Pattern Recognition System Program Advancement to Compensate Strip Expansion on 1-Map Strips

Package singulation process is where the whole strip was sheared to produce individual units. Existing singulation program for 1-map strip have only six (6) pattern recognition system (PRS) points along the whole strip with 240 mm length. Considering the length of the strip, it is prone with misalignment especially when the unit pitching is small. Due to a big gap of PRS points, the compensation of unit pitch has a significant variable value due to strip expansion that results to misalignment when not monitored. PRS works to calculate and compensate the appropriate alignment of the strip including the unit pitching. Distance between adjacent PRS points divided by the number of cut lines it covers results to the unit pitch. The lesser accumulation of strip expansion, the more it compensates and align with the actual unit pitch. Modification of PRS Program to add PRS points along the strip in order to lessen the distance between adjacent PRS points were made and results were promising compared with the existing with only 6 PRS points. It has been found out that unit pitch varies by adding PRS points that will compensate the expansion of the whole strip.

Proactive Verification of Strip Y-Index to Mitigate Gross Misaligned Cut due to Mismatched Unit Pitching

Shopfloor practices that when the first cut line was aligned with the hairline, actual blade cut, and saw street of the strip, the succeeding cut lines will automatically follow with the same alignment. Considering various factors that affect the condition of the strip, it was recommended to verify the succeeding cut lines of the strip to project if the hairline will still be aligned with the saw street as cutting goes on. Unfortunately, verification of succeeding cut lines was usually skipped and refer only with the first cut alignment as reference. Thus, end up risking the units for possible cutting misalignment. Cutting misalignment can be encountered when the programmed unit pitching measurement was mismatched with the actual unit pitch of the strip. However, mismatching of the unit pitch can be anticipated through y-indexing where the saw street of the strip will be verified for alignment with the hairline along the succeeding cut lines. Frequent occurrence of mismatched unit pitching was brought about by the strip condition after series of assembly processes that expands and retracts the strip. With the mentioned scenario which has been encountered from different semiconductor assembly plants, it was best to verify the y-indexing of the strip on top of verification on the first cut line alignment. Application of y-indexing verification is essential for the entrapment and correction of mismatched unit pitching. Rejection of units due to misaligned cuts can also be prevented. Assistance of operators to adjust and monitor the hairline to compensate the actual pitching was also avoided as early as first cut line verification.

Probabilistic estimation of spinning reserves in smart grids with Bayesian-driven reserve allocation adjustment algorithm

Purpose This study aims to introduce a methodology for optimal allocation of spinning reserves taking into account load, wind and solar generation by application of the univariate and bivariate parametric models, conventional intra and inter-zonal spinning reserve capacity as well as demand response through utilization of capacity outage probability tables and the equivalent assisting unit approach. Design/methodology/approach The method uses a novel approach to model wind power generation using the bivariate Farlie–Gumbel–Morgenstern probability density function (PDF). The study also uses the Bayesian network (BN) algorithm to perform the adjustment of spinning reserve allocation, based on the actual unit commitment of the previous hours. Findings The results show that the utilization of bivariate wind prediction model along with reserve allocation adjustment algorithm improve reliability of the power grid by 2.66% and reduce the total system operating costs by 1.12%. Originality/value The method uses a novel approach to model wind power generation using the bivariate Farlie–Gumbel–Morgenstern PDF. The study also uses the BN algorithm to perform the adjustment of spinning reserve allocation, based on the actual unit commitment of the previous hours.

Preventive Maintenance and Forced Outages in Power Plants in Korea

Maintaining high facility reliability in power plants is essential to secure long-term electricity supply. This paper applies the survival analysis to the actual unit level power generation data in Korea to estimate the relationship between facility reliability and the preventive maintenance. Duration of generators between forced outages is used to measure plant reliability. the empirical analysis shows that preventive maintenance cost, planned outage for maintenance, use rate, and reserve margin lead to the longer duration of generators and, in turn, the lower forced outage rates. We uncover that the marginal benefit of the preventive maintenance cost is decreasing at an increasing rate. It indicates that the marginal benefit of the “current” maintenance cost is minimal. Results in the paper imply that power plants in Korea might be spending unnecessarily high maintenance costs considering already having world’s lowest forced outage rates.

The extraction and application of fault characteristic vector for lower vacuum of condenser in 1000MW unit

In this paper the failure sets and symptom sets of the problem for a 1000MW unit were determined. On the basis of distinguishing the precipitous decline and slow decline of vacuum, the calculation model of the state quantization value of every symptom parameter was established and the fault characteristic vector of the lower vacuum of the condenser was obtained by the simulation test of the unit. Based on BP neural network, the fault diagnosis model of condenser was established, and the low vacuum fault of the unit was diagnosed. The results show that the fault diagnosis of condensers can be used in the actual unit operation according to the fault theory domain feature vector of 1000MW unit.

A pureza do sangue hibrido: os bastidores do turfe para a produção de cavalos e homens de corrida

