Journal of Biota
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Published By Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta

2527-323x, 2527-3221

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Oktira Roka Aji ◽  
Hasna Chaerani Zakkiyah

Pythium sp. menyebabkan penyakit rebah kecambah pada berbagai macam tumbuhan. Semangka, mentimun, dan pisang adalah beberapa contoh tanaman yang sering terkena penyakit rebah kecambah yang disebabkan oleh cendawan tersebut. Lempuyang wangi (Zingiber aromaticum Val.) merupakan bahan alami yang bisa dijadikan sebagai biofungisida karena mengandung zat aktif, yaitu zerumbon, flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, kurkumin dan lain-lain, sehingga perlu dilakukan kajian mengenai pemanfaatannya sebagai antifungi pada tanaman. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menentukan konsentrasi optimum ekstrak rimpang lempuyang wangi (Zingiber aromaticum Val.) dalam menghambat pertumbuhan cendawan Pythium sp. dan menentukan persentase aktivitas antifungi optimum dari ekstrak lempuyang wangi (Z. aromaticum Val.). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi optimum dari ekstrak lempuyang wangi dalam menghambat pertumbuhan cendawan Pythium sp. adalah 50%. Persentase aktivitas antifungi optimum dari ekstrak lempuyang wangi sebesar 51,9725%.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Donan Satria Yudha ◽  
Krisogonus Yudha Parama Putra ◽  
Rury Eprilurahman

Kepiting infraordo Brachyura dikelompokkan ke dalam 53 familia yang tersebar di seluruh dunia. Di Indonesia dapat ditemukan 40 familia kepiting non air tawar dan tiga familia endemik kepiting air tawar, yaitu: Potamidae, Gecarcinudae, dan Parathelpusidae. Karapas dan capit (chela) merupakan bagian tubuh kepiting yang dapat digunakan untuk identifikasi taksonomi. Beberapa fragmen fosil kepiting yang dijumpai di Indonesia biasanya berupa bagian karapas dan capit. Panduan mengenai karakter morfologi karapas dan capit anggota infraordo Brachyura belum tersedia terutama untuk identifikasi fosil kepiting di Indonesia, sehingga perlu dikaji. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji karakter morfologi karapas dan capit sebagai karakter diagnostik kepiting sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan dalam identifikasi fosil kepiting. Spesimen yang diteliti adalah koleksi dari Laboratorium Sistematika Hewan Fakultas Biologi, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Metode yang digunakan yaitu komparasi morfologi dan karakteristik dari karapas dan capit serta studi referensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakter karapas dan capit, meliputi: bentuk karapas, ornamentasi karapas bagian lateral dan dorsal, salah satu capit membesar, tuberkula pada gigi capit, dan bentuk capit, dapat digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis kepiting infraordo Brachyura dan dapat dijadikan referensi untuk identifikasi fragmen fosil kepiting yang dijumpai di Indonesia terutama di Pulau Jawa.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Merti Triyanti ◽  
Destien Atmi Arisandy

Spesies capung di Bukit Cogong Kabupaten Musi Rawas banyak ditemukan, namun belum terdata dengan baik sehingga perlu dilakukan pendataan jenis capung dan kajian mengenai keanekaragaman. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji keanekaragaman capung famili Libellulidae di Bukit Cogong Kabupaten Musi Rawas. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik menjelajah transek dengan menentukan 3 stasiun pengamatan. Setiap stasiun terdiri dari 5 buah transek dengan luas transek 100x100 m. Penangkapan famili libellulidae di Bukit Cogong Kabupaten Musi Rawas menggunakan jaring net, pengidentifikasian dengan melakukan pengamatan ciri-ciri morfologi capung famili Libellulidae. Terdapat 5 spesies capung dari famili Libellulidae yang ditemukan, yaitu: Orthetrum sabina, Neurothemis fluctuans, Bracythemis contaminata, Rhodothemis rufa, dan Onycothemis culminicola. Komposisi jenis yang paling tinggi yaitu Orthetrum sabina sebesar 46,34%, sedangkan yang paling rendah yaitu Onycothemis culminicola sebesar 6,09%. Indeks keseragaman termasuk kategori tinggi, komunitas stabil, indeks dominansi (C) termasuk kategori rendah dan indeks keanekaragaman termasuk kategori rendah dengan nilai sebesar 1,61.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Nelsiani To'bungan ◽  
Wibowo Nugroho Jati ◽  
Felicia Zahida

