based on the statue of the Hyun-bi[賢妃] led by the royal family and a physically sacrificed female figure. In addition to this, in the latter part of the Joseon Dynasty, more closely related contents were added to the daily life, as the Sadaebu[士大夫] became the center. Visualization in the form of a folding screen that can be seen in everyday life focuses on the contents that can be performed in married life in the home of the husband’s parents in the late Joseon Dynasty. In other words, this change is an indicator of the patriarchy advanced in the late Joseon Dynasty.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>

BENEFITS OF ANDROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY AND AUDIO-VISUAL CORRECTION INCLUSION IN THE PREVENTION OF PREMATURE AGING

С возрастом происходят изменения в обмене веществ, репродуктивной и нервной системах, имеющие системный и взаимосвязанный характер. Цель работы - демонстрация эффективности аудиовизуальной коррекции и терапии препаратами тестостерона в дополнение к стандартной терапии полиморбидной патологии. Обследованы 89 мужчин 35-55 лет с сахарным диабетом 2-го типа, полиморбидной сердечно-сосудистой патологией, избытком массы тела или ожирением, андрогенным дефицитом и тревожно-депрессивными расстройствами, которых разделили на три группы в зависимости от проводимого лечения: 1-я - стандартная терапия и эсциталопрам/тофизопам; 2-я - стандартная терапия + аудиовизуальная коррекция; 3-я - стандартная терапия + аудиовизуальная коррекция + тестостерон ундеканоат. До начала лечения и через 9 мес после всем пациентам проведено лабораторное обследование. Выраженность андрогенодефицита и эректильной дисфункции определяли с помощью опросников МИЭФ-5 и Шкалы старения мужчины AMS. Выявлено снижение уровня тестостерона, признаки эректильной дисфункции и симптомы андрогенодефицита от умеренной степени выраженности до выраженной, повышение атерогенных и снижение антиатерогенных липопротеидов, повышение уровня глюкозы, гликированного гемоглобина, инсулина, индекса HOMA . После лечения выявлено более значимое улучшение липидного профиля при использовании аудиовизуальной коррекции, а аудиовизуальная коррекция и терапия андрогенами способствовали улучшению показателей эректильной функции и снижению степени выраженности симптомов старения у мужчин. There are changes in the metabolism, reproductive and nervous systems with ageing, which have a systemic and interrelated nature. The purpose of this work was to demonstrate the effectiveness of audiovisual correction and therapy with testosterone drugs in addition to the standard therapy in patients with polymorbid pathology. 89 men aged 35-55 years old with diabetes mellitus, polymorbid cardiovascular disease, obesity, anxiety and depressive disorders were examined. They were divided into 3 groups depending on the treatment: the 1 - standard therapy and escitalopram / tofisopam; the 2 - standard therapy + audiovisual correction; the 3 - standard therapy + audiovisual correction + testosterone undecanoate. Laboratory examination was carried out in all patients before the start of treatment and 9 months after the treatment. The severity of androgen deficiency was determined using IIEF-5 questionnaire and the AMS male aging scale. In was shown a decrease in testosterone levels, signs of erectile dysfunction and symptoms of moderate to severe androgen deficiency, increased proatherogenic and decreased antiatherogenic lipoproteins, increased glucose, glycated hemoglobin, insulin, HOMA index in our study. In group of audiovisual correction we saw a more significant improvement in the lipid profile after treatment. Audiovisual correction and androgen therapy contributed to the improvement of erectile function indices and a decrease in the severity of the symptoms of ageing in men.

