PHOTODYNAMIC POTENTIAL OF XANTHENIC PHOTOSENSITIZERS ABOUT A STANDARD STRAIN OF PSEUDOMONES AERUGINOSA

Introduction: Microbial control has proven to be an increasingly difficult obstacle to be controlled, making it a constant research focus. Researchers seek new alternative methods guaranteeing treatment without the use of antimicrobials or associating them, since its used has being neglected, causing an increase in the resistance of microorganisms, making it even more difficult to choose a treatment. The microorganism under study was Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a gram-negative, highly virulent bacterium found in the community and in a hospital environment, with difficult control due to its high capacity for antibiotic resistance, favored by the incorrect use of antibiotic therapies. Photodynamic Therapy consists of the use of a dye associated with the irradiation of a light on the microorganism, promotes dye-light-bacteria interaction, so that it can be inhibited or have its capacity for proliferation reduced. Objective: This research aimed to present an alternative method to its treatment through the use of xanthene dyes and a photosensitizer in a way that would sensitize the bacteria. Plants of the Baixada Maranhese (Punica granatum and Terminalia cattapa) and an LED light source that was irradiated for 40 seconds. The combinations between dye, plant extracts and elimination were organized into 7 groups. Results: The two most successful groups had combinations with the dye Rosa-bengal and in the presence of light, their bactericidal potential was strengthened. In the group in which Punica granatum extract was used alone, there was bacterial proliferation in the absence of the light source; in its presence, the reduction of colonies was not aesthetically relevant. Conclusion: Photodynamic Therapy presents itself as a new resource, acting independently of antibiotic therapy, avoiding and, concomitantly, reducing bacterial resistance. Thus, it appears as a viable alternative in the treatment of patients with “diabetic foot”, considering its possible application with different types of photosensitizers or even in combination with traditional drugs, in addition to the use of several light sources with lengths of different waveforms for the treatment of infections in epithelium and mucous membranes.

POTENTIALS OF NUTRITIONAL FOLLOW-UP IN A DIABETIC PATIENT HOSPITALIZED WITH ULCERATION TABLE IN PLANT REGION

Introduction: Approximately 15% of diabetic individuals are affected with foot ulceration, one of the main causes of lower limb amputation. The percentage of diabetic survival after amputation of a lower limb (MI) is 50% three years after the surgical procedure and the mortality rate varies between 39% to 68% after five years. The impact on the quality of life of diabetic people is high, not only economically, the feelings involved contribute to a negative prognosis. Therefore, adequate metabolic and nutritional control, as well as periodic assessment of immunity and comorbidities, should be part of the therapeutic routine of diabetic patients. Experience report: The work in question refers to the nutritional approach performed on a 71-year-old female patient admitted to the hospital with an ulcer in the right plantar region. In anthropometry, the nutritional status indicators indicated eutrophy with nutritional risk. The biochemical evaluation identified anemic condition and sepsis. Physical evaluation showed the presence of edema in the right and left MI. Glycemic and blood pressure levels were monitored daily. A hypercaloric and hyperprotein diet was prescribed, plus protein supplementation with specific immunomodulators for special metabolic situations that prevent energy-protein malnutrition, in addition to the adequacy of vitamins and minerals, in order to avoid nutritional deficiencies arising from the drug-nutrient interaction. Nutritional monitoring lasted 13 days. Ulceration regressed from the entire plantar region, only to the right hallux, which was amputated. Final considerations: There was an improvement in nutritional and biochemical parameters until hospital discharge.

The Two-way Street between Periodontal Diseases and Diabetes

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is initiated by the accumulation of dental biofilm, where dysbiosis leads to a chronic non-resolving condition, and destructive inflammatory response. The destruction of tissues that we clinically recognize as periodontitis (that is, destruction of the periodontal ligament, periodontal pocket formation and alveolar bone resorption) is caused mainly by the host’s inflammatory response to the bacterial challenge presented by the biofilm [38]. Periodontitis affects, in its severe forms, approximately 10% of the global population, which represents almost 750 million people worldwide[16]. The prevalence of periodontitis among all adults aged 30 years and over registered by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in the United States is 46% [8]. In addition, periodontitis has been found to be more severe and 3 times more likely to occur in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) compared to the general population [14,25], and the level of glycemic control is the key to determining risk, and similar to other diabetes complications, the risk of periodontitis increases with a worse glycemic index [33]. DM, a chronic non-communicable metabolic disease, occurs when blood glucose levels are increased, or because the body cannot produce any, or enough insulin, or use insulin effectively [15].