Rumput Knop (Hyptis capitata Jacq.) memiliki sejarah etnobotani. Informasi mengenai keamanan pemanfaatan rumput Knop sebagai obat tradisional perlu untuk dilakukan. Uji keamanan dilakukan dengan uji toksisitas. Uji toksisitas akut dengan Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) dilakukan sebagai uji toksisitas awal. Batang rumput Knop diekstrak dengan  metode maserasi, menggunakan penyari etanol. Ekstrak etanol batang rumput Knop dibuat dengan berbagai konsentrasi, yakni 1000, 500, 250, 125 dan 62,5 µg/ml. Larva Artemia salina (L.) diberi paparan ekstrak etanol batang rumput Knop selama 24 jam. Toksisitas ekstrak ditentukan berdasarkan jumlah larva yang mati setelah paparan ekstrak. Jumlah larva yang mati, dianalisis dengan analisis probit untuk menentukan nilai LC50. Kandungan senyawa fitokimia dalam ekstrak etanol batang rumput Knop diuji dengan uji fitokimia kualitatif. Besar nilai LC50 ekstrak etanol batang rumput Knop adalah 880,579 µg/ml. Ekstrak etanol batang rumput Knop mengandung steroid. 


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Kuntum Febriyantiningrum ◽  
Dwi Oktafitria ◽  
Nia Nurfitria ◽  
Nurul Jadid ◽  
Dewi Hidayati

Mining activities can cause environmental damage, and needs land rehabilitation efforts. One approach to land rehabilitation after mine is with repairing the ecosystem condition by improving the quality of the soil, with increase fertility and enriching soil nutrient content by providing a biofertilizer from microbe, such as mycorrhizal fungi.  This study aims to determine the potential use of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (MVA) as a biofertilizer by examining the effect of MVA on the growth of corn plant (Zea Mays). Applicated indigenus MVA was able to increase the absorption of phosphorus (P) nutrients in the soil by corn plant so it had an effect on increasing the height and diameter of the corn plant stalks. MVA has the potential as a basic material for making biofertilizer, so it can be used to improve soil quality and environment in ex-limestone mining areas.  


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Maria Hesty Febriana ◽  
Ekawati Purwijantiningsih ◽  
Pramana Yuda

Gatot is a traditional food from fermented cassava. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can be found in fermented cassava food, gatot. Lactic acid bacteria can produce an antimicrobial compound for inhibiting pathogen microorganism. The aim of this research were isolation and identification LAB from gatot and antimicrobial activity test against Bacillus cereus and Aspergillus flavus. Three isolates from raw gatot and three isolates from cooked gatot used in this research. Isolation of LAB was conducted using pour plate method, purification is conducted by streak plate method, the antimicrobial test was conducted by agar well diffusion and molecular identification was conducted by PCR colony method using LABFw and R16RDNA-1492bac primer. Lactic acid bacteria from cooked gatot identified as Enterococcus sp. FTBUAJY04, Enterococcus sp. FTBUAJY05, Enterococcus sp. FTBUAJY06, while LAB from raw gatot identified as Lactococcus lactis strain FTBUAJY01, Lactococcus lactis strain FTBUAJY02 dan Lactococcus lactis strain FTBUAJY03. The results obtained from the inhibition zone test showed that all isolates were able to inhibit the growth of B. cereus and A. flavus.  The greatest inhibition zone against B. cereus was shown by LAB Gt5 supernatant or L. lactis supernatant strain FTBUAJY02 of 1.87 ± 0.67 cm2, while the results of the greatest inhibition zone against A. flavus was LAB Gt6 supernatant or L. lactis supernatant strain FTBUAJY03 of 3.83 ± 0.73 cm2.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Celvia Carlinawati Ndruru ◽  
Maria Marina Herawati

Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) have a short shelf life because these tubers can experience decay and premature germination. Therefore, innovation is needed in shallot processing, one of which is by processing shallots into pasta products. This research conducted the making of onion paste with the addition of vegetable oil to improve the quality of the paste. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of vegetable oil concentration treatment on shelf life and quality of shallot paste and to determine the level of preference for the panelists to shallot paste by organoleptic test. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD), namely one treatment factor with the addition of vegetable oil concentrations of 30%, 25%, and 20%. The data were analyzed using variance, if the results were significantly different, then it was further tested with DMRT with a significant level of 5%. The results showed that the concentration of vegetable oil on shelf life and quality of shallot paste were not significantly different so that the addition of vegetable oil concentration had no effect on shelf life and quality of shallot paste. Panelists preferred color and taste parameters of shallot paste with the addition of 30% vegetable oil. Meanwhile, for the pasta aroma that the panelists like, the paste with the addition of 25% and 20% vegetable oil.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Diah Nurul Aini ◽  
Hanifa Hanifa ◽  
Dessy Sari Mulfa ◽  
Tetty Marta Linda

