Fitting the standard genetic code into its triplet table

Minimally evolved codes are constructed here; these have randomly chosen standard genetic code (SGC) triplets, completed with completely random triplet assignments. Such “genetic codes” have not evolved, but retain SGC qualities. Retained qualities are basic, part of the underpinning of coding. For example, the sensitivity of coding to arbitrary assignments, which must be < ∼10%, is intrinsic. Such sensitivity comes from the elementary combinatorial properties of coding and constrains any SGC evolution hypothesis. Similarly, assignment of last-evolved functions is difficult because of late kinetic phenomena, likely common across codes. Census of minimally evolved code assignments shows that shape and size of wobble domains controls the code’s fit into a coding table, strongly shifting accuracy of codon assignments. Access to the SGC therefore requires a plausible pathway to limited randomness, avoiding difficult completion while fitting a highly ordered, degenerate code into a preset three-dimensional space. Three-dimensional late Crick wobble in a genetic code assembled by lateral transfer between early partial codes satisfies these varied, simultaneous requirements. By allowing parallel evolution of SGC domains, this origin can yield shortened evolution to SGC-level order and allow the code to arise in smaller populations. It effectively yields full codes. Less obviously, it unifies previously studied chemical, biochemical, and wobble order in amino acid assignment, including a stereochemical minority of triplet–amino acid associations. Finally, fusion of intermediates into the final SGC is credible, mirroring broadly accepted later cellular evolution.

Helicity basis for three-dimensional conformal field theory

Three-point correlators of spinning operators admit multiple tensor structures compatible with conformal symmetry. For conserved currents in three dimensions, we point out that helicity commutes with conformal transformations and we use this to construct three-point structures which diagonalize helicity. In this helicity basis, OPE data is found to be diagonal for mean-field correlators of conserved currents and stress tensor. Furthermore, we use Lorentzian inversion formula to obtain anomalous dimensions for conserved currents at bulk tree-level order in holographic theories, which we compare with corresponding flat-space gluon scattering amplitudes.

Research on Dynamic Analysis and Mitigation Strategies of Supply Chains under Different Disruption Risks

Due to the globalization of supply and production, supply chain management has tightened the connection between upstream and downstream enterprises. Although this modern strategy has significantly improved the efficiency of enterprises, the increasingly complex relationship between nodes also makes the supply chain system more vulnerable and unstable. As a result, the interruption of any node location in the supply chain will spread to other nodes via their diffusion, which could cause irreparable damage to the entire supply chain. Therefore, under this realistic background, only by quantitatively analyzing the specific impact on the supply chain of interruption events in different locations we can formulate active and effective mitigation strategies to achieve the effective recovery of node enterprises from interruption accidents. In this study, the system dynamics method was used to simulate the changes in inventory level, order accumulation, and profit level caused by disruption of supply, production, and sales of different node companies. The results show that the closer the node enterprise to the interruption source, the greater the risk of loss. Due to the conduction effect of the supply chain system, the risk spreads to other node enterprises. Based on the above results, corresponding mitigation strategies for enterprises to cope with different node interruptions are proposed to improve the overall efficiency and operational capabilities of the enterprise.

Packing the Standard Genetic Code in its box: 3-dimensional late Crick wobble

Minimally-evolved codes are constructed with randomly chosen Standard Genetic Code (SGC) triplets, and completed with completely random triplet assignments. Such “genetic codes” have not evolved, but retain SGC qualities. Retained qualities are inescapable, part of the logic of code evolution. For example, sensitivity of coding to arbitrary assignments, which must be <≈ 10%, is intrinsic. Such sensitivity comes from elementary combinatorial properties of coding, and constrains any SGC evolution hypothesis. Similarly, evolution of last-evolved functions is difficult, due to late kinetic phenomena, likely common across codes. Census of minimally-evolved code assignments shows that shape and size of wobble domains controls packing into a coding table, shifting the accuracy of codon assignments. Access to the SGC therefore requires a plausible pathway to limited randomness, avoiding difficult completion while packing a highly ordered, degenerate code into a fixed three-dimensional space. Late Crick wobble in a 3-dimensional genetic code previously assembled by lateral transfer satisfies these varied, simultaneous requirements. By allowing parallel evolution of SGC domains, it can yield shortened evolution to SGC-level order, and allow the code to arise in smaller populations. It effectively yields full codes. Less obviously, it unifies well-studied sources for order in amino acid coding, including a minority of stereochemical triplet-amino acid associations. Finally, fusion of its intermediates into the definitive SGC is credible, mirroring broadly-accepted later events in cellular evolution.

