scholarly journals STRATEGI KRITIK CERPEN “TELINGA” TERHADAP ORBA: MENINJAU STRUKTUR PRODUKSI DAN IDEOLOGI TEKS

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-134
Author(s):  
Hadi Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
New Order ◽  
Production Structure ◽  
Dialectical Method ◽  
General Mode ◽  
Aesthetic Ideology ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Mode Of Production

ABSTRAK: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan strategi kritik cerpen “Telinga” karya Seno Gumira Ajidarma (SGA) terhadap rezim Orde Baru (Orba) Indonesia. Hal tersebut akan dijelaskan dengan cara meninjau struktur produksi dan ideologi teks cerpen “Telinga” karya SGA. Untuk menjelaskannya, penelitian ini menggunakan teori kritik sastra materialistis Terry Eagleton. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah metode dialektika. Metode ini memungkinkan peneliti untuk menjelaskan ideologi teks sebagai produk pengolahan estetik atas struktur produksi pada masa Orba. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagai berikut. Pertama, cerpen “Telinga” sebagai kritik hadir dengan cara menerobos struktur produksi pada masa Orba yang selalu diatur oleh pemerintah. Struktur produksi pada masa Orba yang berkaitan dengan corak produksi umum didominasi oleh pemerintah. Segala bentuk produksi diatur sehingga muncul ideologi umum represif yang berada dalam naungan ideologi Pancasila. Hal tersebut memengaruhi corak produksi sastra yang dituntut untuk pro-pemerintah. Namun, ideologi kepengarangan SGA justru hadir sebagai bentuk resistensi kepada pemerintah sehingga ideologi estetik dalam cerpen “Telinga” berbentuk kontradiksi dengan ideologi umum pada masa Orba. Kedua, kritik cerpen “Telinga” diartikulasikan dengan ideologi teks yang hadir melalui simbol-simbol. Dalam manifestasinya, cerpen “Telinga” berhasil mengkritik Orba dengan cara menyampaikan fakta realitas tanpa harus digugat oleh pemerintah. Kritik tersebut pada gilirannya juga memanfaatkan narasi satire. Dengan demikian, cerpen “Telinga” sebagai kritik dinaturalisasikan melalui ruang estetik untuk mengungkap fakta yang dibungkam pada masa Orba.KATA KUNCI: Struktur produksi; estetik; ideologi teks; Orde Baru (Orba); Terry Eagleton   “TELINGA” SHORT STORY CRITICISM STRATEGY TOWARDS THE ORBA: REVIEWING PRODUCTION STRUCTURE AND IDEOLOGY OF THE TEXT ABSTRACT: This research aims to explain the strategy of “Telinga” short story by Seno Gumira Ajidarma (SGA) towards the Indonesian New Order (Orba) regime. It will be explained by reviewing the production structure and ideology of the text of “Telinga” short story by SGA. This research uses Terry Eagleton’s literature’s materialistic criticism theory. The method used in this research is the dialectical method. This method allows the researcher to explain the ideology of the text as a product of aesthetic processing of the production structure during the Orba era. The results showed the following. First, “Telinga” short story as a criticism comes by breaking through the production structure during the Orba era which was always regulated by the government. The production structure during the Orba era related to the general mode of production was dominated by the government. All forms of production are regulated in order that a repressive general ideology emerges under the auspices of the Pancasila ideology. This affected the literary mode of production which was demanded to support the government. However, the SGA’s authorship ideology actually exists as a form of resistance againts the government in order that the aesthetic ideology in “Telinga” short story contradicts the general ideology during the Orba era. Second, “Telinga” short story criticism is articulated with the ideology of the text which is present through symbols. In its manifestation, “Telinga” short story successfully criticizes the Orba regime by delivering reality-based fact without any accusation by government. The critic on its turn also applies satire narracy. Therefore, “Telinga” short story as criticism naturalized through an aesthetic space to reveal silenced fact during the Orba era.KEYWORDS: Production structure; aesthetic; ideology of the text; New Order (Orba); Terry Eagleton

scholarly journals REPRESENTATION OF THE NEW REGIME TRANSITION TOWARDS THE REFORMATION ERA IN THE TEMBOK PAK RAMBO SHORT STORY BY TAUFIK IKHRAM JAMIL: INTERTEXTUALITY STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Ni Luh Ayu Sukmawati
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Order Transition ◽  
New Order ◽  
Regime Transition ◽  
Reform Era ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The Government