Oil palm plantations are very extensive in Indonesia which have produced oil palm solid waste in the form of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB, shells and fibers. Generally, OPEFB is processed into compost but has a constraint that requires a long time of three months. The solution is to provided bioactivators.  This study aims to determine variations in the amount of cellulolytic bioactivators in composting OPEFB that is 0 ml (P1), 50 ml (P2), 75 ml (P3) and 100 ml (P4). Composting is carried out at an incubation laboratory scale for 45 days. The best research results were obtained in P4 treatment with compost quality: N-total of 2.13; C-organic: 35,45 and C/N ratio 16,68 which are in accordance with SNI standards. This cellulotic bioactivator can be developed for the production of TKKS compost on a larger scale.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Nurhayati Anwar ◽  
Mayta Novaliza Isda

AbstractGotu kola (Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.) is a medicinal plant that contains chemical compounds as triterpenoids and saponins.  The chemical compounds can be produced quickly using in vitro callus induction.  The callus is a very important source of planting material in regenerating new plants.  Therefore, by inducing callus the need for seedling in large quantities achievable in a short time.  This study aimed to determine the effect of the BAP single and combination of BAP and NAA, and determine the effective concentration of a BAP single and combination of BAP and NAA on callus induction of gotu kola leaf explant using in vitro method.  This study used Complete Randomized Design (CRD) which consisted of nine treatments (control, 1 mg/l BAP, 2 mg/l BAP, 1 mg/l BAP + 0,1 mg/l NAA, 2 mg/l BAP + 0,1 mg/l NAA, 1 mg/l BAP + 0,3 mg/l NAA, 2 mg/l BAP + 0,3 mg/l NAA, 1 mg/l BAP + 0,5 mg/l NAA, 2 mg/l BAP + 0,5 mg/l NAA) with five replication for each treatment. Data obtained from observation were analyzed descriptively.  The results of this research showed that a single BAP and combine of BAP and NAA were able provide a response in the form of colour, swelling and callus formation.  The best concentration that from the most optimal callus and the highest callus growth (+++) is the treatment of P5 ( 1 mg/l BAP + 0,3 mg/l NAA) which is equal to 100% with the caracteristics of green callus and callus covering the entire surface of explants.  All the callus produced was textured compact, while the colour of the callus was green and brown.Keywords: Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.), Callus, BAP, NAA AbstrakPegagan (Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.) merupakan tanaman berkhasiat obat yang mengandung berbagai bahan aktif seperti triterpenoid dan saponin.  Bahan aktif tersebut dapat diproduksi dengan cepat menggunakan teknik induksi kalus secara in vitro.  Kalus merupakan sumber bahan tanam yang sangat penting dalam meregenerasi tanaman baru.  Oleh karena itu, dengan menginduksi kalus kebutuhan bibit dalam jumlah banyak dapat dicapai dengan waktu singkat.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan BAP tunggal dan kombinasi BAP dan NAA, dan menentukan konsentrasi terbaik dari penambahan BAP tunggal dan kombinasi BAP dan NAA terhadap pembentukan kalus dari eksplan daun pegagan secara in vitro. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas 9 (sembilan) perlakuan (kontrol, 1 mg/l BAP, 2 mg/l BAP, 1 mg/l BAP + 0,1 mg/l NAA, 2 mg/l BAP + 0,1 mg/l NAA, 1 mg/l BAP + 0,3 mg/l NAA, 2 mg/l BAP + 0,3 mg/l NAA, 1 mg/l BAP + 0,5 mg/l NAA, 2 mg/l BAP + 0,5 mg/l NAA) dan masing-masing diulang sebanyak 5 (lima) ulangan.  Data hasil pengamatan yang diperoleh dibahas secara deskriptif karena tidak semua ulangan menghasilkan kalus.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian perlakuan BAP tunggal dan kombinasi penambahan BAP dan NAA mampu memberikan respons pada eksplan daun pegagan berupa perubahan warna, pembengkakan dan terbentuknya kalus.  Konsentrasi terbaik yang mampu membentuk kalus paling optimal dan pertumbuhan kalus paling tinggi (+++) yaitu perlakuan P5 ( 1 mg/l BAP + 0,3 mg/l NAA) yakni sebesar 100% dengan ciri-ciri kalus berwarna hijau dan kalus menutupi seluruh permukaan eksplan.  Semua kalus yang dihasilkan bertekstur kompak, sedangkan warna kalus yang dihasilkan hijau dan coklat.Katakunci: Pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.), Kalus, BAP, NAA


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Mellissa Erlyn Stephanie Ledo

Soy sauce is generally made from soybeans. However, palm oil has the potential to be used as an ingredient in soy sauce which can be combined with tempeh flour. This study aims to assess the protein content of lontar juice with variations in the concentration of tempeh flour. The research method used in this study was an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) factorial, with the treatment of tempeh flour concentrations of 0%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 10%. The results showed that the treatment with the addition of 10% tempeh flour gave the product with the highest protein content compared to other treatments, namely 4.90%. In addition, the organoleptic test of soy sauce which includes color, aroma, taste, and viscosity in the addition of 10% tempeh flour showed the best results.


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