On the S-25 anti-aircraft missile system. Part 1

The paper introduces and analyzes the results of research into the development of anti-aircraft missile systems through the example of the first Russian anti-aircraft missile system S-25. The study describes the capabilities of the anti-aircraft missile system as the implementation of the requirements specifications in the context of the development of military aviation technology and electronic warfare means and emphasizes the importance of cooperation between enterprises — developers of guided missile weapons. Although the latter issue is poorly covered in the Russian scientific, technical, and educational literature, it is an important problem in organizing the development of missile systems. The paper is the first to provide detailed data on the content and timing of the stages of modernization of the S-25 system, and also presents graphic material that clearly demonstrates the change in the capabilities of the S-25 system due to an intensive change in the characteristics of military aircraft.

Effect of the wing airfoil shape on the aerodynamics and performance of a jet-trainer aircraft – An optimization approach

Among the key factors in developing the performance of military aircraft are its aerodynamic characteristics and performance. This research presents the effect of shape of the wing airfoil on the aerodynamic characteristics and performance of the popular jet trainer aircraft L-39C. The aerodynamic data of different airfoil shapes were used to determine the aerodynamic characteristics and performance of the L-39C for different airfoil shapes in an effort to optimize the aircrafts aerodynamic and performance. NACA 64A012 airfoil is currently used on the L-39C, however, there may exist many airfoils that may have potential to improve the aerodynamic characteristics and hence the aircraft performance. For this purpose, a group of NACA airfoils are selected, namely, NACA 4412, NACA 2415, NACA 64212 and NACA 64215. Each of these airfoil influences the aerodynamic characteristics of the aircraft and hence its performance. For each airfoil, the aircraft performance in terms of thrust required, power required, and rate of climb at different altitudes and airspeeds are calculated and analysed. The airfoil data were calculated at cruising flight at zero angle of attack to reduce the variables that can affect the calculations. The results of the calculation and analysis showed that NACA 4412 has significant results in terms of aerodynamic characteristics although in terms of aerodynamic performance, the NACA 64A012 and NACA 4412 showed lower thrust required and power required. NACA 4412 has a (C L )max of 1.67, whereas NACA 64A012 has a (C L )max of 1.336, indicating that the airfoil stalled early at higher altitudes. NACA 4412 also showed better results in terms of aerodynamic characteristics compared to the other selected airfoils although NACA 64A012 shows some variance in the results. NACA 4412 and NACA 64A212 have shown to be promising in aerodynamic characteristics and performance where one has its own benefits over the other. Although in the end, NACA 4412 may be recommended for its aerodynamic characteristics and performance.

Corrosion problems of the metallized connection of the aircraft fabric covering – selected problems

The article comprehensively describes corrosion problems related to the structure of ground-return circuits of military aircraft with metal fuselage structure. The authors describe problems related to the usage of the fuselage as a ground-return circuit of electric current, especially with negative circuits connecting the fuselage with negative terminals of the receiver or the source, rarely discussed in the scientific literature due to the triviality of the problem. Given the necessity to reduce the measurement error, the authors use a technical method for measuring the resistance of the fuselage fabric covering with the intensity of test current increased in proportion to the surface area and the degree of folding the contact surface.

Spillover Effects of Intellectual Property Protection in the Interwar Aircraft Industry

Can strengthening intellectual property (IP) protection for producers of one good affect innovation in other related goods? To answer this question, we exploit a unique policy experiment in the interwar military aircraft industry. Airframe designs had little IP protection before 1926, but changes passed by Congress in 1926 provided airframe manufacturers with enhanced property rights over new designs. We show that granting property rights to airframe producers increased innovation in airframes, but slowed innovation in aero-engines, a complementary good where there was no change in the availability of IP protection. We propose and test a simple theory that explains these patterns.

Scientific basis for the trainer aircraft anti-g equipment requirements

The design process of a new aircraft (AC) is always associated with the issue of choosing its basic technical parameters, or, in other words, the formation of its conceptual design. In case of a civil aircraft, the choice of these parameters is defined by the requirements for operational safety, market conditions, norms that specify the tolerable harmful impact of the aircraft on the environment, etc. In case of a military aircraft, its outlay mostly depends on the concept of potential military threats, ways of using the military aircraft in military conflicts. Some of these requirements are formulated in regulatory documents – the Aviation Requirements for Civil Aircraft and the General Tactical and Technical Requirements of the Air Force for Military Aircraft. For example, Part 25 of the Aviation Requirements for Civil Aircraft defines the Airworthiness Standards for transport aircraft. It should be noted that the stated above requirements are often a tool of competition, for example, when tightening the aircraft noise abatement procedures provides advantages for particular manufacturers, not admitting other manufacturers to enter the market, whose aircraft do not conform to the new standards. Thus, complying with the requirements virtually involves additional costs both in the aircraft development and during its operation. In addition, the implementation of the requirements stated above can lead to the deterioration of the aircraft’s performance, and hence, to the decrease of its competiveness and combat effectiveness. Therefore, each requirement of the regulatory documents should have a profound scientific rationale. This article analyzes one of the regulatory documents requirements referring to the necessity of anti-g system on board aircraft. The authors propose the approach to specify the existing criterion to provide the scientific basis for the anti-g system on board aircraft by assessing the actual level of pilot load when maneuvering. The subject under study is of particular importance for the Yak-152 trainer aircraft. The actual level of loads during pilotage of the Yak-152 trainer aircraft does not require the use of the anti-g system but if to be based on a formal criterion, namely, in terms of the maximum operational overload value, the aircraft should be fitted out with such a system.

Total War System and Youth Culture in East Asia Looking at 20th Century Culture from the Changes of Mobilization Mode

In recent years, the relations between the governments of Japan, China and South Korea have been very tense. The Chinese government often sends military aircraft or warships to the Senkaku Islands (the Diaoyu Islands), and the South Korean government stationed its troops on Takeshima (Dokdo). Their domestic media also reported daily on Japan's right-leaning. An atmosphere of opposition to Japan is slowly brewing in the societies of the two countries. The media in Japan also daily report the "airspace and territorial water violations" of Chinese military aircraft and warships, as well as anti-Japanese trends in China and South Korea. The societies of the three countries are slowly permeating an atmosphere of mutual hatred. It seems that the entire East Asia lies in a vortex of opposition. In a sense, the government’s declaration and media reports, as well as the dissemination of literature and art, are all modes of mobilizing the public. But looking at the current situation in East Asia, the results of the two mobilizations are completely opposite. Behind it are mobilization changes.