The transition era between the New Order Era to the Reformation Era in Indonesia in 1998 became one of the popular themes for Indonesian writers. One of the works entitled Tembok Pak Rambo inserted elements of historical facts that occurred in Indonesia. The representation of the obscurity of the new order in this short story cannot be read only with heuristic readings, therefore a theory is needed to explore more profound the significance of the story. This paper utilizes the intertextuality approach in dismantling the veiled meanings in the story. The results showed that the short story represents two Indonesian leaders in the era of the new order transition to the reform era. This representation appears when aligned with a book called The Long Way of Indonesia Towards Democracy written by B. J. Habibie. Moreover, the short story titled Tembok Pak Rambo is not just about the hegemony between the ruler to his subordinates, but how the Indonesian writers were trying to criticism on the government and the historical facts that happened in 1998.

scholarly journals KRITIK MATERIALISTIK TEKS SASTRA MAJALAH PANDJI POESTAKA (1943--1945)

Pujangga ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Kurnia Rachmawati
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Production Relation ◽  
General Mode ◽  
Aesthetic Ideology ◽  
And Control ◽  
Mode Of Production

<p>ABSTRAK<br /> <br />Penelitian ini bertujuan memaparkan struktur ideologi Teks Sastra dalam Majalah Pandji Poestaka pada masa<br />pendudukan Jepang di Indonesia (1943-1945). Pendekatan teori yang digunakan adalah materialisme yang<br />dipaparkan oleh Eagleton. Kritik sastra materialistik mangasumsikan bahwa teks sastra tidak bertindak pasif, tetapi<br />secara aktif menentukan proses produksi dan struktur ideologi yang membentuknya. Karya sastra merupakan produk<br />interaksi dan artikulasi aspek eksternal dan internal teks. Skema kritik sastra materialistik memosisikan aspek<br />eksternal berada di luar teks yang terdiri atas kontituen-kontituen ideologi yang meliputi: corak produksi umum,<br />ideologi umum, corak produksi sastra, ideologi kepegarangan, dan ideologi estetik. Internal teks merujuk pada<br />ideologi teks yang merupakan produk dari interaksi dan artikulasi kontituen-kontituen eksternal teks yang telah<br />dijabarkan sebelumnya dan membentuk serangkaian tegangan, pengolahan dan transformasi. Hasil Penelitian<br />ini menunjukkan bahwa teks yang berupa Teks Sastra dalam Majalah Pandji Poestaka merupakan hasil artikulasi<br />dominasi kekuasaan Jepang yang menerapkan sistem pemerintahan fasisme-militersme. Mobilization and Control <br />merupakan teknik Jepang guna mendominasi kekuatan dan relasi produksi di Indonesia. Dominasi tersebut<br />mengakibatkan tekanan dan ketimpangan dalam masyarakat, sehingga memunculkan kontestasi ideologi yang<br />diusung oleh para pejuang nasionalis, gerakan bawah tanah, hingga pemberontakan masyarakat kelas bawah yaitu<br />petani. Simpulannya pemberontakan tesebut melahirkan ideologi nasionalisme, sosialisme hingga anarkisme yang<br />memiliki cita-cita yang sama yaitu semangat kebebasan, anti imperialisme, kemerdekaan dan bayangan akan sebuah<br />bangsa (nation). <br /> <br />Kata Kunci: Struktur Ideologi, Teks Sastra Pandji Poestaka, Materialisme Eagleton.<br /> <br /> <br />ABSTRACT<br /> <br />This study describes the ideology structure of Teks Sastra in Pandji Poestaka magazine during the Japanese <br />colonial Indonesia (1943-1945). Theory applied in this study is Eagleton’s materialism. This critic concerns on how<br />a literary work acts in the process of production and in shaping the ideology structure. In this case, a literary work<br />is regarded as a product of interaction and articulation in external and internal aspects of the text. The materialism<br />critic places the external aspect outside the text, includes ideology constituents, such as general mode of production,<br />general ideology, literary mode of production, author ideology, and aesthetic ideology. Meanwhile, this critic refers<br />the internal aspect to ideology of the text. This ideology is a product of those constituents’ interaction and<br />articulation that form a sequence of exertions, accomplishment, and transformation. The result of the study<br />shows that the text Teks Sastra in Panjdi Poestaka magazine is articulation of Japanese domination that applied<br />fascism-militarism in their colonial. In order to dominate the strength and the production relation in Indonesia,<br />Japan also uses mobilization and control technic. Therefore, there is inequality in society and they are pressured.<br />This leads the society to do many kinds of struggle to fight the Japanese domination. The struggles produce the</p><p><br />ideology of nationalism, anti-imperialism. Besides, Indonesian wants to reach the Independence and to have a<br />nation.</p><p>Key Words: Structure of Ideology, Teks Sastra Pandji Poestaka, Materialism, Eagleton.</p>

