Impact of DST (Daylight Saving Time) on Major Trauma: A European Cohort Study

(1) Background: Approximately 73 countries worldwide implemented a daylight saving time (DST) policy: setting their clocks forward in spring and back in fall. The main purpose of this practice is to save electricity. The aim of the present study was to find out how DST affects the incidence and impact of seriously injured patients. (2) Methods: In a retrospective, multi-center study, we used the data recorded in the TraumaRegister DGU® (TR-DGU) between 2003 and 2017 from Germany, Switzerland, and Austria. We compared the included cases 1 week before and after DST. (3) Results: After DST from standard time to summertime, we found an increased incidence of accidents of motorcyclists up to 51.58%. The result is consistent with other studies. (4) Conclusion: However, our results should be interpreted as a tendency. Other influencing factors, such as time of day and weather conditions, were not considered.

How can we become more equal? Public policies and parents’ work–family preferences in Germany

This study examines how public policies affect parents’ preferences for a more egalitarian division of paid and unpaid work. Based on the assumption that individuals develop their preferences within a specific policy context, we examine how changes in three policies affect mothers’ and fathers’ work–family preferences: the availability of high-quality, affordable childcare; the right to return to a full-time job after having reduced hours to part-time and an increase in the number of ‘partner months’ in parental leave schemes. Analysing a unique probability sample of parents with young children in Germany from 2015 ( N = 1756), we find that fathers would want to work slightly fewer hours if they had the right to return to a full-time position after working part-time, and mothers would want to work slightly more hours if childcare opportunities were improved. Full-time working parents, moreover, are found to prefer fewer hours independent of the policy setting, while non-employed parents would like to work at least some hours. Last but not least, our analyses show that increasing the number of partner months in the parental leave scheme considerably increases fathers’ preferences for longer and mothers’ preferences for shorter leave. Increasing the number of partner months in parental schemes hence has the greatest potential to increase gender equality.

The Defence of New Zealand: the Formulation of Defence Policy in New Zealand

<p>The research examines the processes by which defence policy has been formed in New Zealand and draws links between structure, process and outcome. The structure of the unified Ministry of Defence as it operated between 1970 and 1989 is examined in detail as are the processes by which declaratory policy is formulated and finance allocated to support policy. The effect of restructuring of the central Ministry (to separate the predominantly civilian 'policy setting' area from the uniformed 'operational' area) in 1990 is considered and the conclusion is drawn that types of outcomes will not change significantly as a result of the restructuring. As part of the research, case studies from a range of issue areas are examined. The broad issue areas used are: policy formulation in times of change, the operational use of the armed forces and equipment procurement. Case studies include the events leading up to the effective demise of ANZUS, the maintenance of troops in South East Asia, decisions to deploy troops in support of foreign policy goals and a variety of equipment decisions. Declared policy and financial allocations to support declared policy are considered side by side with the outcomes revealed by the case studies. The thesis concludes that the defence policy formulation process is flawed because of the structure of the organisation and the closed nature of the process. The organisation is overly hierarchical with too many decision levels and has not completely adapted to the changing roles which have been required by differing definitions of defence policy. A number of methods of improving processes are suggested.</p>

The Defence of New Zealand: the Formulation of Defence Policy in New Zealand

<p>The research examines the processes by which defence policy has been formed in New Zealand and draws links between structure, process and outcome. The structure of the unified Ministry of Defence as it operated between 1970 and 1989 is examined in detail as are the processes by which declaratory policy is formulated and finance allocated to support policy. The effect of restructuring of the central Ministry (to separate the predominantly civilian 'policy setting' area from the uniformed 'operational' area) in 1990 is considered and the conclusion is drawn that types of outcomes will not change significantly as a result of the restructuring. As part of the research, case studies from a range of issue areas are examined. The broad issue areas used are: policy formulation in times of change, the operational use of the armed forces and equipment procurement. Case studies include the events leading up to the effective demise of ANZUS, the maintenance of troops in South East Asia, decisions to deploy troops in support of foreign policy goals and a variety of equipment decisions. Declared policy and financial allocations to support declared policy are considered side by side with the outcomes revealed by the case studies. The thesis concludes that the defence policy formulation process is flawed because of the structure of the organisation and the closed nature of the process. The organisation is overly hierarchical with too many decision levels and has not completely adapted to the changing roles which have been required by differing definitions of defence policy. A number of methods of improving processes are suggested.</p>

