scholarly journals Spondylodiscitis due to Salmonella Typhi: a series of four cases

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (11-12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavitha Saravu ◽  
Shyamasunder N Bhat ◽  
Nitin Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Microbiological Diagnosis ◽  
Variable Duration

ABSTRACT Salmonella Typhi is very rarely associated with focal bone and joint complications. Classically, they are described in patients with risk factors such as haemoglobinopathies. We report four cases of spondylodiscitis, where the aetiology was found to be Salmonella Typhi. All four cases were treated successfully with variable duration of ceftriaxone followed by cotrimoxazole. We report these cases to highlight the importance of obtaining a microbiological diagnosis and the possibility of a rare infection in endemic settings.

scholarly journals Prevalence of shigellosis and associated risk factors among undergraduate students of a private university in Ogun State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
Seyi Samson Enitan ◽  
Joan Odigie ◽  
Oluyemisi Ajike Adekunbi ◽  
Okondu Ogechukwu Emmanuel ◽  
Nwachi Idume Ogbonna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Enteric Infection ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Study Participants

This cross-sectional, institutional-based study aimed to determine the prevalence of shigellosis and associated risk factors among Babcock University students in Ogun State, Nigeria. One hundred and twenty (120) undergraduate students, 80 females and 40 males, were asked to provide stool specimen in a sterile leak-proof single-use universal bottle with a screw-capped lid. Standard microbiological techniques were used to analyse the stool samples. A questionnaire was designed to collect demographic and clinical information from participants. The data obtained were statistically analysed using the SPSS Statistics software (version 18.0). The study showed that there was no occurrence of shigellosis among the study participants (0%), but other enteric pathogens infection were present in all participants (100%). The three most common mono-infections found among the study participants included Staphylococcus aureus (40%), followed by Escherichia coli (16.7%), and Salmonella typhi and Bacillus spp. (3.3%, each). While the most common prevalence of dual-infections included Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli (33.3%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi (3.3%). The proportion of participants who were asymptomatic (66.7%) was significantly higher than the symptomatic ones (33.3%). Identified risk factors of non-Shigella enteric infection included consumption of beef, vegetables, fruits, poultry/poultry products, as well as street foods, poor hand hygiene before eating, anal cleaning, and poor hand hygiene after toileting. Although shigellosis did not exist among undergraduate students of Babcock University, this study highlighted the existence of other enteric infections among the study participants. Therefore, the necessary preventive measures should be ensured and sustained.

scholarly journals Culture proven Salmonella typhi co-infection in a child with Dengue fever: a case report

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (09) ◽  
pp. 1033-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rangan Srinivasaraghavan ◽  
Parameswaran Narayanan ◽  
Thandapani Kanimozhi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Dengue Outbreak ◽  
Concurrent Infections

Infectious diseases are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Sometimes concurrent infections with multiple infectious agents may occur in one patient, which make the diagnosis and management a challenging task. The authors here present a case of co-infection of typhoid fever with dengue fever in a ten-year-old child and discuss the pertinent issues. The authors emphasize that the risk factors predicting the presence of such co-infections, if developed, will be immensely useful in areas where dengue outbreak occurs in the background of high transmission of endemic infections.

Fungal Keratitis in the Egyptian Delta: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Microbiological Diagnosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Nashwa Sadik ◽  
Sara Mohamed Elzeiny ◽  
Yasmine Emad Ali ◽  
Doaa Sobeih
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Fungal Keratitis ◽  
Microbiological Diagnosis

scholarly journals Risk factors for transmission of Salmonella Typhi in Mahama refugee camp, Rwanda: a matched case-control study

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Nyamusore ◽  
Marie Rosette Nahimana ◽  
Candide Tran Ngoc ◽  
Olushayo Olu ◽  
Ayodeji Isiaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Refugee Camp ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Typhoid Fever in Children Attending “Deo Gratias” Hospital in Douala, Littoral Region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teh Exodus Akwa ◽  
Nguimbous Simone
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Typhoid fever is a communicable disease transmitted by the bacteria Salmonella typhi, related to serotype paratyphi A, B and C. The disease is of a significant health concern in most developing countries especially Cameroon. Objectives: The study aimed at determining the prevalence and associated risk factors of typhoid fever in children ( 0-18 years) attending the “Deo Gratias” hospital in Douala. Method: A hospital base cross sectional study from August to September 2018 was carried out in patients’ age 0-18 years suffering from typhoid fever at the Deo gratias Catholic hospital. Widal slide agglutination test was the diagnostic test used. Positive tested patients were administered questionnaires to evaluate the level of knowledge, attitude and practice toward the disease, as well as their self-management abilities. Data obtained from respondents was analysed by descriptive statistics. One-way ANOVA and means comparison using Tukey’s test (α = 0.05) was performed to check whether the population of respondents differed significantly across risk factor practices. Results were finally presented on bar charts, tables and pie chart. Results: Typhoid fever was more prevalent in females (52.3%) than in males (47.7%), with a high proportion in the ages 5-9 years (38.6%). A significant difference was observed in population of respondents across risk factor practices. Conclusion: Water quality have a great impact on the burden of typhoid fever among children. The identification of risk factors associated to the disease is of great importance in the development of rational control strategies of the disease.

scholarly journals 1526. Epidemiology of and Risk Factors for Nontyphoidal Salmonella Bacteremia in Children: A 20-Year Retrospective Cohort

