A Perception on Green Production in Textile Industry for Environmental Sustainability

The purpose of this chapter is to investigate and determine the most appropriate strategy according to the results of applied methodologies and literature about waste management for the textile sector. In this research, improvement of this concept for textile sector in Turkey has been implemented by using SWOT analysis integrated with AHP framework. Based on this, the most appropriate strategy has been chosen for this industry. According to this destination, SWOT analysis has been applied and alternative strategies have been determined which are based on green production and waste management of textile products for this sector. Then this SWOT matrix has been converted into a hierarchical structure. Thus, AHP model of this application has been formed with this perception via this methodology. Consequently, determination a management strategy within environmentally oriented production for this industry will be provided to contribute the environmental sustainability. Also, this study will be given a point of general view and approach for the importance of green production and consumption.

Green Public Procurement Initiatives in East African Community (EAC)

This chapter focuses on the green public procurement initiatives taken by the countries in the East Africa. The East African Community (EAC) Head of States signed the East African Monetary Protocol Union (EMPU) protocol on November 30, 2013. One of the key ingredients in having a sustainable monetary union is to harmonize public financial management systems amongst the EAC Partner States and the EAMU protocol has referred the provision of harmonization of public procurement policies. The first stakeholder' workshop on the harmonization of public financial management standards in line with the EAC Monetary Union Protocol held during March 14-17, 2014 in Nairobi, Kenya identified green public procurement (GPP) strategy as one of the key policy areas requiring development and harmonization across the member states. This initiative should also be viewed in the context of the Member States' Public Procurement Reform Initiatives, which contains a suite of measures in relation to public procurement. Reform of the public procurement function is, and remains, driven by the need to obtain maximum value for public money in procuring works, supplies, and services.

Green Public Procurement as a Leverage for Sustainable Development

The chapter aims to highlight the advantages of GPP practices to address the environmental and economic problems, laying on the experiences of the European countries. The research has the objective to reconstruct the state of the art of green public procurement through the lens of a cross-country comparative analysis at European level. After introducing a systematic review of the literature and the core regulations of the GPP practice, the chapter underlines the results of a multidimensional analysis on a cluster of 80 GPP practices (sample updated to February 2014), identified in European Union and implemented by governments in 25 countries at central, regional, and local government level. The framework of analysis builds on several dimensions, mapping the main results on the following levels: geographic origin, the government level, GPP implementation period, main criteria for implementation, as well as environmental and economic impact of such practices.

Implementation of Green Considerations in Public Procurement

Green considerations can be applied during all phases of the public procurement process: from the pre-award to the award and post-award phase. They can be included in technical specifications, award criteria, and contract performance clauses. Technical specifications provide a detailed description to the market of the good, work, or service to be procured. They constitute the basis for drafting green award criteria, which allow contracting entities to evaluate the received bids and award the contract. Contract performance clauses can also be used by public contracting entities to introduce environmental considerations in the procurement process. These clauses are based on the capacity of the winning bidder to perform the negotiated environmental criteria. Notwithstanding the importance of GPP, green considerations are seldom applied in public procurement. Reasons can be found in the lack of appropriate regulations at national and international level, or in the actual lack of training of the procurement workforce.

Green Public Procurement Implementation Framework

Government expenditure on public procurement accounts for a sizeable part of economic activity and demand. The annual public-sector procurement budget accounts about 20% to 30% of GDP in the developing countries, which provides the countries public sector with considerable leverage to stimulate the public-sector consumptions favoring goods, works, and services using fewer resources, and less harmful to the environment. The public sector should be more responsible for supporting environmental and broader sustainable development objectives. Green public procurement (GPP) is slowly getting recognized internationally as an effective means for public administrations to manage the balance between cost-effectiveness and sustainable development. The public fund should be used responsibly to uplift the health, environment, and social life. At the same time, the goods, services, and works procured by the government must achieve value for money. This chapter focuses on the importance of green public procurement strategies that could guide the countries to successfully plan, procure, and implement green public procurement (GPP) by outlining policies, strategies, and actions to boost green public procurement. The recommended strategies are based on the international best practices and the lessons learned from the experience by different government around the world. These strategies could be updated and customized based on the specific country context and their readiness.

Green Audit for the Environmental Sustainability

Green Audit works as an environmental consultancy and reviews organizations with the aim of monitoring the performance of companies and organizations whose activities might threaten the environment and the health of citizens. Green Audit is to give citizens the information they need to be able to question when an institute or organization is destroying the environment which we all depend on. Most of the public and private organizations do not have suitable strategies to inspect or suggest the control measures be taken to avoid or reduce such environmental risk, which provided the impetus for the establishment of Green Audit. Green Audit undertakes and supports independent studies in the general areas of environmental public health, pollution, energy efficiency, and social and policy research in relevant areas. It has become increasingly clear that the scientific measurement and appraisal of human health risks, including pollution, are in the hands of the government and establishment-controlled organizations.

Strategic Implementation of Green Public Procurement in the City of Buenos Aires

As public procurement systems around the world continue their modernization process, many countries are including a new objective in their reform efforts: the implementation of public policies in the procurement process. This has been a growing trend in Latin America, where countries have shown leadership in incorporating public policies into their modernization plans, being a perfect example is the introduction of green public procurement standards. There is particular interest in incorporating sustainability in public procurement at the sub-national level where governments are directly responsible for the provision of citizen services. In the case of Argentina, the Government of the City of Buenos Aires is at the forefront of public procurement modernization, leading the country in green public procurement strategies. This chapter explores the principles and global trends that have influenced the City of Buenos Aires in implementing green public procurement and provides insight on the economic rationale and potential benefits for one of the largest metropolitan regions in LAC.

Green Public Procurement in Bhutan

Bhutan is a developing country in Asia with a strong commitment to environment and sustainability. While most of the developing world is still trying to explore the opportunities to formulate the Sustainable Public Procurement (SPP) policies and legislation, Bhutan has successfully implemented the Green Public Procurement in Bhutan (GPP Bhutan) project. The three-year project started in 2014 and ended in June 2017. It has conducted research, trained public procurers, sensitized suppliers, and piloted green public procurement projects to introduce and implement green procurement in the country. This chapter aims to discuss how the government of Bhutan has embraced the value of green public procurement (GPP) and is setting an example for other countries of how to leverage the power of the public purse to advance sustainable development. The chapter presents the success story of Bhutan from the perspective of its implementation approaches. The Bhutan strategy encompasses all spheres of national policies in line with the sustainable or green public procurement (GPP)—whereby government authorities seek to procure goods, services, and works with a reduced environmental impact throughout their life cycle, as well as with an increased positive social impact—that have the potential to drive sustainable growth in Bhutan. The chapter also at places points to Bhutan's various national policies and strategies and illustrates some examples and experiences that other emerging countries can learn from.