Perspectives of Electricity Storage in Polymer Capacitors

The price and environmental aspects of electricity storage significantly affect the application of green technologies. The electrochemical batteries are currently the best choice for storing electricity for most industrial needs and products. Polymer capacitors show very low energy density compared to conventional batteries and therefore cannot be widely used for electricity disposal. At the same time, all other features of polymer capacitors that characterize battery systems are ideal. After a brief comparison of the basic properties of electrochemical and physical batteries, this paper presents the influence of electron trapping on the energy density of a polyethylene capacitor. The presented results indicate that the phenomenon of electron trapping in polymers can increase the energy deposit of polymer capacitors.

Ion Transport through C-butyl-pyrogallol[4]arene-loaded Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Membranes

The present paper studies the natural diffusion and migration of monovalent aqueous ions through pyrogallol[4]arene cavitand-loaded poly(vinyl chloride) solid-state membranes exposed to concentration gradients, and electric fields using electrodes coated with such membranes. We have observed that ion flux through these semipermeable membranes is directly proportional to the amount of macrocycle they contain. Ion size, in this particular case, is not the most important factor to limit ion flux, but solvation numbers and energies seem to play a much more important role in the whole process.

Microencapsulation of Paraffin Wax in Melamine-Formaldehyde for use in Thermal Management Study

Melamine formaldehyde microcapsules containing paraffin wax as phase change material (PCM) were synthesized. Free space was generated in-situ inside microcapsules. These were characterized by FTIR Spectrophotometer, Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Differential Scanning colorimeter (DSC), and optical microscope. It was confirmed that PCM was successfully encapsulated inside the shell material. Encapsulated PCM showed good phase change properties during heating and cooling. Enthalpy value of about 100 J/g was observed. The shape of the microcapsule, showing rough morphology is expected to help during processing and crystallization. It has been experimentally confirmed that no leakage occurs during the melting of PCM. Effectiveness in temperature control in a hot environment was also found to be satisfactory.

Cellulose Ether-Based Liquid Crystal Materials: Review Article

The development of liquid crystal materials via nanotechnology has become an interesting subject of research in optical material chemistry. One of the significant nanomaterials is cellulose-based nanoparticles. In this review article, we highlighted the classification of liquid crystal materials (LCs), and types of cellulose-NPs and their characterization as LCs materials. Finally, we present our promising data on the synergistic effect of cellulose-NPs on liquid crystal behavior of ethyl cellulose- and hydroxypropyl cellulose- nanocomposites.

Evidence of Chemical Reaction in Binary Blends of Polycarbonate and a Semi-Flexible Liquid Crystal Polymer

In this study, we provide the experimental results of the binary blends of a semi-flexible nematic liquid crystal polymer (LCP1) and polycarbonate (PC) within their phase diagram. The LCP1/PC blends were investigated by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Optical Microscopy (OM), Wide-angle X-Ray Diffraction (WXRD), Fourier Transfer Infrared (FTIR), Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) techniques and observed the evidence of chemical reaction between LCP1 and PC in their heat-treated blends possibly by transesterification mechanism.

Synthesis and Applications of Polymeric Reagent p-Substituted Triphenylamine

Chemical modification of chloromethylstyrene - styrene copolymer throughout reaction of p-substituted carboxylic acid group of bis-(4,4`-dibromo)-4``-triphenylamine carboxylic acid with the chloromethyl group attached to a phenyl group was carried out on soluble copolymer and polymeric cross-linked copolymer. Chemical oxidation of the neutral p-substituted triphenylamine with antimony pentachloride in dichloromethane solvent gives the corresponding cation - radical salt with the counter ion antimony hexachloride (SbCl6-). The isolated deep blue color cation radical salt is soluble or in insoluble (resin) form in the copolymer was used as a thermal cationic initiator for the polymerization of epoxy and vinyl monomers at room temperature. The cation radical resin showed good activity and stability compared to the soluble polymeric cation radical, both can initiate the cationic polymerization of cyclohexene oxide and N-vinylcarbazole in dichloromethane at room temperature.