Calculation of lateral stresses for uniaxial compression of geomaterial samples

A method is proposed for calculating the transverce stresses during uniaxial compression of geomaterial samples from the measured load and mutually perpendicular deformations. Analytical expressions connecting the indicated parameters are obtained. The dependences of the change in the calculated transverse stresses on time are plotted for various values of Poisson’s ratio. The difference in transverse stresses demonstrates a much greater sensitivity to mechanical stress than each transverse stress separately. Sharp changes in the values of the difference in transverse stresses are observed, which coincide with bursts of AE activity.

Infant Warmer Equipped with Digital Weight Scales

Scales Scales in the world of health are used to measure human body weight such as baby scales. Newborns are very important to be weighed because it is used as a measure of the baby's health indication ranging from 2.4 kg to 4.2 kg. The author makes a tool for this to make it easier for users to weigh with a 7 segment display on the Infant Warmer tool and external calibration. By using a loadcell sensor with a maximum capacity of 5 kg, the loadcell can detect the weight of the load where the voltage generated by the loadcell of 0.7 mV at a load of 1 kg is amplified to 0.62 V by the PSA circuit using the AD620 IC and then processed by Arudino UNO as a microcontroller. The weight results will be displayed on the 7Segment display located on the Infant Warmer tool. In the study, the measured load included a weight of 0 kg to a maximum weight of 5 kg. The measurement of the data results was carried out 5 times each by comparing the modules that had been made with the standard weight, namely (lead). The data from the measurement results of the research module shows that when the weight of the measurement at 1 kg has an error percentage of 0.08%. Measurements at a weight of 2 kg have an error percentage of 0.05%. Measurement of weight 3 kg has a presentation error of 0.01%. Measurements at a weight of 4 kg have a presentation error of 0.02%. And measurements at a weight of 5 kg have an error percentage of 0.04%. Then the data from the measurement results of the research module shows the largest error presentation of 0.08% at a weight of 1 kg. And the data from the measurement results of the research module shows the smallest error presentation of 0.01% at a weight of 3 kg. Making a research module in the form of a scale placed on an infant warmer can make it easier for the wearer.

Ecological Risk Assessment of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in the Water Environment of 15 Cities in Japan

To assess the ecological risk of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) to the water environment of several cities in Japan, major local environmental research institutes, a private company, and an academic institution launched a joint research project in 2019. Under this initiative, local environmental research institutes surveyed the concentrations of 46 types of PPCPs at 59 points distributed across 15 cities in Japan. IDEA Consultants, Inc. calculated the unknown values of predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) of six chemicals (telmisartan, candesartan, fexofenadine, diphenhydramine, diphenyl sulfone, and ketotifen) through bioassay experiments on aquatic organisms. Among the researched chemicals, the concentrations of clarithromycin, 14-hydroxyclarithromycin, erythromycin, diclofenac, carbamazepine, and telmisartan exceeded the PNEC in at least one sampling point. However, ozone treatment removed most of these chemicals, except for certain phosphate ester flame retardants. The mass balance of chemicals in the Tamagawa River flowing through Tokyo Prefecture was calculated by multiplying the concentration of each chemical with the flow rate at each sampling point in the river. The measured load of most chemicals at each sampling point of the Tamagawa River coincided to a certain extent with the cumulative load accumulated from the tributaries and sewage treatment plants to the uppermost point (Nagata Bridge). However, the measured load of diclofenac was significantly smaller than the estimated values at each sampling point, suggesting that diclofenac photodegrades while flowing down the river.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON USE OF FALL PREVENTION MEMBERS IN WALL AND COLUMN DEMOLITION

At demolition sites in Japan, columns and walls are pulled down and demolished by heavy machinery or wire ropes. In a small-scale building in urban areas, columns and walls are pulled down by wire ropes. Before pulling down, workers damage the bottom part of the columns and walls for weakening them. However, if the damage of the columns and walls are too much, they fall down before use of wire ropes. As a result, they may crush workers. In this study, a fall prevention material was proposed with its installation method and verified its effectiveness by experiments. In an experiment of this study, steel pipes for supporting 3m-column were examined. The steel pipes were installed diagonally to the column. The column was loaded horizontally. We measured load and deformation until the steel pipe failed. As a result of experiments, it was found that the steel pipe buckled or the bolt supporting the steel pipe damaged. We concluded that this method is effective because the steel pipes were found to be sufficiently strong against the load generated in the steel pipes when the columns fell.

Laboratory Device for Checking the Functionality of the Elevator Rope Sensors

The paper describes the structural design of a laboratory device that allows for presenting operation, simulating work procedures and checking functionality of the elevator “rope sensors” when equalizing different tensile forces in partial ropes of a rope system of traction elevators. The laboratory device is modified for checking operations of commonly used rope sensors. In an overwhelming number of cases, elevator technicians use them for setting up the unequally distributed tensile forces in elevator ropes. The device is equipped with three, mutually attached pulleys, over which the rope is installed. The unknown tensile force in the rope is determined by an “indirect method”, i.e. from the resultant of the forces of the rope bent over the pulleys, which have an effect on the force sensor. The tensile force along the rope axis can be determined numerically, but also experimentally, from the inclination angle of the rope installed on the pulleys, diameter of the pulleys, diameter of the rope and the force detected by the force sensor of the stretched rope. The paper presents experimentally obtained tensile force values at the rope sensor, deduced from stretching the rope. The paper also describes the procedure for determining the measured load in the rope by rope sensors of the SWR, SWK and RMT-1 types based on the variable axial force in the rope.

Monitoring the Accuracy of Measurements the Load of Industrial Enterprises

The normalized accuracy of the installed measuring instruments determines the scheduled measurement accuracy of the daily active load of an industrial enterprise. To maintain it during operation, syntactic and semantic methods can be used to control the reliability of load measurements. During syntactic control, the state of measuring instruments that collect and process information about the enterprise’s load is diagnosed. Semantic control is based on the use of probabilistic characteristics of the measured load. The condition necessary for semantic control is the presence of information redundancy about the values of the monitored load. It is possible to control the load limit values (settings) when a priori information is known about the lower and upper limits in which reliably measured load values in normal operation of the enterprise may be contained. The article considers control methods that use a posteriori redundant information about the dynamics of load alterations in various sections of the daily schedule. These methods include monitoring by the first increments of the load, which characterize the speed of its alterations, as well as control using linear and nonlinear extrapolations of the first increments. The results of the analysis of probabilistic characteristics of the daily active load of the enterprise and its first increments, which characterize the rate of load change, are presented. The effect of probabilistic characteristics of the first load increments on the boundaries of making a decision about the reliability of measurements is demonstrated. A comparative analysis of the effectiveness of reliability control methods based on the first load increments and their extrapolated values has been carried out on the example of measurements of daily active load schedules of the “Minsk Motor Plant” JSC.