Maintaining a Normal Level of Plasma Bioregulators on the Background of Daily Wearing Corrective Underwear in Women with Developing Gynoid Obesity

In modern society, obesity in women in developed countries retains its widespread prevalence. Much attention to this problem is caused by the current increase in the number of cases of obesity among middle-aged women who are not able to regularly experience muscular loads in the form of exercises and comply with various dietary restrictions. In this regard, there is a need for cosmetic correction of their figure in the presence of minimal effort on the part of women with signs of obesity. The solution to this problem may be the wearing of corrective clothing, which is able to effectively reduce the volume dimensions of the body through a soft mechanical impact on it in problem areas. In the work carried out, the safety assessment of the long wearing of the author's version of the trousers was carried out taking into account the dynamics of the plasma level of functionally significant hemostasis biregulators for half a year. It was found that women with obesity 1 degree, wearing corrective clothing, there was a persistent preservation of the indicators taken into account within the normal range. The great advantage of using the author's version of corrective clothing for women with obesity was the upcoming visual reduction of their body sizes in the area of ​​application of the product. At the same time, all women under observation maintained a consistently normal plasma level of hemostasis regulators corresponding to the control values. The results obtained allow us to consider the author's corrective clothing as a complete and safe component of the visual correction of the manifestations of developing obesity in women.

The Indifference of Daily Wearing of Corrective Linen in Relation to Platelet Activity in Women of Second Adulthood with First Degree Hypoid Obesity

Despite the long and systematic efforts of modern medicine, obesity in women in developed countries is still a fairly common condition. Particular attention to this problem is caused by an increase in recent years in the number of cases of this pathology among women of working age who do not have the opportunity to regularly visit fitness halls and comply with various dietary restrictions. In this connection, the problem arises of cosmetic correction of their figures with minimal costs and efforts on the part of women. An exit from the given situation can be wearing corrective clothes, capable to lower volumetric sizes of a body by mechanical influence on it in problem sites. In the work, an evaluation was made of the safety of prolonged wearing of the author's version of the trousers, taking into account hematological and haemostasiological indices. It was found that in women with obesity of grade 2, who received this correction, there was a persistent retention of the measured values ​​within the limits of the norm. The use of the author's version of corrective clothing in women with obesity was accompanied by a visual decrease in the size of their body at the place of wearing the used product. At the same time they had a stably normal level of platelet aggregation, corresponding to the values ​​of control. The obtained results allow to consider the author's corrective clothing as a full and safe component of visual correction of obesity manifestations in women.

119 Refraction Focus Hallucination: The Role of Increased Excitation at Thalamus in Complex Visual Hallucination

Study Objective(s)The pathogenesis of complex visual hallucination in patients without visual lesions, appearing with eyes open and resolving with eyes closed, has been described to be associated with increased excitation at the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and pulvinar of the thalamus (Winton-Brown, 2016). This reduces thefidelity of retinogeniculate transmissions and enhances aberrant projections to the visual cortex. Loss of the central sensory filtering function of the pulvinar increases “signal to noise ratio” in visual transmission. While visual hallucinations have been reported to disappear on eye closure (Manford, 1998), visual aberration with correction with refractionfollowed by focusing on actual visual images and visual hallucinations has not heretofore been reported. Such a case is presented.MethodCase study: This 28-year-old, myopic, right-handed man, at 5 years of age began hallucinating vivid images of people. The visual hallucinations were triggered only with his eye open. He was myopic and without visual correction, his visual sphere would be blurred. The visual hallucinations were also blurred without visual correction. With refraction, the hallucinations became clearly in focus. He would close his eyes and the visual hallucinations disappeared but would reappear in the same position upon opening his eyes. For over 20 years, he experienced about 100 hallucinations a day. Electroencephalography (EEG) revealed continuous spikes and slow waves in bilateral temporal lobes, consistent with temporal lobe status epilepticus. After treatment with diphenylhydantoin the frequency and duration of the hallucinations markedly decreased to a second epoch every other day. However, the characteristic of the hallucinations remained the same (people).ResultsThis phenomenon may involve epilepsy induced excitation of the thalamus. This then acts to reduce the fidelity of retinogeniculate transmission and increase “signal to noise ratio” in visual transmission. This may contribute to complex visual hallucinations with eyes open. The hallucinated figures becoming clearer with eyeglasses provides support that this complex hallucination arises in the pathway from retina-LGN-cortex, not from stored visual associated cortex of top-down cortical release.ConclusionsGiven the above, those with visual hallucinations should be queried as to the influence of refraction on the clarity of hallucination.FundingNo funding.