PROVODLJIVOST KOŽE I PROMENE U IZRAŽENOSTI POZITIVNOG I NEGATIVNOG AFEKTA IZAZVANE GLEDANJEM ISEČKA IZ FILMA U ODNOSU NA OPTIMIZAM I PESIMIZAM

The aim of this paper is to investigate the relation between psychogalvanic reflex and unpleasant affect induced by film, as well as the difference between optimists and pessimists regarding the induction of unpleasant affect. The sample consisted of 42 students from the Faculty of Philosophy in Niš (male, n = 4; female, n =38) aged 18 to 20 (M = 19, SD = 0.54). The following instruments were used: the revised life orientation scale (LOT-R), a brief mood introspection scale (BMIS), and eight-channel polygraph ProComp Infiniti version 4.0. Stimulus was a clip from the film “Sophie’s Choice”. Respondents watched a neutral stimulus before film clip, used as a control measure for recording the basic level of skin conductance of the respondents. The data were analysed by t-test for independent samples (for differences between optimists and pessimists) and t-test for dependent samples (for differences before and after viewing the clip). From the results we can conclude that the mood of optimists, after watching a film clip aimed at induction of unpleasant affect, changes more than the mood of pessimists (p = .000). More precisely, the mood of optimists is more “spoiled” after watching the movie clip, while the mood of pessimists does not change statistically significantly (p = .367). Skin conductance is statistically significant in both optimists (p = .001) and pessimists (p = .005). We can conclude that the induction of affect was different for these two subsamples. In view of this fact, in the subsequent papers researching affect induction, this potentially confunding variable should be taken into account.

ODNOS AFEKTIVNOG TEMPERAMENTA SA DIMENZIJAMA MENTALNOG ZDRAVLJA

This paper examines the relationship between affective temperaments (depressive, cyclothymic, hyperthymic, irritable, anxious-cognitive, and anxious-somatic) and symptoms of Terluin’s four dimensions of mental health (Distress, Depression, Anxiety, and Somatization). The sample is convenient, consisted of 190 people under the age of 35. The instruments used in the research are the following: the Serbian version of the TEMPS-A scale, which assess affective temperaments, and The Four-Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire (4DSQ). Results show that depressive and cyclothymic temperament are significant predictors of all Terluin’s dimensions. In addition, Anxiety can be significantly predicted based on hyperthymic, anxious-cognitive, and anxious- somatic temperament, and Somatization based on anxious-somatic temperament. Affective temperaments have a positive contribution to all regression models, except for hyperthymic temperament, which has a negative one. The main conclusion of the research is that in people with depressive, anxiety and somatic temperament characteristics, in stressful situations those characteristics can be intensified. Also, hyperthymic temperament, which is characterized by the largest number of desirable traits, could show a potential protective role in relation to the development of symptoms on Terluin’s dimensions.

OTPORNOST KAO PREDIKTOR DRUŠTVENO NEPRIHVATLJIVOG PONAŠANJA

The research problem has been conceptualized as an examination of the possibility to predict socially unacceptable behaviour by using resilience as a predictor. In this context, self-reported socially unacceptable behaviour has been examined, while the resilience has been analysed with regard to two aspects in which it can be conceptualized. The first one is Ego-resiliency which is defined as a personality trait, and it is related to adaption during the inhibition or expression of emotions, in an interdependent relation to the environment in which the person is. The second aspect is resilience defined through intrapersonal and interpersonal capacities of person which affect adaptation and tolerance to stress and negative life experiences. The research has been conducted by using convenience sample of 384 respondents of high school final-year students, from Republika Srpska (BiH). The hierarchical regression analysis has been used, while the applied measurement instruments were the following: RSA - Resilience Scale for Adults, Ego-resiliency scale, the scale of anti-social behaviour, as well as scales that measure dimensions of Aggressiveness and Conscientiousness from the Big five +2 instrument. The results of the hierarchical regression analysis showed resilience as a statistically significant predictor of socially unacceptable behaviour (R = .40, R2 = .160, F(4,318) = 15.09, p = .000). When it comes to individual predictors, Conscientiousness (β = -.24, p = .000) and Aggressiveness (β = .19, p = .000) are still dominant (after the two measures of resilience are added to the model in the second step), which is followed by the resilience (RSA; β = -.16, p = .012). It is important to note that Ego-resiliency has not been identified as a statistically significant predictor of socially unacceptable behavior (β = .06, p = .342). The results contribute to the understanding of antisocial behavior causes and consequently contribute to its prevention.

