scholarly journals Voice-hearing across the continuum: a phenomenology of spiritual voices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Moseley ◽  
Adam Powell ◽  
Angela Woods ◽  
Charles Fernyhough ◽  
Ben Alderson-Day
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scales ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Standardized Assessments ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Multiple Modalities ◽  
Interdisciplinary Study ◽  
And Control ◽  
Symptom Rating ◽  
Spiritual Voice

Voice-hearing in clinical and non-clinical groups has previously been compared using standardized assessments of psychotic experiences. Findings from several studies suggest that non-clinical voice-hearing (NCVH) is distinguished by reduced distress and increased control. However, symptom-rating scales developed for clinical populations may be limited in their ability to elucidate subtle and unique aspects of non-clinical voices. Moreover, such experiences often occur within specific contexts and systems of belief, such as spiritualism. This makes direct comparisons difficult to interpret. Here we present findings from a comparative interdisciplinary study which administered a semi-structured interview to NCVH individuals and psychosis patients. The non-clinical group were specifically recruited from spiritualist communities. The findings were consistent with previous results regarding distress and control, but also documented multiple modalities that were often integrated into a single entity, high levels of associated visual imagery, and subtle differences in the location of voices relating to perceptual boundaries. Most spiritual voice-hearers reported voices before encountering spiritualism, suggesting that their onset was not solely due to deliberate practice. Future research should aim to understand how spiritual voice-hearers cultivate and control voice-hearing after its onset, which may inform interventions for people with distressing voices.

Persistence, Perseveration and Perfectionism in the Eating Disorders

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 462-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn Waller ◽  
Tonya Shaw ◽  
Caroline Meyer ◽  
Michelle Haslam ◽  
Rachel Lawson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
Eating Pathology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Eating Disordered ◽  
Eating Disorder Symptoms ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
And Control

Background: Perseveration, persistence and perfectionism are traits that have been suggested to be relevant to the eating disorders. This study explored the levels and correlates of these three traits in the eating disorders and control groups. Method: A measure of these three elements (the Persistence, Perseveration and Perfectionism Questionnaire - PPPQ-22) was administered to 99 women with eating disorders, 25 women with other psychiatric disorders, and 91 non-clinical women. Differences in PPPQ-22 scores across groups were measured, as were the associations between PPPQ-22 scores and eating attitudes. Results: The eating disordered groups showed lower levels of persistence (the drive towards goal achievement) than the non-clinical group, but did not show higher levels of perseveration (the following of rules, without considering whether goals are achieved). Both women with eating disorders and non-clinical controls showed correlations between eating disorder symptoms and perseveration. Conclusions: The current study, using a relatively new measure, suggests that low levels of persistence, rather than high levels of perseveration, may be implicated in the eating disorders. It was less clear that perfectionism per se was a useful construct in understanding eating pathology. If confirmed by future research, persistence should be considered in treatment of these complex and challenging conditions.

Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Haddock ◽  
J. McCarron ◽  
N. Tarrier ◽  
E. B. Faragher
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Symptom ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Symptom Rating

scholarly journals Social exclusion increases the executive function of attention networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huoyin Zhang ◽  
Shiyunmeng Zhang ◽  
Jiachen Lu ◽  
Yi Lei ◽  
Hong Li
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
Attention Networks ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Control

AbstractPrevious studies in humans have shown that brain regions activating social exclusion overlap with those related to attention. However, in the context of social exclusion, how does behavioral monitoring affect individual behavior? In this study, we used the Cyberball game to induce the social exclusion effect in a group of participants. To explore the influence of social exclusion on the attention network, we administered the Attention Network Test (ANT) and compared results for the three subsystems of the attention network (orienting, alerting, and executive control) between exclusion (N = 60) and inclusion (N = 60) groups. Compared with the inclusion group, the exclusion group showed shorter overall response time and better executive control performance, but no significant differences in orienting or alerting. The excluded individuals showed a stronger ability to detect and control conflicts. It appears that social exclusion does not always exert a negative influence on individuals. In future research, attention to network can be used as indicators of social exclusion. This may further reveal how social exclusion affects individuals' psychosomatic mechanisms.

scholarly journals Phony peach disease: past and present impact on the peach industry in the southeastern U.S.A