Analysing the Cumulative Hierarchy of the Taxonomy of Learning Objectives in Flipped Classroom

The emergence of digital learning formats influences the planning and structuring of digital teaching. Especially in times of the Corona Pandemic, when many universities remain closed, new digital learning concepts are emerging that can be integrated into face-to-face teaching in future. In this context, old teaching formats are often revised and questioned. But while technology only determines the form of collaboration, the real quality of learning depends on cognitive trials that the teacher addresses to the students. To classify these trials, a teacher can use Bloom's revised taxonomy, which ranks Learning Objectives in a six-level order and assumes a cumulative hierarchy: achieving a required Learning Objective level includes all lower levels. Especially in blended learning scenarios, such as a Flipped Classroom, this theory can be used to develop the course structure and to form exam questions. However, the applicability of the cumulative hierarchy is controversial in the literature and is rarely analysed in blended learning courses. Our goal is therefore to verify the cumulative hierarchy in a Flipped Classroom Course and derive recommendations for action. Therefore, we use a quantitative written survey. Since the analysis is based on the students' perceptions, these are verified by correlation analysis with the actual exam results and the awareness of contents and activities. Afterwards, the cumulative hierarchy is tested by regression analysis of the different levels of Learning Objectives. As a result, it could be confirmed for all levels, but not always by direct but often by indirect influences of other levels.

PENGENDALIAN PERSEDIAAN BAHAN BAKU TEBU DI PG X

Sugarcane is one of the plantation crops which is used as raw material for making sugar. The efficiency of inventory is very important for a sugar factory. The purpose of this study is to determine the order level, order frequency, the amount of safety stock (Safety Stock), re-order points (sugarcane raw material) which is economical and to know the total inventory cost (Total Inventory Cost) of sugarcane raw material economical in PG X. The method of determining the area of ​​this research was carried out intentionally (purposive). The research method uses the descriptive-analytic method. The analytical tool used is Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), Re-Order Points (ROP), Safety Stock (SS), and Total Inventory Cost (TIC). The results of the 2018 and 2019 EOQ calculations show it is not yet economical. The 2018 EOQ calculation was 1.688,79 tons greater than the number of orders made by PG X by 1.483,9 tons and the 2019 EOQ calculation was 3.074 tons greater than the number of bookings made by PG X by 976,6 tons. The value of the safety stock in 2018 amounted to 1.483,9 tons and in 2019 it was 976,6 tons. The value of ROP in the supply of raw sugar cane in 2018 was 2.967,8 tons and in 2019 it was 1.953,2 tons. The 2018 TIC value is Rp. 139.031.870 smaller than the cost of inventory incurred by the company of Rp. 158.302.102 and the 2019 TIC value of Rp. 208.014.632 less than the cost of inventory incurred by the company of Rp. 654.250.185. The results of the last two years calculations indicate the inefficiency of orders made because it causes the frequency of orders is greater and the inventory costs incurred by PG X are higher., so with economic calculations, the order frequency will be less and the total cost of inventory will be lower.

socru: typing of genome-level order and orientation around ribosomal operons in bacteria

Rearrangements of large genome fragments occur in bacteria between repeat sequences and can impact on growth and gene expression. Homologous recombination resulting in inversion between indirect repeats and excision/translocation between direct repeats enables these structural changes. One form of rearrangement occurs around ribosomal operons, found in multiple copies across many bacteria, but identification of these rearrangements by sequencing requires reads of several thousand bases to span the ribosomal operons. With long-read sequencing aiding the routine generation of complete bacterial assemblies, we have developed socru, a typing method for the order and orientation of genome fragments between ribosomal operons. It allows for a single identifier to convey the order and orientation of genome-level structure and we have successfully applied this typing to 433 of the most common bacterial species. In a focused analysis, we observed the presence of multiple structural genotypes in nine bacterial pathogens, underscoring the importance of routinely assessing this form of variation alongside traditional single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing.