scholarly journals The Two-way Street between Periodontal Diseases and Diabetes

2021 ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
◽  
◽  
◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Periodontal Pocket ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Dental Biofilm ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is initiated by the accumulation of dental biofilm, where dysbiosis leads to a chronic non-resolving condition, and destructive inflammatory response. The destruction of tissues that we clinically recognize as periodontitis (that is, destruction of the periodontal ligament, periodontal pocket formation and alveolar bone resorption) is caused mainly by the host’s inflammatory response to the bacterial challenge presented by the biofilm [38]. Periodontitis affects, in its severe forms, approximately 10% of the global population, which represents almost 750 million people worldwide[16]. The prevalence of periodontitis among all adults aged 30 years and over registered by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in the United States is 46% [8]. In addition, periodontitis has been found to be more severe and 3 times more likely to occur in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) compared to the general population [14,25], and the level of glycemic control is the key to determining risk, and similar to other diabetes complications, the risk of periodontitis increases with a worse glycemic index [33]. DM, a chronic non-communicable metabolic disease, occurs when blood glucose levels are increased, or because the body cannot produce any, or enough insulin, or use insulin effectively [15].

scholarly journals Periodontal Disease and COPD

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Swarga Jyoti Das
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Airflow Obstruction ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Increased Risk

Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disease caused predominantly by Gram-negative, anaerobic, and microaerophilic bacteria that colonise the subgingival area though modified by environment, physical, social and host stresses. It results in progressive destruction of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone with increased probing depth, recession, or both [1]. Throughout the history of mankind, it has been believed that oral diseases and maladies including periodontal disease may have an effect on the rest of the body. Over the centuries, writings from the ancient Egyptians, Hebrews, Assyrians, Greeks and Romans, have all noted the importance of the mouth in overall health and well-being. Thus, the concept of linking periodontitis and systemic diseases could be traced back to the beginning of recorded history and medicine [2]. Periodontal disease has been linked to an increased risk of various systemic diseases, including the respiratory diseases e.g. pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) [3]. COPD is a generic term defined by the presence of airflow obstruction with excess production of sputum resulting from chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema. It has been recognized as one of the major causes of death and disability globally and is the fourth leading cause of death in United States [4]. The aetiology of COPD is complex and multifactorial, involving multiple genetic and environmental factors [5]. An enhanced or abnormal inflammatory response to inhaled particles or gases, beyond the normal protective inflammatory response in the lungs, is a characteristic feature of COPD and is potential to produce lung injury

Evaluation of hemomicrocirculation of periodontal tissues in localized periodontitis of traumatic etiology

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
A. V. Smirnova ◽  
Iu. F. Semiglazova ◽  
D. A. Kuzmina
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Functional Condition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Periodontal Pocket ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Gastrointestinal Problems ◽  
Frequent Relapses ◽  
Adaptive Reaction

Relevance. The necessity of somatic health evaluation in patients with local inflammatory periodontal processes is determined by frequent relapses of the periodontal diseases. Low effectiveness of the widespread treatment methods and the lack of long-term remission of the disease is caused by the insufficient assessment Based on the clinical examination, diagnosis and laboratory tests, to determine the correlation between the somatic pathology and adaptability of the adult body in patients with localized periodontitis due to trauma. Materials and methods. Advanced examination was carried out in 169 subjects, aged 45-75 y.o., with mild to moderate localized periodontitis due to trauma. The somatic condition was assessed by laboratory and functional tests. Results. 1-2 somatic diseases were revealed in 39.3% of patients with mild localized periodontitis caused by trauma (periodontal pocket depth up to 4 mm). 3 and more comorbidities were detected in 35.3% of patients. Gastrointestinal problems, cardiovascular diseases, allergic conditions, anemiа and respiratory diseases were most frequently encountered. In moderate localized periodontitis caused by trauma and periodontal depth of 4-6 mm, 23.9% of patients had 1-2 comorbidities, while 62.7% of patients had 3 and more diseases. Gastrointestinal problems, cardiovascular diseases, anemia, allergic conditions and urogenital diseases were more frequent. A strong correlation was revealed between the type of adaptive reaction and the degree of localized periodontitis caused by trauma. Thus, the risk of moderate localized traumatic periodontitis development increases by 1.8 times in tense adaptive reaction, and by 3.45 times - in poor adaptation reaction. Conclusion. Functional condition of the body adaptability, which is essential for the development of the treatment strategy, could be determined by the evaluation of the physical condition, peripheral blood tests (entropy of WBC differential, C-reactive protein) in patients with localized periodontitis caused by trauma. The adaptive reaction tension and decrease were detected in patients with 3 or more comorbidities.

Review of Biguanide (Metformin) Toxicity

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 863-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Sam Wang ◽  
Christopher Hoyte
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Atp Hydrolysis ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Galega Officinalis ◽  
Lower Glucose

In the 1920s, guanidine, the active component of Galega officinalis, was shown to lower glucose levels and used to synthesize several antidiabetic compounds. Metformin (1,1 dimethylbiguanide) is the most well-known and currently the only marketed biguanide in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia for the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Although phenformin was removed from the US market in the 1970s, it is still available around the world and can be found in unregulated herbal supplements. Adverse events associated with therapeutic use of biguanides include gastrointestinal upset, vitamin B12 deficiency, and hemolytic anemia. Although the incidence is low, metformin toxicity can lead to hyperlactatemia and metabolic acidosis. Since metformin is predominantly eliminated from the body by the kidneys, toxicity can occur when metformin accumulates due to poor clearance from renal insufficiency or in the overdose setting. The dominant source of metabolic acidosis associated with hyperlactatemia in metformin toxicity is the rapid cytosolic adenosine triphosphate (ATP) turnover when complex I is inhibited and oxidative phosphorylation cannot adequately recycle the vast quantity of H+ from ATP hydrolysis. Although metabolic acidosis and hyperlactatemia are markers of metformin toxicity, the degree of hyperlactatemia and severity of acidemia have not been shown to be of prognostic value. Regardless of the etiology of toxicity, treatment should include supportive care and consideration for adjunct therapies such as gastrointestinal decontamination, glucose and insulin, alkalinization, extracorporeal techniques to reduce metformin body burden, and metabolic rescue.

scholarly journals Guided Tissue Regeneration – A Boon to Surgical Periodontal Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 471-474
Author(s):  
Dr. Akhilesh Sankhyayan ◽  
Dr. Anil Sharma ◽  
Vidushi Jindal ◽  
Dr. Malvika Thakur ◽  
Dr. Vikas Jindal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Periodontal Regeneration ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Guided Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Periodontal Pocket ◽  
Pocket Formation

Periodontitis has been a chronic inflammatory disease of the gingiva which eventually result in periodontal pocket formation with loss of the associated periodontal ligament and alveolar bone around teeth. Guided tissue regeneration (GTR), which is often a target for periodontal treatment, has the ability to promote periodontal regeneration. The development of the periodontal attachment is primarily concerned with tissue regeneration.Based on such concept, guided tissue regeneration is being utilized to varying degree of success to restore periodontal defects. In order to remove epithelium as well as gingival corium from the root and/or existing bone walls on the assumption that they interfere with regeneration, barrier techniques have been applied, using elements like expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, polyglactine, polylactic acid, calcium sulfate and collagen.

scholarly journals Comparative Analyses of Subgingival Microbiome in Chronic Periodontitis Patients with and Without IgA Nephropathy by High Throughput 16S rRNA Sequencing

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 774-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yali Cao ◽  
Min Qiao ◽  
Zhigang Tian ◽  
Yan Yu ◽  
Baohua Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Gingival Recession ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
16S Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Periodontal Pocket ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Comparative Analyses ◽  
Rrna Sequencing

Background/Aims: Periodontitis is a prevalent chronic inflammatory disease caused by enhanced inflammation induced by dysbiotic microbes forming on subgingival tooth sites, which may disturb the balance of the microbial composition in the biofilm and finally result in the progressive destruction of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone with periodontal pocket formation and/or gingival recession. Methods: To elucidate the correlation between subgingival microbiome and IgAN incidence in CP (chronic periodontitis at severe levels) patients, subgingival plaque samples were collected from CP patients without IgAN (Control) and CP patients with IgAN (Disease). 16S rRNA sequencing and comparative analyses of plaque bacterial microbiome between Control and Disease were performed. Results: Subgingival microbial diversity in Disease was a little higher than that in Control. Besides, significant differences were found in subgingival microbiome between Disease and Control. Compared with that in Control, at phylum level, the abundances of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were significantly higher while the abundances of Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, Spirochaetae, Synergistetes, and Saccharibacteria were significantly lower in Disease; at class level, the abundances of Betaproteobacteria, Bacilli, Actinobacteria, Flavobacteriia, and Gammaproteobacteria were significantly higher while the abundances of Bacteroidia, Fusobacteriia, Negativicutes, Clostridia, and Spirochaetes were significantly lower in Disease; at genus level, the abundances of Bergeyella, Capnocytophaga, Actinomyces, Corynebacterium, Comamonas, Lautropia, and Streptococcus were significantly higher while the abundances of Treponema and Prevotella were significantly lower in Disease. Conclusions: Our data indicated a correlation between the changes in subgingival microbial structure and IgAN incidence in CP patients, which might be used to predict IgAN incidence in CP patients.

scholarly journals Understanding the microbial components of periodontal diseases and periodontal treatment-induced microbiological shifts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Fragkioudakis ◽  
Marcello P. Riggio ◽  
Danae Anastasia Apatzidou
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Periodontal Pocket ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Susceptible Host ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
Microbial Identification ◽  
Dental Biofilm

In the mid-1960s the microbial aetiology of periodontal diseases was introduced based on classical experimental gingivitis studies . Since then, numerous studies have addressed the fundamental role that oral microbiota plays in the initiation and progression of periodontal diseases. Recent advances in laboratory identification techniques have contributed to a better understanding of the complexity of the oral microbiome in both health and disease. Modern culture-independent methods such as human oral microbial identification microarray and next-generation sequencing have been used to identify a wide variety of microbial taxa residing in the gingival sulcus and the periodontal pocket. The first theory of the ‘non-specific plaque’ hypothesis gave rise to the ‘ecological plaque’ hypothesis and more recently to the ‘polymicrobial synergy and dysbiosis hypothesis’. Periodontitis is now considered to be a multimicrobial inflammatory disease in which the various bacterial species within the dental biofilm are in a dysbiotic state and this imbalance favours the establishment of chronic inflammatory conditions and ultimately the destruction of tooth-supporting tissues. Apart from the known putative periodontal pathogens, the whole biofilm community is now considered to play a role in the establishment of inflammation and the initiation and progression of periodontitis in a susceptible host. Treatment is unlikely to eliminate putative pathogens but, when it is thoroughly performed it has the potential to establish a healthy ecosystem by altering the microbial community in numbers and composition and also contribute to the maturation of the host immune response.

Here’s the TIP (Tri-Immuno – Phasic periodontal therapy) – A dive to thrive!