RAZLIKE U PROCENI ZADOVOLJSTVA ŽIVOTOM IZMEĐU OSOBA KOJE IMAJU I KOJE NEMAJU ČLANA PORODICE KOME JE POTREBA POSEBNA NEGA

Estimation of life satisfaction is an important indicator of mental health. In families where one member needs intensive care and attention, many mental health parameters start to decline, even life satisfaction. In line with that, we conducted research with a goal to explore the role of marriage quality, job satisfaction, altruism, age, education, and gender in life satisfaction in individuals that have a family member in need of intensive care or additional support (N=98) and individuals that who do not have (N=793). The instruments used were the DAS scale, a combination of the Altruism scale and Alzam scale. Life satisfaction and job satisfaction were evaluated on 10-point scale. All participants were married or in a romantic relationship at the time of research. It showed that there is a significant difference in life satisfaction between these two groups of individuals – a lower level of life satisfaction was identified in a group of individuals that has a family member in need of intensive care. Important predictors of life satisfaction in the first group of individuals were job satisfaction and risks for marriage stability, and in the second job satisfaction, partner agreement and age. Life satisfaction is higher among people who have a university degree and/ or higher education than those who have completed high school in both groups. In both groups, job satisfaction represents an important predictor of life satisfaction. Still, we noticed differences when it comes to the quality of marriage – risks of marriage stability decrease life satisfaction in a group that has a family member in need of intensive care, whereas agreement with partner contributes to life satisfaction in the second group of participants.

PROVERA KONSTRUKT VALIDNOSTI SRPSKE ADAPTACIJE REVIDIRANE COLLETT-LESTER SKALE STRAHA OD SMRTI

The aim of this study was to validate the Serbian adaptation of the Collett-Lester Fear of Death Scale–Revised (CLFODS-R). On a sample comprised of 263 participants (66% females), aged between 18 and 65 years, along with CLFODS-R, Big Five Plus Two-70 and PANAS were applied. Results support originally proposed factor structure of the scale, with differentiation of four dimensions: fear of death of self, fear of dying of self, fear of death of others, and fear of dying of others. All four dimensions significantly correlate with negative affect and neuroticism, while correlations with positive affect and extraversion are not significant, supporting the validity of the scale. Furthermore, females show higher scores on all dimensions, while older and participants with experience of the death of a close person show a lower fear of death in some of its aspects. The results suggested that the Serbian adaptation of CLFODS-R is a valid and reliable measure, and that it may find application in further examinations of fear of death.

POVEZANOST FENOMENA AFANTAZIJA SA PREFERENCIJOM KA ODREĐENIM FILMSKIM ŽANROVIMA

Aphantasia is a recently identified condition which is defined as the inability to create mental imagery. This study aimed to examine whether the level of mental imagery of respondents can be predicted based on the preference of the movie genre and to explore whether there are statistically significant differences between respondents who prefer different movie genres in terms of aphantasia. The sample consisted of 925 respondents (M= 187, F= 738). Age range in the sample was from 18 to 85 (M = 31.13; SD = 10.93). The aphantasia was operationalized through VVIQ (Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire), the Instrument for Measuring Favorite Movie Genres, made for the purpose of this research was also used. Data processing was performed on the overall score of aphantasia, as well as on separate scales of open and closed eyes, and after that on a subsample of men and women, but the results were not statistically significant in any case. Both aphantasia scales of open (α = 0.874) and closed eyes (α = 0.936) show high internal consistency reliability. The results show that the phenomenon of aphantasia cannot be predicted based on the preferences of movie genres (F(6, 918) = 0.91, p = .489, R2 = .006), as well as that there are no statistically significant differences in aphantasia between respondents who prefer different film genres (F (5/919) = 0.16, p = .976). By the method of multiple linear regression of the opposite direction, we obtained that aphantasia can statistically significantly predict only the preferences of the Comedy genre (F(2, 922) = 4.67, p =.010; R2 = .010) with β = -.12; p = .003. Since different results are obtained in the reverse order, based on aphantasia we can predict preferences for movie genres to a certain extent, which could speak in favor of previously done researches that claimed aphantasia is congenital.