WHEN ‘HOMELAND’ IS NO LONGER ‘HOME’, THE IDENTITY CRISIS, THE LOSS OF MOBILITY, AND THEIR SOCIAL MEDIA CAMPAIGN ——A STUDY OF SOCIAL MEDIA TESTIMONIOS BY CHINESE TRANSNATIONAL WORKERS UNDER COVID-19 GLOBAL PANDEMIC

In this article, I apply narrative analysis to draw a picture on the life of Chinese transnational workers under Covid-19 global pandemic in 2020. I try to explore the identity, space, and emotion of Chinese transnational workers under the pandemic crisis through their testimonios on WeChat public space, which is their first-person written narratives on their bitter, and even traumatic experiences of being a transnational worker in countries under severe pandemic conditions but unable to find their way home. With Chinese government’s policy setting broad limitations on international flights, requirements of Corona virus nucleic acid testing before boarding, unaffordable flight tickets and the forced, self-financed 14-day quarantine after landing, China, as the homeland of Chinese transnational workers, closed its door and turned them away. However, their sufferings and stories are less covered by the media and known by the public. By posting testimonios in virtual space on WeChat, Chinese transnational workers from various destination countries tried to voice themselves and appeal for supports.

Rethinking Securities Law—Laying the Groundwork

This chapter explains the need for the “rethinking” of the federal securities laws, with particular emphasis on the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Recognizing the historical preeminence of the U.S. securities law framework, the chapter first highlights key attributes that facilitate the effectuation of this achievement. Thereafter, the chapter addresses problematic characteristics of U.S. securities regulation. As set forth therein, the framework of securities regulation that exists today in the United States is comprised of piecemeal federal legislation, judicial decisions, SEC action, state securities (blue sky) activity, and self-regulatory organization oversight. As a consequence, the presence of consistent and logical regulation all too often is absent. With frequency, in both transactional and litigation settings, mandates apply that are erratic and antithetical to sound public policy. Setting the stage, in a preliminary manner, the chapter identifies several of the key problematic areas, succinctly explains their deficiencies, and suggests corrective measures that should be implemented.

Promoting a safer Church? A critical discourse analysis of the Church of England’s safeguarding policy document

This article examines, by using principles of critical discourse analysis, the safeguarding policy of the Church of England as presented in the policy document Promoting a Safer Church. Overall, the document provides a succinct and comprehensive outline of the Church of England’s safeguarding policy, setting out a broad and whole-church approach to safeguarding that encompasses activities from prevention through to response and taking seriously the concerns of those who have been abused within the institution of the Church. However, the analysis also reveals some weaknesses of definition and accountability and an ongoing need, as highlighted by the recent Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse report, for a change in culture and behaviour within the Church.

FREE, PRIOR AND INFORMED CONSENT IN FULFILLING THE CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS OF CITIZENS IN THE MINING SECTOR

Based on data from the Directorate General of Mineral and Coal, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, in 2017, there are 9,353 Mining Business Licenses (MBL) with 9,074 MBLs entered in the DG of Mineral and Coal database. Of these, 6,565 MBLs passed the CnC requirements, while the remaining 2,509 MBLs were categorized as non-CnC. The focus of the problems studied are: (1) What is the Direction of Changes in Government Policy in the Mining Sector? (2) What is the relationship between Free, Prior and Informed Consent with the fulfillment of the constitutional rights of citizens in the mining sector? The method used in this study is doctrinal legal research focusing on sources of law. The result shows that (1) There are changes in government policy in the mining sector, which was only constrained in its implementation, but has now become more problematic because of the removal of the article on the imperative community participation; (2) In every policy setting, FPIC must be implemented and must be given to the community, especially those who are directly affected. Thus, FPIC can be said to be a form of community rights that must be fulfilled by the government as the licensor legally to fulfill the constitutional rights of its citizens.