scholarly journals IDEOLOGI KEPENGARANGAN DALAM BUKU PUISI 99 UNTUK TUHANKU KARYA EMHA AINUN NADJIB

MIMESIS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Ilham Rabbani ◽  
Hatindriya Hangganararas
Keyword(s):  
Literary Theory ◽  
Research Method ◽  
New Order ◽  
Research Results ◽  
General Mode ◽  
Time Critical ◽  
Mode Of Production ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

The poetry book “99 untuk Tuhanku” which was first published in 1983 by Penerbit Pustaka – Perpustakaan Salman ITB Bandung, is the work of Emha Ainun Nadjib (EAN), a well-known writer from Indonesia. The figure of EAN is known for his writings, whether in the form of essays, prose, drama scripts, or poems that are religious, but at the same time critical in looking at the problems of life, including against power in Indonesia. This paper aims to dismantle the EAN Authorial Ideology in poetry book “99 untuk Tuhanku” by using the materialistic literary theory by Terry Eagleton. In dismantling the Authorial Ideology, it will first outline several aspects of external constituents such as the General Mode of Production, Literary Mode of Production, and General Ideology. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The research results obtained are the Authorial Ideology produced by EAN is humanism-religious and sufism. Meanwhile, the ideology of the New Order regime (General Ideology) is authoritarianism, militarism, and capitalism. The ideology that was contested by EAN, instead of being a resistance ideology for power, has the potential to become an adaptive ideology and potentially perpetuate the dominance of the New Order regime.  

scholarly journals Reformasi Gagal Total, Kawan!: A Stylistics Study of Political Satire in Eka Kurniawan’s Corat-coret di Toilet

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-64
Author(s):  
Lailatul Maulida
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Social Condition ◽  
The Political ◽  
New Order ◽  
Social Injustice ◽  
Political Satire ◽  
Reform Era ◽  
Sense Of Humor ◽  
The Government

This paper aims to discuss and analyze political satire in Eka Kurniawan's short story titled Corat-coret di Toilet. By applying descriptive qualitative research as well as stylistics approach, researcher then reading the whole text of the short story, analyzing the political satire, and taking notes the sentence related to political satire inside. Found that there are nine sentences of satire in the short story that refer to political satire that was written by some students on the campus toilet's walls against the situation of the government in the year of 1990s where the freedom of conveying aspirations is tightly limited. The ubiquity of political satire in this short story builds critical thinking on the readers and also stimulates them intensely to be able to interpretatively understand what is meant by the political satire, the relation of those political satires with the political and social condition in Indonesia, specifically in the end of New Order and the beginning of reform era. Finally, the political satire in Corat-coret di Toilet reflects legal and social injustice in Indonesia. Nevertheless, Kurniawan's work able to persuade the readers with a sense of humor, sadness, anger and the truth of the Indonesian situation, to understand and care more about social and government phenomena in their own country.