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S556-S556
Author(s):  
Tara L Greenhow
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Population Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Kaiser Permanente ◽  
Enteric Infections ◽  
Incident Rate ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background Nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) infections are the most common culture-confirmed foodborne illness in the United States. One to five percent of enteric infections due to NTS result in bloodstream infection (BSI). Host risk factors for NTS BSI include extremes of age and chronic or immunosuppressing conditions. Methods This was a retrospective review of the electronic health records (EHRs) of all blood cultures collected from January 1, 1999 to December 31, 2018 at Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) positive for Salmonella spp. The speciation and group of all Salmonella spp. were extracted from the microbiology records. Using KPNC population data, the incidence rate of NTS BSI by age and year of infection was calculated. Using a test for trend, the trend in rates of NTS BSI was determined. Risk factors for complicated NTS BSI using clinical and laboratory data were calculated. Results From 1999 to 2018, there were 212 cases of NTS BSI and 104 cases of Salmonella typhi and paratyphi BSI. The average number of cases per year was 10.6 (range 3–25). There were 14,952,802 evaluable children over the 20 years, with an average of 747,640 per year. The incident rate of NTS bacteremia was 1.4 per 100,000 children per year. The trend to increasing cases was not statistically significant (Figure 1). The distribution of NTS BSI cases were 114 (54%) Group B, 33 (15.5%) Group C, 31 (14.5%) Group D, 19 (9%) Groups E or G and 15 (7%) other/nonspecified. The predominant NTS pathogen was Salmonella heidelberg occurring in 37 (17.5%) cases. Forty-five percent of children were female. (Table 1) Forty-two percent of children were less than 3 years old with a steady rate after age 3. Two (0.9%) children had an underlying immunodeficiency, three (1.4%) additional with a malignancy and 16 (7.5%) with underlying non-immunosuppressing comorbidities. Conclusion Despite improvements in food safety, the rates of NTS bacteremia have not decreased over the last two decades. The rate of NTS was 1.4 per 100,000 children per year with the highest proportion in children less than 3 years. Two percent had underlying immunosuppressing comorbidities. Although only 10% had underlying comorbidities, this was substantially higher than the population at KPNC. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Risk factors for typhoid fever in an endemic setting, Karachi, Pakistan

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. LUBY ◽  
M. K. FAIZAN ◽  
S. P. FISHER-HOCH ◽  
A. SYED ◽  
E. D. MINTZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Microbiological Water Quality

We conducted a study to evaluate risk factors for developing typhoid fever in a setting where the disease is endemic in Karachi, Pakistan. We enrolled 100 cases with blood culture-confirmed Salmonella typhi between July and October 1994 and 200 age-matched neighbourhood controls. Cases had a median age of 5·8 years. In a conditional logistic regression model, eating ice cream (Odds ratio [OR]=2·3; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1·2–4·2, attributable risk [AR]=36%), eating food from a roadside cabin during the summer months (OR=4·6, 95% CI 1·6–13·0; AR=18%), taking antimicrobials in the 2 weeks preceding the onset of symptoms (OR=5·7, 95% CI 2·3–13·9, AR=21%), and drinking water at the work-site (OR=44·0, 95% CI 2·8–680, AR=8%) were all independently associated with typhoid fever. There was no difference in the microbiological water quality of home drinking water between cases and controls. Typhoid fever in Karachi resulted from high-dose exposures from multiple sources with individual susceptibility increased by young age and prior antimicrobial use. Improving commercial food hygiene and decreasing unnecessary antimicrobial use would be expected to decrease the burden of typhoid fever.

scholarly journals Risk factors for typhoid fever among adult patients in Diyarbakir, Turkey

2005 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 612-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. HOSOGLU ◽  
M. K. CELEN ◽  
M. F. GEYIK ◽  
S. AKALIN ◽  
C. AYAZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Regression Modelling ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Control Study

We conducted a case-control study to assess risk factors for typhoid fever in Diyarbakir, Turkey, a region where transmission of Salmonella typhi is endemic. We prospectively identified febrile patients from Diyarbakir and the surrounding area who were admitted to hospital. Cases were defined as patients who had S. typhi isolated from at least one blood culture. Sixty-four cases with blood culture-confirmed S. typhi were identified between May 2001 and May 2003. In total, 128 age- and sex-matched controls selected from neighbourhoods as cases were enrolled. We hypothesized that consumption of raw vegetables contaminated with sewage would be associated with an increased risk of typhoid fever. Conditional logistic regression modelling revealed that living in a crowded household (OR 3·31, 95% CI 1·58–6·92, P=0·002), eating cig kofte (a traditional raw food) (OR 5·29, 95% CI 2·20–12·69, P=0·000) and lettuce salad (OR 3·55, 95% CI 1·52–8·28, P=0·003) in the 15 days prior to symptoms onset was independently associated with typhoid fever. We conclude that living in a crowded household and consumption of raw vegetables outside the home increase the risk of typhoid fever in this region.

scholarly journals Two cases of Salmonella breast abscess in pregnancy: a diagnostic challenge

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 2885
Author(s):  
Aishwarya Parthasarathy ◽  
Kundavi Shankar ◽  
Suresh Anand
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Complete Resolution ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Breast Abscess ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Unknown Risk ◽  
Localized Disease ◽  
In Pregnancy

Breast abscess in pregnancy due to Salmonella has been very rarely reported in the literature and most of the cases till now are due to unknown risk factors or in otherwise immunocompromised adults. Localized disease can occur due to bacteremia followed by seeding of bacteria at distant sites. We report two cases of breast abscess in pregnancy cause by Salmonella typhi where drainage of abscess and appropriate antibiotics helped in complete resolution.

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