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendall A. Johnson ◽  
Clive H. Bock ◽  
Phillip M. Brannen
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Disease Epidemiology ◽  
Pathogen Diversity ◽  
Foundational Research ◽  
Global Threat ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Phony peach disease (PPD) is caused by the plant pathogenic bacterium Xylella fastidiosa subsp. multiplex (Xfm). Historically, the disease has caused severe yield loss in Georgia and elsewhere in the southeastern United States, with millions of PPD trees being removed from peach orchards over the last century. The disease remains a production constraint, and management options are few. Limited research has been conducted on PPD since the 1980s, but the advent of new technologies offers the opportunity for new, foundational research to form a basis for informed management of PPD in the U.S. Furthermore, considering the global threat of Xylella to many plant species, preventing import of Xfm to other regions, particularly where peach is grown, should be considered an important phytosanitary endeavor. Main topics We review PPD, its history and impact on peach production, and the eradication efforts that were conducted for 42 years. Additionally, we review the current knowledge of the pathogen, Xfm, and how that knowledge relates to our understanding of the peach—Xylella pathosystem, including the epidemiology of the disease and consideration of the vectors. Methods used to detect the pathogen in peach are discussed, and ramifications of detection in relation to management and control of PPD are considered. Control options for PPD are limited. Our current knowledge of the pathogen diversity and disease epidemiology are described, and based on this, some potential areas for future research are also considered. Conclusion There is a lack of recent foundational research on PPD and the associated strain of Xfm. More research is needed to reduce the impact of this pathogen on peach production in the southeastern U.S., and, should it spread internationally, wherever peaches are grown.

Ethnicity and Antipsychotic Response

1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1360-1369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edyta J Frackiewicz ◽  
John J Sramek ◽  
John M Herrera ◽  
Neil M Kurtz ◽  
Neal R Cutler
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Prescribing Practices ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
And Control

OBJECTIVE: To review the data generated by studies examining interethnic/racial differences in response to antipsychotics. DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE search (1966-19%) identified all articles examining differences in antipsychotic response among Caucasians, Asians, Hispanics, and African-Americans, as well as articles evaluating postulated mechanisms for these differences. STUDY SELECTION: All abstracts, studies, and review articles were evaluated. DATA SYNTHESIS: Ethnic/racial differences in response to antipsychotic medications have been reported and may be due to genetics, kinetic variations, dietary or environmental factors, or variations in the prescribing practices of clinicians. Studies suggest that Asians may respond to lower doses of antipsychotics due to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic differences. Research relevant to African-Americans is limited, but some studies suggest that differences in this group may be due to clinician biases and prescribing practices, rather than to pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic variability. CONCLUSIONS: Future research directed at validating the hypotheses that different ethnic/racial groups show variations in response to antipsychotics should focus on homogenous ethnic groups, use recent advances in pharmacogenetic testing, and control for such variables as observer bias, gender, disease chronicity, dietary and environmental factors, and exposure to enzyme-inducing and -inhibiting agents. Clinicians should be aware that potential interethnic/racial differences in pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics may exist that can alter response to antipsychotics.

Speech-Language Pathologists' Ratings of Speech Accuracy in Children With Speech Sound Disorders

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Linye Jing ◽  
Maria I. Grigos
Keyword(s):  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Training Procedure ◽  
Speech Sound Disorders ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Point Rating Scale ◽  
Whole Word

Purpose: Forming accurate and consistent speech judgments can be challenging when working with children with speech sound disorders who produce a large number and varied types of error patterns. Rating scales offer a systematic approach to assessing the whole word rather than individual sounds. Thus, these scales can be an efficient way for speech-language pathologists (SLPs) to monitor treatment progress. This study evaluated the interrater reliability of an existing 3-point rating scale using a large group of SLPs as raters. Method: Utilizing an online platform, 30 SLPs completed a brief training and then rated single words produced by children with typical speech patterns and children with speech sound disorders. Words were closely balanced across the three rating categories of the scale. The interrater reliability of the SLPs ratings to a consensus judgment was examined. Results: The majority of SLPs (87%) reached substantial interrater reliability to a consensus judgment using the 3-point rating scale. Correct productions had the highest interrater reliability. Productions with extensive errors had higher agreement than those with minor errors. Certain error types, such as vowel distortions, were especially challenging for SLPs to judge. Conclusions: This study demonstrated substantial interrater reliability to a consensus judgment among a large majority of 30 SLPs using a 3-point rating. The clinical implications of the findings are discussed along with proposed modifications to the training procedure to guide future research.