KEBIJAKAN POLITIK KERUKUNAN ANTARAGAMA DI INDONESIA ERA REFORMASI

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-424
Author(s):  
Jamaluddin Jamaluddin
Keyword(s):  
Transition Period ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
New Order ◽  
Reform Era ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Accommodation Space ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The Government ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Cultural Reality

Indonesian reformation era begins with the fall of President Suharto. Political transition and democratic transition impact in the religious life. Therefore, understandably, when the politic transition is not yet fully reflects the idealized conditions. In addition to the old paradigm that is still attached to the brain of policy makers, various policies to mirror the complexity of stuttering ruler to answer the challenges of religious life. This challenge cannot be separated from the hegemonic legacy of the past, including the politicization of SARA. Hegemony that took place during the New Order period, adversely affected the subsequent transition period. It seems among other things, with airings various conflicts nuances SARA previously muted, forced repressive. SARA issues arise as a result of the narrowing of the accommodation space of the nation state during the New Order regime. The New Order regime has reduced the definition of nation-states is only part of a group of people loyal to the government to deny the diversity of socio-cultural reality in it. To handle the inheritance, every regime in the reform era responds with a pattern and a different approach. It must be realized, that the post-reform era, Indonesia has had four changes of government. The leaders of every regime in the reform era have a different background and thus also have a vision that is different in treating the problem of racial intolerance, particularly against religious aspect. This treatment causes the accomplishment difference each different regimes of dealing with the diversity of race, religion and class that has become the hallmark of Indonesian society.

Regime Change in Contemporary Turkey

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Necati Polat
Keyword(s):  
Recent Change ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
New Order ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Turkish Politics ◽  
Subsequent Phase ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The Arab Spring ◽  
The Military

This book explores the transformation of Turkey’s political regime from 2002 under the AKP rule. Turkey has been through a series of major political shifts historically, roughly from the mid-19th century. The book details the most recent change, locating it in its broader historical setting. Beginning with the AKP rule from late 2002, supported by a wide informal coalition that included liberals, it describes how the ‘former’ Islamists gradually acquired full power between 2007 and 2011. It then chronicles the subsequent phase, looking at politics and rights under the amorphous new order. This highly accessible assessment of the change in question places it in the larger context of political modernisation in the country over the past 150 or so years, covering all of the main issues in contemporary Turkish politics: the religious and secular divide, the Kurds, the military, foreign policy orientation, the state of human rights, the effective concentration of powers in the government and a rule by policy, rather than law, initiated by Erdogan’s increasingly authoritarian populism. The discussion at once situates Turkey in the broader milieu of the Arab Spring, especially in terms of Islamist politics and Muslim piety in the public sphere, with some emphasis on ‘Islamo-nationalism’ (Millî Görüş) as a local Islamist variety. Effortlessly blending history, politics, law, social theory and philosophy in making sense of the change, the book uses the concept of mimesis to show that continuity is a key element in Turkish politics, despite the series of radical breaks that have occurred.

scholarly journals Merebaknya Intoleransi (Hate Speech dan Hate Crime) dalam Politik Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-99
Author(s):  
Munandzirul Amin
Keyword(s):  
Hate Crime ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Order ◽  
New Order ◽  
The People ◽  
Technical Issues ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

Democracy provides a place for us to learn to live with the enemy because only democracy allows tension and paradox, which comes from freedom, to occur in society. In contrast to the New Order era, we can now enjoy freedom of opinion and association. This freedom can in turn produce tension. The relationship between elements of society with one another, or the relationship between the state and elements of society, can be tense because of differences in interests in regulating social and political order. Meanwhile, Indonesian society witnessed the paradox which also originated from freedom. This, for example, is shown by the emergence of intolerant groups such as the Islamic Defenders Front (FPI) and Hizb ut-Tahrir Indonesia (HTI). Even organizations such as HTI are of the view that democracy is not in accordance with the teachings of Islam in terms of sovereignty in the hands of the people, what should determine that is the preogrative right of Allah SWT. The government in the view of HTI only implements sharia and determines administrative technical issues.