O presente trabalho busca realizar uma análise reflexiva referente à relação estabelecida entre os cavalos da raça Puro Sangue Inglês (PSI) e as práticas do esporte de corridas denominado de turfe. Prática que, em grande medida, adquiriu popularidade pela sua extensa aproximação com os jogos de apostas. Esta associação marcou definitivamente a existência do turfe no cenário do mercado de diversões esportivas. A relação do animal e seu montador - chamado de jóquei - adquire papel central, perdurando até os dias de hoje. A pergunta: “quem ganha, o cavalo ou o jóquei?” vai além de uma mera retórica, pois evidencia a relação homem/animal quanto um “agenciamento” (Deleuze 1995) de unidade real mínima que possibilita o desdobramento do espetáculo, assim como das apostas oriundas dele. Deste modo, busco pensar o agenciamento homem/animal enquanto “interlocutores vitais” (Ingold, 2012) neste esporte. E que são recorrentemente classificados e estratificados em cada páreo por jogadores e apostadores aficionados de modo a alcançar uma aposta vencedora.Palavras chave: Jogo. Cavalo. Domesticação. Turfe. Apostas.The purity of a hybrid blood: the turf behind the scenes to produce racehorses and men.AbstractThis study aims to conduct a reflective analysis on the relationship established between racehorses Thoroughbred and the racing sport practices called turf. Practice that largely acquired popularity for its extensive approach with gambling. It should be noted that in the period that horse racing has enjoyed greater popularity, the horse had great importance in Brazilian society. At that time, the animal relationship and its editor - called jockey - acquires central role, lasting until today. The question "who wins, the horse or the jockey" goes beyond mere rhetoric, it shows the man/animal relationship as an 'agency' (Deleuze, 1995) of a minimum actual unit that allows the race itself, as well as arising of betting practice. Thus, I try to think the agency man/animal as "vital actors" (Ingold, 2012) in this sport. That are recurrently classified and stratified into each match by players and fans bettors in order to achieve winnings.Keywords: Game. Horse. Domestication. Horse racing. Bets.

Metallographic Investigation on Solder Creep Phenomenon

Solder bulging is detected on the exposed paddle of Device A after burn-in causing the affected units to fail the coplanarity criteria. The affected units show up at random burn-in board socket locations and occur with varying frequency. Potential causes are plotted through an Ishikawa diagram which reveal fusion and creep as the potential mechanisms behind the solder bulging phenomenon. This paper seeks to determine the mechanism behind the solder bulging phenomenon via a 2-step metallographic investigation through (i) material deformation characterization and (ii) deformation mechanism simulation. In material deformation characterization, visual inspection on affected units show that the solder bulge is generally circular and is located on the center of the exposed paddle. Moreover, SEM/EDX analysis reveal that the solder bulge is not caused by a foreign contaminant or a compositional anomaly in the solder plating. On the other hand, deformation mechanism simulation involves the metallographic comparison between controlled simulations of fusion and creep versus the actual unit with solder bulge. Metallographic inspection reveal that the grain size and grain shape of the solder bulge possess the characteristics of creep phenomenon. Additionally, investigation on the burn-in (BI) process conditions also supports creep over fusion as the mechanism behind the solder bulging phenomenon. The static stress induced by the socket on the package at elevated temperature caused the solder plating to creep towards the free area which is the hole on the bottom of the socket.

Evaluation of Crew Capabilities to Handle and Stabilize Heavy Masses in Microgravity

One of the purposes of NASA's Shuttle missions is to deploy and retrieve satellites. Some of these missions require extravehicular activities (EVAs). During EVAs, crew members wear pressurized suits for protection from hazardous conditions and use a Remote Manipulator System (RMS) to transfer heavy objects from one location to another. Prior to the Hubble Space Telescope repair mission (STS-61), concerns were raised whether crew members would be able to hold onto the modules if the RMS started or stopped unexpectedly. An experiment was conducted to measure the handle forces during such a scenario and to determine whether these forces and moments were well within the capabilities of the crew. Four subjects participated in the study. Mockups were built to represent the characteristics of the actual unit and tests were conducted at the Precision Air Bearing Facility (PABF) which simulates a nearly friction-free environment. Force plates were attached to the mockups to monitor forces and moments during the test. Controlled translation and rotation tasks were also conducted to compare the results with those of sudden RMS run start/stop tasks. The results from this study showed that the forces and moments exerted by subjects during sudden stopping and starting conditions were well within the capabilities of the crew members. This study thus provided quantitative data for NASA to be assured of a safe and successful mission.

The Clinical Rhombus Revisited: Learning through Resistance and Change

Illustrates via the monitoring of an actual unit of Clinical Pastoral Education the reality of the clinical rhombus–a conceptual model that depicts the complex psychological and social nature of the learning environment. Shows how CPE supervisors utilize the clinical rhombus intentionally and unintentionally. Uses a case study to demonstrate the critical and creative possibilities for change when the rhombus is related to the project of pastoral formation.

Heterosis and breed effect on carcass traits of rams. II. Carcass adiposity traits

A total of 632 intact rams comprising three purebreds (Dorset Horn, Merino and Corriedale) and their six contemporary F1 crossbreds produced during phase I of the CSIRO Sheep Crossbreeding Experiment were used in the study. The rams were slaughtered at an average age of 21 months, at which time their average (� s.e.) carcass weight was 28.4 �0.2 kg. This paper, the second in the series, is concerned with estimation of the linear effects due to heterosis (hI), breed-transmitted effect (gI) and breed-maternal effect (gM) on four adiposity traits: perirenal fat weight, subcutaneous fat depth, percentage ether extract of m. semimembranosus and adipocyte diameter from the perirenal fat sample. The results showed that, in general, breed-transmitted effects are relatively more important than breed-maternal effects in accounting for breed differences in adiposity traits. Further, data based on all the adiposity traits under investigation are consistent in placing the Corriedale as the 'fattest' of the three purebreds studied. The hI effect is variable, depending on both the trait and the breed combination. Thus, perirenal fat weight (%hI = 22.6) and subcutaneous fat depth (%hI = 13.9) are both more heterotic than percentage ether extract (%hI = 1.6) or adipocyte diameter (%hI = 2.8). In every trait, the estimates of hI are lower in value (actual unit or as a percentage) for the Merino-Corriedale breed combination than for either the Dorset Horn-Merino or the Dorset Horn-Corriedale breed combination, demonstrating the importance of breed as a source of variation in heterosis effect.