Abstract 212: Control of Diabetes And Cardiovascular Biomarkers

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramanjit Kaur ◽  
Abhishek Mewada ◽  
Vikas Veeranna ◽  
Sandip Zalawadiya ◽  
Krithi Ramesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Diabetes Status ◽  
Control Of Diabetes ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors ◽  
And Control

Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major cause of overall mortality even with optimal control. We sought to explore the association of novel biomarkers with mortality in a nationally representative cohort of adults based on DM status and control. Methods Adults (aged >20 years) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ( NHANES ) 1999-2008 we subdivided into four groups: no DM, Controlled DM, Uncontrolled DM and Evidence of DM but no formal diagnosis. Cox-proportional hazard analysis was performed to determine the association between novel biomarkers and mortality across the subgroups. Results Red cell distribution width (RDW) and homocysteine remained significant predictors of mortality beyond traditional risk factors (for age, sex, race, body mass index, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking and additionally for hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume and nutritional factor deficiencies) across all the DM subgroups in comparison to the other biomarkers. (Table 1). Conclusion RDW and homocysteine predict mortality irrespective of the diabetes status. These may be the potential targets for future research to ascertain the exact pathophysiologic mechanism.

Conspecific attraction for conservation and management of terrestrial breeding birds: Current knowledge and future research directions

The Condor ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathon J Valente ◽  
Christa L LeGrande-Rolls ◽  
James W Rivers ◽  
Anna M Tucker ◽  
Richard A Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Site Occupancy ◽  
Species Traits ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Social Cues ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Conspecific Attraction ◽  
Conservation Concern ◽  
And Control

Abstract Conspecific presence can indicate the location or quality of resources, and animals settling near conspecifics often gain fitness benefits. This can result in adaptive conspecific attraction during breeding habitat selection as demonstrated in numerous terrestrial, territorial birds. There is growing interest in using simulated conspecific social cues (e.g., decoys, broadcasted vocalizations) to manage bird distributions, yet it remains unclear when this approach is likely to succeed. We reviewed published studies to evaluate whether the strength of conspecific attraction in terrestrial birds is mediated by characteristics of species (life history traits), simulated cues (e.g., timing and duration), sites (e.g., quality), and how conspecific attraction was measured. We identified 31 experiments that simulated social cues and compared conspecific settlement between treatment and control sites. We then used phylogenetically controlled meta-regression to assess the impacts of 19 moderators on settlement. Nearly all species included in these experiments were migratory passerines, and social cues generally had a strong, positive influence on their settlement decisions, as the odds of site occupancy were 3.12× (95% CI: 0.81–11.69) greater in treatment sites relative to control sites. Within this group, conspecific attraction was evolutionarily conserved with ≥25.5% (95% CI: 5.1%–65.4%) of the variance in treatment effects explained by phylogenetic relatedness. However, we found no evidence that any covariates influenced the response to social cues, and we posit this stems from limited research specifically designed to identify the mechanisms mediating conspecific attraction. We therefore developed a research agenda that provides a framework for testing mechanistic hypotheses regarding how cue characteristics, species traits, and spatial contexts may mediate attraction to conspecifics. Evaluating these hypotheses will greatly advance the field by helping managers understand when, where, and why simulating social cues can be used to enhance populations of species that are of conservation concern.

scholarly journals Evaluating data quality collected by volunteers for first-level inspection of hydraulic structures in mountain catchments

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2681-2698 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. J. Cortes Arevalo ◽  
M. Charrière ◽  
G. Bossi ◽  
S. Frigerio ◽  
L. Schenato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Hydraulic Structures ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Civil Protection ◽  
Learning Session ◽  
Learning Group ◽  
Collection Methods

Abstract. Volunteers have been trained to perform first-level inspections of hydraulic structures within campaigns promoted by civil protection of Friuli Venezia Giulia (Italy). Two inspection forms and a learning session were prepared to standardize data collection on the functional status of bridges and check dams. In all, 11 technicians and 25 volunteers inspected a maximum of six structures in Pontebba, a mountain community within the Fella Basin. Volunteers included civil-protection volunteers, geosciences and social sciences students. Some participants carried out the inspection without attending the learning session. Thus, we used the mode of technicians in the learning group to distinguish accuracy levels between volunteers and technicians. Data quality was assessed by their accuracy, precision and completeness. We assigned ordinal scores to the rating scales in order to get an indication of the structure status. We also considered performance and feedback of participants to identify corrective actions in survey procedures. Results showed that volunteers could perform comparably to technicians, but only with a given range in precision. However, a completeness ratio (question/parameter) was still needed any time volunteers used unspecified options. Then, volunteers' ratings could be considered as preliminary assessments without replacing other procedures. Future research should consider advantages of mobile applications for data-collection methods.

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