General Design Considerations for Gas Turbine Waste Heat Steam Generators

This paper represents a study of the overall problems encountered in large gas turbine exhaust heat recovery systems. A number of specific installations are described, including systems recovering heat in other than the conventional form of steam generation.

Air Starting Systems for Marine Gas Turbine Engines

The advent of large gas turbine engines aboard marine vehicles has created a demand for starting systems suitable for marine application. This paper discusses marine requirements and describes and discusses applicable pneumatic starting systems. In addition, a comparison between pneumatic and other starting methods will be presented.

Development of Inlet for an Axial Compressor

In development of an axial-flow boiler supercharger, a test program on the compressor inlet was carried out. Tests were run using a test compressor aerodynamically identical to the first three stages of the supercharger compressor. Prototype compressor inlet was compared to an axial inlet, and also to several modified inlets. While the prototype inlet showed considerably more distortion ahead of the inlet guide vanes than the axial inlet, the inlet guide vanes removed most of the distortion. As a result, overall performance of all inlet configurations was essentially the same.

Hydromechanical Fuel Control for Portable Gas Turbine Generator Sets

Controls for small lightweight gas turbines present some unique design problems. The requirements for small size, light weight, ability to rotate at high speeds to save reduction gearing, and low production cost conflict with the requirements for reasonably accurate control of very small fuel flows and the scheduling of a wide range of hydrocarbon fuels over a wide range of ambient temperatures. This paper discusses in some detail the design of such a control and the satisfactory results obtained.

The Ballistic Air Cleaner Concept for Army Vehicular Gas Turbines

The air cleaner requirements for Army vehicular gas turbines are developed and performance of the novel boundary-layer ballistic type separator is discussed. A unit specifically designed for gas turbines demonstrates high performance. This separator is compared and field results are included.

The Manufacture of Turbine Blade Airfoil Contours by Electrochemical Machining

This paper discusses the application of electrochemical machining to the production of gas turbine airfoils. A new adaptively controlled system for maintaining a constant gap between tool and work is described. This system coupled with a unique tooling concept allows the production of airfoils in difficult-to-machine materials to heretofore unobtainable tolerances.

Emulsified Fuel for Military Aircraft

An analysis of statistics of aircraft crashes shows that approximately 70 percent of the fatalities are due to fire. The fire hazards in a crash situation are largely associated with liquid fuel. These problems may be either minimized or eliminated by thickening the fuel. This paper summarizes work carried out under an Army contract (DA 44-177-AMC-387(T)) aimed at the formulation of JP-4 fuel emulsions which reduce the fire hazards associated with liquid JP-4. Two JP-4 emulsions (designated WSX-7063 and WSX-7165) which appear to meet the study contractual requirements possess 99 percent of the fuel value associated with JP-4; they reduce the rate at which combustible vapors are released; they have yield stresses which will retard flow through a tank puncture; they are stable over the temperature range of −20 F to 130 F (WSX-7165 is stable over the range of −65 F to 160 F); and they are compatible with aircraft materials of construction. WSX-7165 is being made in 1000-gal batches and it is under evaluation by various engine manufacturers. The fuel has also been tested in several simulated crash situations and the results were quite favorable.

DIGATEC (Digital Gas Turbine Engine Control)

The basic operating principles of an electronic digital computer gas turbine engine control system are presented. Closed loop turbine discharge temperature and speed controls have been implemented; their feasibility was demonstrated through hybrid digital/analog simulation and actual tests of a GE J85 turbojet engine through the start mode to maximum afterburner. Control mode description and results of the analysis and experimental runs are given in this paper.

The Role of High Temperature Gas Turbines in Power Generation

The purpose of this paper is to examine some possibilities for achieving high gas temperatures in the turbines of both open-cycle and closed-cycle plant and to show how some of the experience gained from research, development, and design of internally cooled blading for aero-engines can be applied to industrial power generation. For the short-term future, preferred schemes would seem to embrace the use of internal air cooling for open-cycle plant and refractory metals without cooling for closed-cycle nuclear plant.

The Contribution of Metallic and Ceramic Coatings to Gas Turbine Engines

Metallic and ceramic coatings enhance the quality of today’s gas turbine engines by enabling them to run longer and by increasing their reliability and efficiency of operation. Coatings give design engineers more latitude in their choice of materials for high-performance applications. Discussed here are the characteristics of coatings produced by three different means: detonation-gun process, plasma process, and diffusion process. By considering the following three parameters: (a) the nature of wear and corrosion problems in gas turbine engines, (b) the results of coated components in commercial service, and (c) the cost savings attributable to coatings, we can develop guidelines for even more effective use of coatings in the future.