Application of Pd-Sn Modified Ru-Ir Electrode For Treating High Chlorine Ammonia-Nitrogen Wastewater

Electro-catalytic technology has attracted increasing attention as a promising approach for wastewater treatment, owing to its easy operation, minimal generation of secondary pollution, small foot-print and rapid start-up. In this work, the chlorine evolution potential of the Pd-Sn modified ruthenium(Ru)-iridium(Ir) electrode was investigated for electro-catalytic treatment of high chlorine ammonia-nitrogen wastewater. The effect of reaction conditions on the removal of ammonia-nitrogen, kinetics and apparent activation energy of the electro-catalytic treatment of ammonia-nitrogen were studied. The possible denitrification process of high chlorine ammonia-nitrogen wastewater treated by electrocatalysis was discussed. The results indicated that the chlorine evolution potential of the Pd-Sn modified Ru-Ir electrode was 1.0956 V(vs. SCE). The rule of electro-catalytic treatment of high chlorine ammonia-nitrogen conformed to zero-order kinetics, and the removal process was endothermic reaction with the apparent activation energy of 14.089 kJ/mol. With the current is 0.5 A, the removal efficiency of ammonia-nitrogen could achieve 100% at the reaction time of 40 min. Indirect oxidation played an essential role in the electro-catalytic ammonia-nitrogen removal using the Pd-Sn modified Ru-Ir electrode. This paper demonstrated that the electro-catalytic technology was a promising approach for efficiently treating the high chlorine ammonia-nitrogen wastewater.

Generation of Chow Parameters and Reduced Variables Through Nearest Neighbor Relations in Threshold Networks

Generation of useful variables and features is an important issue throughout the machine learning, artificial intelligence, and applied fields for their efficient computations. In this paper, the nearest neighbor relations are proposed for the minimal generation and the reduced variables of the functions in the threshold networks. First, the nearest neighbor relations are shown to be minimal and inherited for threshold functions and they play an important role in the iterative generation of the Chow parameters. Further, they give a solution for the Chow parameters problem. Second, convex cones are made of the nearest neighbor relations for the generation of the reduced variables. Then the edges of convex cones are compared for the discrimination of variables. Finally, the reduced variables based on the nearest neighbor relations are shown to be useful for documents classification.

Sandwich semigroups in diagram categories

This paper concerns a number of diagram categories, namely the partition, planar partition, Brauer, partial Brauer, Motzkin and Temperley–Lieb categories. If [Formula: see text] denotes any of these categories, and if [Formula: see text] is a fixed morphism, then an associative operation [Formula: see text] may be defined on [Formula: see text] by [Formula: see text]. The resulting semigroup [Formula: see text] is called a sandwich semigroup. We conduct a thorough investigation of these sandwich semigroups, with an emphasis on structural and combinatorial properties such as Green’s relations and preorders, regularity, stability, mid-identities, ideal structure, (products of) idempotents, and minimal generation. It turns out that the Brauer category has many remarkable properties not shared by any of the other diagram categories we study. Because of these unique properties, we may completely classify isomorphism classes of sandwich semigroups in the Brauer category, calculate the rank (smallest size of a generating set) of an arbitrary sandwich semigroup, enumerate Green’s classes and idempotents, and calculate ranks (and idempotent ranks, where appropriate) of the regular subsemigroup and its ideals, as well as the idempotent-generated subsemigroup. Several illustrative examples are considered throughout, partly to demonstrate the sometimes-subtle differences between the various diagram categories.

UTILIZATION OF GYPSUM-BEARING WASTES IN MATERIALS OF THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY AND OTHER AREAS

rational environmental management is one of the priorities of the technological development of the Russian Federation and most countries of the world. Particularly important in this area is the work undertaken with previously generated and accumulated waste, a whole group of which is gypsum-bearing wastes (GBW), which includes by-products of various industries: phosphogypsum, borogypsum, chlorogypsum, ferrogypsum, citrogypsum, vitamin gypsum, etc. GBW features are similar compositions, prevalence, perennial volumes of stored reserves with stable dynamics of annual growth. This determines the relevance of research on the development of a unified methodology for converting GBW of various types into target products particularly for construction purposes, providing maximum energy efficiency and minimal generation of secondary waste. The starting point of the research is the monitoring of approaches developed by the scientific community which are presented in the article. It is shown that researchers are exploring several main areas of GBW conversion: components of Portland cement and clinker; single and multicomponent binders; direct raw materials for the production of building materials; and road construction. The latter two directions have the greatest potential capacity for the consumption of GBW. The general level of research on the issue is not exhaustive, but has the potential to improve on existing methods of processing and application and promote the search for new and more efficient methods

Abstract 403: Generation of PreBeta1 High Density Lipoprotein by CSL112 in Human Plasma

The ability of apoA-I to remove cholesterol from atherosclerotic plaque is thought to underlie its inverse correlation with cardiovascular risk. CSL112 was designed as an infusible formulation of human apoA-I to rapidly remove plaque cholesterol and reduce risk after an ACS. We have recently shown that infusion of CSL112 into rabbits caused a strong and immediate increase in the ABCA1-dependent efflux capacity of plasma, an increase in plasma unesterified cholesterol and rapid subsequent esterification of the cholesterol. In the presence of human plasma, CSL112 was significantly more potent than human HDL 3 at enhancing cholesterol efflux, and the efflux elevation was predominantly via the ABCA1 transporter. Consistent with this observation, addition of CSL112 to plasma led to generation of high levels of PreBeta1-HDL, a favorable substrate for ABCA1. Phase 1 studies of CSL112 have confirmed the elevation of efflux capacity in humans and the rapid generation of PreBeta1. Here we examine the steps leading to formation of PreBeta1-HDL. Plasma spiked with 0.8 mg/mL CSL112 and held at 0[[Unable to Display Character: ⁰]]C did not increase PreBeta1-HDL levels. However, incubation at 37[[Unable to Display Character: ⁰]]C caused the generation of PreBeta1 that reached half-maximal levels at 15-20 min and maximal levels at 2 h (7-fold over baseline). By contrast, addition of HDL 3 to plasma caused minimal generation of PreBeta1-HDL at any time point. Native gradient gel electrophoresis showed that formation of PreBeta1 was accompanied by elevation in the size and protein content of HDL 3 and HDL 2 . These data suggest that the remarkable ability of CSL112 to elevate efflux and PreBeta1 derives from engaging plasma proteins in a process of lipoprotein remodeling.

Electrolytic Recycling of a Carbonate Salt in a Process With a Dissolution of Spent Nuclear Fuel in a Strong Alkaline Carbonate Media

A removal of only uranium from spent nuclear fuel with the concepts of a high proliferation-resistance and a minimal generation of waste is helpful for a spent fuel management in view of a volume reduction of the high level radioactive waste generated from the spent fuel treatment. That can be accomplished by a process using a selective oxidative dissolution of the spent fuel in a carbonate solution of high alkalinity. In this work, an electrolytic method for a decarbonation and a recovery of CO2 for recycling the used carbonate solution contaminated with some impurity metal ions generated in such a process with a concept of zero-release of waste solution was studied. A carbonate solution generated from such a system was confirmed to be completely recycled within the system, while the impurity ions being separated from the carbonate solution.