Competitiveness as a Decisive Criterion for Sustainability

Competitiveness and sustainability are inseparable concepts. Competitiveness cannot be interpreted in the short term, and thus it cannot exist without sustainability as well. At both the corporate and national economy level, only those who can maintain their outstanding performance, in the long run, are the winners in global competition. There are two roads to achieving these two goals simultaneously, and they can even be followed at the same time. On the one hand, moving away from quantitative factors towards quality, and on the other hand, looking for new resources and making old resources unlimited by using them in a sustainable, “green” manner. With the development of digitalisation, data is becoming a more important resource than ever before, while money and access to energy may become unlimited. No segment of the economy can ignore revolutionary changes, such as the green and digital transition, but proper cooperation between the state and the market is necessary to achieve and maintain competitiveness and sustainability.

Police efforts during the coronavirus epidemic

The aim of this article is to draw attention to the Police efforts during the state of epidemic announced on 25 March 2020 connected to the COVID-19 virus. These efforts are being made on the basis of particular laws in force during this state, but also on the basis of the rules in the penal code. The execution of specific tasks involves effectiveness, which ensures proper cooperation of many bodies, including the cooperation of the epidemiological services with the Police and units of medical rescue. It is important, however, to obey the rule of proportionality in applying certain measures of power in the institutions involved in the execution of prohibitions and obligations of specific behaviour during the state of epidemic. The measures of power cannot also lead to disruptions of the principle of law-abidingness.

A Method of Fast and Simultaneous Calibration of Many Mobile FMCW Radars Operating in a Network Anti-Drone System

A market for small drones is developing very fast. They are used for leisure activities and exploited in commercial applications. However, there is a growing concern for accidental or even criminal misuses of these platforms. Dangerous incidents with drones are appearing more often, and have caused many institutions to start thinking about anti-drone solutions. There are many cases when building stationary systems seems to be aimless since the high cost does not correspond with, for example, threat frequency. In such cases, mobile drone countermeasure systems seem to perfectly meet demands. In modern mobile solutions, frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radars are frequently used as detectors. Proper cooperation of many radars demands their measurements to be brought to a common coordinate system—azimuths must be measured in the same direction (preferably the north). It requires calibration, understood as determining constant corrections to measured angles. The article presents the author's method of fast, simultaneous calibration of many mobile FMCW radars operating in a network. It was validated using 95,000 numerical tests. The results show that the proposed method significantly improves the north orientation of the radars throughout the whole range of the initial errors. Therefore, it can be successfully used in practical applications.

THE US STRATEGY OF ARMED DRONE USAGE IN FIGHTING THE TALIBAN ELEMENTS IN PAKISTAN (2004-2016)

<p>Prior to the Trump’s presidency the US have performed as many as 400 armed drone strikes in Pakistan, killing approximately 3.000 terrorist targets including key leaders that hold important value to the organizations. More than a decade these attacks were performed, yet we have not seen the end of the terrorist and insurgent’s presence in Pakistan. This leads into a thought whether the attacks were effective or not. Therefore, this study aims to analyze, predominantly evaluating the use of the targeted killing strategy in this US counterterrorism effort. The study uses qualitative research method by using Robert A. Pape’s perspective in strategic effectiveness and David Galula’s counterinsurgency perspective. Those perspectives pointed out the cause of this situation is due to the inability of the attacked target set to trigger the destruction of the movement, the inability of the US to secure the ends, ways, and means of the operation which involve the dissociation between the population and the insurgents, their ability to forge proper cooperation with its local ally, and the un-favoring view of the local population toward its targeted killings practice has resulted in the infectivity of the strategy and a prolonged fight between the US and its opponent. In sum, it can be inferred that despite capable of eliminating numerous high-value targets the targeted killing strategy is deemed ineffective due to its inability to procure full destruction of its opponent and due to the inability of the US to secure the ends, ways, and means of the operation which would have increase the success of the strategy.</p>

THE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR COMBATING TERRORISM IN THE WORLD

The study deals with contemporary terrorist threats, the role and importance of special services in the fight against terrorism, and presents the coordination of cooperation between central administration bodies in the fight against terrorism to ensure proper cooperation between state offices involved in combating terrorism on the example of selected states.