ANTI-CORRUPTION IDEOLOGY IN HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDONESIA

Anti-corruption ideology will get through deeply into the system of beliefs. Individuals with anti-corruption ideals are strengthened with their values, ideas, and norms, saying that corruption is atrocious. One of the potential opportunities for instilling the beliefs system is in higher education, where the education and teaching process and its recycling are taking place. The educational process at a higher education level is considered more established in understanding various levels of sciences and knowledge. Therefore, higher education has the greatest potency to ingrain anti-corruption ideals and encourage resistance against corrupt behavior. However, the potential is still debatable because educated persons conduct corruption, as it has been categorized as white-collar crime. Figures displayed by corruption statistics are outrageous. First, the rate of corruption targeted for investigation, being investigated, and punished is growing. Second, there is a tendency that the more a person developed, becomes more respected and educated, the more chances for the person to have a corrupted mindset. Hence, it can be concluded that education does not cause neglectfulness and powerlessness of someone to avoid corruption, but their intellectuality determines it. Keywords: Ideology; Epistemology; Anti-corruption; Higher education.

PROTECTION ON FREEDOM OF THE PRESS FOR FOREIGN JOURNALISTS AND JOURNALISTIC VISA IN INDONESIA

This study analyses how Indonesia enforces the law to protect the freedom of the press for foreign journalists and imposes strict visa regulations on them. The method used to conduct this research is the normative legal method. This study shows that Indonesia upholds human rights such as freedom of expression, but there are no specific legal rules to uphold such rights over foreign journalists. Rules are only available on the enactment of a journalistic visa. Therefore, it is recommended for Indonesia's Lawmakers to compose a new Law to uphold the rights and obligations of foreign journalists while they are in Indonesia and develop a monitoring body for foreign journalists so that Indonesia can ensure the protection of freedom of the press and the national security. Keywords: Foreign journalists; Freedom of Press; Journalistic Visa.

CHILD MARRIAGE CONDITIONALITY AND ITS DISPENSATION IN MAHKAMAH SYAR’IYAH ACEH, INDONESIA

This research aims to explain the policy regarding the conditionality and its dispensation of child marriage and to find out the effectiveness of the Law Number 16 Year 2019 Concerning the Amendment of Law Number 1 Year 1974 Concerning Marriage Law as well as the implementation of child marriage conditionality in Aceh by analysing Mahkamah Syar’iyah decisions. This research uses normative empirical legal research which mostly discusses on the Marriage Law and focuses on the norms regarding the conditionality and its dispensation of child marriage that is regulated under the Marriage Law and the implementation in Aceh. Keywords : Child Marriage, Children Rights, Legal problems, Mahkamah Syar’iyah.

THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND (IMF) IN ECONOMIC RECOVERY DURING ECONOMIC CRISIS OF INDONESIA

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has a primary role in providing financial support to countries facing financial crises, such as the 1998 world financial crisis. The situation has brought an enormous impact on developing countries, particularly Indonesia. This paper explores the role of The IMF and maps out the problems related to the financial crisis and its impact on Indonesian political reforms. It will be done by compiling the milestones in chronological order from 1997 until 2017. It also aims to examine the lending policies of the International Monetary Fund, which brings a country like Indonesia becomes addicted and difficult to survive or improve in its economic development. There will be an understanding of how the actual process happens. It can be used as an instrument to assess whether the existence and role of the IMF in Indonesia have a better or harmful impact on the long-term economic development of Indonesia. Keywords: The International Monetary Fund (IMF), Economic Development, Financial Crisis

LEGAL CERTAINTY OF LAND TITLE IN FACILITATING FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN ACEH PROVINCE, INDONESIA

Law Number 25 Year 2007 on Capital Investment facilitates services and/or licensing of Land Rights to Use for investment. Article 22(a) stipulated that land Rights to Use (HGB) can be granted up to 95 years for land cultivation rights, up to 160 years for building use rights, and up to 140 years for land Rights to Use. However, land Rights to Use regulated in Qanun Number 14 Year 2017 on Aceh's Assets Management is only five years subject to certain conditions and requirements for extension. It is clear that there two legislations available in Aceh in terms of facilitating land license for investment. Therefore, a research question raised is which law is applied by the Government of Aceh to speed the process of land license for the investor? This study uses normative legal research by relying on primary and secondary legal resources. Primary legal resources were collected by analyzing related legislations, while secondary legal resources were obtained by reviewing associated literature. The result shows that in facilitating land license for investors in Aceh, the Government of Aceh applies Qanun Number 14 Year 2017 on Aceh's Assets Management instead of Law Number 25 Year 2007 on Capital Investment. This Qanun stipulated that land license for investors is given for five years with specific requirements for extension. This short period for a land license causes legal uncertainty for investors and decreases their motivation to invest in Aceh Province. It is suggested that this Qanun should be amended to be in line with national legislation, namely law Number 25 Year 2007 that provides a longer period of land license for investors. Keywords: Legal certainty; Land license; Foreign Direct Investment.

FOREIGN CAPITAL INVESTMENT IN UPSTREAM OIL AND GAS: A CASE STUDY OF PASE WORKING AREA, ACEH PROVINCE, INDONESIA

This paper explores the management of the Pase Upstream Working Area of oil and gas (MIGAS) by Triangle Pase Inc as a Foreign Direct Investment, which is not according to the Revenue Sharing Agreement signed by the parties and regulations Indonesia. The main obstacle in the implementation of Foreign Direct Investment in the Upstream MIGAS sector in Pase Working Area is the failure to establish the APGE as a Joint Venture Company that operated as a subsidiary company required by the Investment Law and Regulation of the Minister of Trade 08/2017. It has a severe impact on the Aceh government's income from the cooperation management of the Upstream MIGAS sector in the Pase Working Area. The Arbitration Award that BANI has granted, which rejected The PDPA lawsuit, has reduced and even eliminated the privilege of the Aceh Government in managing the Upstream MIGAS sector in the Pase Working Area as stipulated by Law Number 11 of 2006 and Aceh's MIGAS Government Regulation. As a solution, the BPMA has ordered Triangle Pase Inc. to revise the legality of APGE to comply with the prevailing laws and regulations in Indonesia. Therefore, the BPMA, as the regulator, and The PDPA as the parties in the Upstream MIGAS management in the Pase Working Area and Commission III of the Aceh's House of Representative to immediately summon Triangle Pase Inc. to resolve the dispute between The PDPA and Triangle Pase Inc. The PDPA, as the losing party in the award granted by BANI, needs to take immediate legal steps to prevent the execution of the BANI's Arbitration AwardKeywords: BPMA; Pase Upstream Working Area; MIGAS; Aceh Province