Menguji Tingkat Serangan Wereng Batang Coklat Nilaparvata lugens Stal (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) pada Varietas Padi Asal Pasaman di Rumah Kaca

Brown planthopper (BPH) is a major pest on rice plants that can cause hopperburn and crop failure. The study aimed to determine the level of BPH attack on several local rice varieties in the Pasaman Regency. This research was conducted in a greenhouse, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Andalas, using a completely randomized design (CRD), with five treatments and five replications. The treatments were four different rice varieties from Pasaman and control (Siganteng, Pulau Batu, Mundam Kuning, Mundam Putih, IR 42). BPH was infested when the rice was five days after sowing. Observation parameters were the percentage and the intensity of the attacks. Observations were done until 15 days after infestation; after the IR 42 variety died 90%. The results showed that the attack rate of BPH on rice varieties from Pasaman was moderate. The lowest percentage of attack occurred in the Mundam Putih variety (94%), while the intensity of the attack was not significantly different from other varieties.

Pathogenicity and Detection of Phytohormone (Gibberellic Acid and Indole Acetic Acid) Produced by Fusarium spp. that Causes Twisted Disease in Shallot

The twisted disease is one of the essential diseases in shallots caused by Fusarium spp. This study aimed to study pathogenicity and identify Fusarium species isolated from shallot plants with twisted symptoms in Nganjuk and Bantul areas. The Fusarium isolates were identified and then tested for pathogenicity levels and the effect of the hormones GA3 and IAA on shallot symptoms. Molecular identification using NF2 and NF4 successfully identified one isolate of Fusarium oxysporum, three isolates of F. acutatum, and three isolates of F. solani. Each of these species produces different symptoms. Pathogenicity test showed that all isolates had disease incidence reaching 100%, except isolates of F. solani1 causing wilt and F. solani3 causing twisted have the lower disease incidence were 77.8% and 77.7%, respectively. The investigation caused twisted shallot related to different symptoms was tested using the Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) method. The result indicates that all isolates did not find IAA hormone. In contrast, the hormone GA3 was found in F. solani2 and F. solani3 isolates, caused bulb rot and twisted disease, respectively. Detection of IAA, GA3, and other hormones in shallot plants showed different symptoms should be studied further.

Uji Beberapa Dosis Minyak Daun Kemangi Ocimum basilicum Linnaeus sebagai Atraktan terhadap Bactrocera spp. pada Tanaman Cabai

Fruit flies, Bactrocera spp., are the primary pests on chili plants (Capsicum annuum Linnaeus). A safe and effective control uses traps combined with an attractant from basil leaf oil (Ocimum basilicum Linnaeus). This study aimed to determine the attractiveness of basil leaf oil against fruit flies at several different doses. This research was carried out in Organic Chemistry Laboratory STIFARM Padang, in Tabek Patah Tanah Datar area West Sumatra, and in the Pest Disease Observation and Development of Biological Agents Laboratory, Bukittinggi, West Sumatra, from June to August 2020. The treatment was in the form of different doses of basil leaf oil, which was 0,5 ml per trap, 1.0 ml per trap, 1.5 ml per trap, 2.0 ml per trap, and 2.5 ml per trap. The experiment used a completely randomized design with five treatments and three replications. This study found two species of fruit flies around chili plants, namely Bactrocera papayae and Bactrocera carambolae, which were dominated by male B. papayae. The traps containing 1.5 ml of basil leaf oil attracted the most fruit flies. Temperature and humidity significantly affect the abundance of individual fruit flies.

Aktivitas Ekstrak Daun Jarak Kepyar (Ricinus communis Linnaeus) terhadap Perkembangan Nematoda Meloidogyne spp. pada Tanaman Tomat (Lycopersicum esculentum Miller)

Meloidogyne spp. is one of the nematodes that cause root-knot on tomato plants. Thebotanical nematicide that potentially suppresses the nematode is castor bean leaves (Ricinuscommunis Linnaeus) extract. This research aimed to get the lethal concentration (LC50 andLC95) of castor bean leaves extract against nematode larvae in-vitro and their effect on thedevelopment of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) in-planta on tomato plant. Theresearch was carried out in Plant Pest and Disease Laboratory and Greenhouse of AgricultureFaculty, Universitas Andalas, using a completely randomized design (CRD) with two stages;in-vitro and in-planta. The research was used the experiment method in-vitro testing consistsof six treatments and five replications, and in-planta testing consists of three treatments andnine replications. The result showed that the application of castor bean leaves extracts invitrocan suppress Meloidogyne spp. larvae with LC50 by 0,27% and LC95 by 0,87%. Theapplication of castor bean leaves extract in-planta with treatment concentration 2xLC95(1,74%) showed effectiveness by 74,69% against the developments of Meloidogyne spp. ontomato plant roots.

Eksplorasi Jamur-Jamur yang Berasosiasi dengan Penyakit Mati Meranting pada Tanaman Kakao di Kota Padang

Branch dieback is one of the primary diseases in cacao plants. The disease affects young shoots and twigs, causes leaves to die, and leaves them bare, interfering with photosynthesis. This study aimed to determine the causative pathogens in Padang City. The locations were: Sungai Sarik Kuranji, Lubuk Minturun Koto Tangah, and Teluk Kabung Bungus. The locations have the following criteria: age ? three years, the number of plants at the location ? 50 individuals, and found symptoms of branch dieback. The research used descriptive methods. The sample represented 10% of the total number of plants at the location, was collected randomly. The results found four species of fungi associated with the disease, namely Oncobasidium theobromae, Botrydiplodia theobromae, Fusarium decemcellulare, and Fusarium sp1.