scholarly journals Islamic Civil Society in Indonesia: Analysis of the Accommodative Politics during the Soeharto New Order Regime

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heri Kusmanto ◽  
Mif Rohim Noyo Sarkun
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Main Element ◽  
New Order ◽  
Political Approach ◽  
Ideological Background ◽  
The Government ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
Islamic Society

This article briefly discusses the accommodative politic of Indonesia's Islamic civil society from the perspective of ideological background, society and role point of views during the period of New Order regime. During that time, Muslims was the group of societies that mostly experienced suppressions by the regime. To keep their existence, the Islamic civil society used a political approach that was accommodative to encounter the regime’s policy and diffuse within the government. Surprisingly, this ideological politic remained useful and grew during the New Order regime period, leading the main element in triggering the democratization process. The findings of this study show that the peoples’ social background and level of understanding on ideology, politic and sociological reality contributed to the effectiveness of the accommodative politic implementation. Furthermore, the Islamic society played a vital role as “driving” force in the democratization process in Indonesia, indicating that Islamic ideology is apparently in agreement with Democracy

scholarly journals PERAN BPD DALAM MENDUKUNG PEMERINTAH DESA UNTUK MEWUJUDKAN GOOD GOVERNANCE DI DESA SUMBERKEPUH KEC.TANJUNGANOM KABUPATEN NGANJUK

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-73
Author(s):  
Yenik Pujowati
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
New Order ◽  
Seven Principles ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
The Government ◽  
Democratic Parties ◽  
Village Government ◽  
Principle Of Proportionality ◽  
The Village

ABSTRAKSetelah peralihan rezim dari orde baru ke reformasi Negara melahirkan Undang-Undang No. 28 tahun 1999. Dalam peraturan tersebut, menjadi tujuh azas dan menjadipedoman bagi seluruh perangkat Negara untuk melaksanakan tugas. Ketujuh azastersebut meliputi azas kepastian hukum, azas tertib penyelenggaran, azas kepentinganumum, azas keterbukaan, azas proporsionality, azas prfesionalitas dan azasakuntabilitas.Otonomi daerah juga terbagi atas Pemerintahan Tingkat Provinsi,Pemerintahan Tingkat Kabupaten/Kota, dan Pemerintahan Tingkat Desa.Pemerintahan Desa dikatakan pemerintahan yang otonom karena dalam UU No. 6Tahun 2014, desa adalah kesatuan masyarakat hukum yang memiliki kewenangan untukmengurus dan mengatur kepentingan masyarakat setempat berdasarkan adat istiadatdan asal usul yang diakui oleh Negara. Dengan demikian pemerintah desa tidakbergantung sepenuhnya pada pemerintahan diatasnya dalam urusan pelaksanaanPemerintahan Desa. Desa juga memiliki kewenangan untuk menyelenggarakan pestademokrasi dan adanya pemilihan Kepala Desa dan lembaga BPD adalah wujud daridemokrasi tersebut.Kata Kunci : Good Governance, Badan pemusyawaratan Desa (BPD)AbstractAfter the transition of the regime from the new order to the reform of the State gave riseto Law no. 28 of 1999. In the regulation, it becomes the seven principles and serves asthe guidance for all State apparatus to carry out the task. The seven principles cover theprinciples of legal certainty, the principles of orderliness, the principles of publicinterest, the principles of transparency, the principle of proportionality, the principle ofprofessionalism and the principle of accountability. Regional autonomy is also dividedinto Provincial, Regency / Municipal Governance and Village Government. VillageGovernment is said to be an autonomous government because in Law no. 6 Year 2014,the village is a legal community unit which has the authority to administer and regulatethe interests of the local community based on customs and origins recognized by theState. Thus the village government does not depend entirely on the government above itin the affairs of the implementation of Village Government. Villages also have theauthority to organize democratic parties and the election of village heads and BPDinstitutions is a manifestation of the democracy.Keywords: Good Governance, Village Development Board (BPD)

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