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 288-292
Author(s):  
Kahon Chakraborty ◽  
Sachin S Shivanaikar ◽  
Darsha Jain
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Alternative Technique ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
The Past

Periodontitis is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease of the periodontium that destroys periodontium due to the exaggeration of the host immune responses to the disease-causing perio-pathogens, resulting in attachment loss and bone loss, eventually leading to loss of the tooth. Various advancements in modalities of treatment of periodontal disease have occurred in the past few years to overcome the disadvantages of traditional periodontal therapies as well as to improve the clinical outcomes. The Tri-Immuno – phasic periodontal (TIP) therapy is one such new technique developed by William Hoisington which is a minimally invasive, efficient, safe, and less traumatic alternative technique for treating periodontal diseases. TIP therapy is based on the fact that periodontal tissues heal in the same way as other parts of the human body. TIP therapy is an aerobic method of treating periodontal diseases that modulates various phases of the host immune system to eliminate the perio-pathogens and form a new attachment, and also attempts to regenerate the alveolar bone. The TIP therapy method includes - Bone One Session Treatment (BOST), controlling the occlusal forces, oral hygiene reinforcement with adjuvant modalities, lifestyle modifications, enhancing nutrition, and exercise.

Gingivitis in Mice and the Role of Angiogenesis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ali Saghiri ◽  
Mona Momeni Moghadam ◽  
Amir Fakharzadeh ◽  
Steven M Morgano ◽  
Armen Asatourian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Oral Care ◽  
Periodontal Pocket ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Saliva Secretion ◽  
Angiogenic Proteins ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Abstract Background Gingivitis is the first step in an abnormal oral condition, which degrades connective tissue and eventually converts to periodontal diseases leading to alveolar bone and tooth loss. Thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) and Bcl-2 are key regulators of angiogenesis. The transition from gingivitis into periodontitis has four stages and disease progression depends very heavily on changes to the surrounding vasculature structures. We hypothesized that vascular dysfunction plays an important role in the progression of gingivitis. Here we have measured Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) levels in TSP1 and Bcl-2-deficient mice, in which vascular structures are affected, while also looking at the roles that age and gender play in this process. Methods Thirty mice (15 males and 15 females) were divided into three groups of ten (n=10): group A (WT), group B (TSP1 -/-), and group C (Bcl-2 -/-) were subjected to collection of Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF). Saliva was collected from different groups of mice after subcutaneous injection of pilocarpine. For the WT group, GCF was monitored for 3, 4, 5 and 6 weeks and the contribution of age was also considered. RESULTS: Samples from Bcl-2 -/- mice showed significantly lower levels of GCF and salivary secretions, while TSP1-/- mice were larger and secreted more saliva. Moreover, the TSP1-/- mice GCF level was significantly higher than that of both the WT and Bcl-2 -/- mice. CONCLUSIONS: The absence of Bcl-2 and TSP1 significantly affects the amount of GCF flow in mice. This current study confirms the important role that alteration of pro- and anti-angiogenic factors can play in the progression of gingivitis and in the amount of salivary secretions. Thus, this type of modulation of angiogenic proteins provides a great opportunity and a novel platform for developing enhanced oral care products of the future. TSP1 showed significantly more saliva secretion, and a larger volume of periodontal pocket. This means that higher level saliva secretion can affect periodontal pocket volume and eventually oral hygiene.

ANALYSIS OF THE CONTENTS OF THE PERIODONTAL POCKET IN CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
Станислав Валерьевич Микляев ◽  
Ольга Михайловна Леонова ◽  
Андрей Валерьевич Сущенко ◽  
Антон Дмитриевич Козлов
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Economic Problem ◽  
The Body ◽  
Periodontal Pocket ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Normal Microflora ◽  
Obligate Anaerobic

Микрофлора человека - сложная саморегулирующая система, способная восстанавливаться при грамотной коррекции. Исследования последних лет показали, что нарушение нормального микробиоценоза полости рта растет из года в год и у жителей Российской Федерации превышает 90 %, вызывая при этом воспалительные заболевания в тканях пародонта, и, как правило, сопровождается дисбиозом полости рта, выраженность которого соответствует степени поражения пародонта. Одно из ведущих мест в развитии данной патологии занимает резидентная облигатно-анаэробная и микроаэрофильная микрофлора полости рта. Изучение микробиологического состава пародонтальных карманов (ПК) при воспалительных заболеваниях тканей пародонта (ВЗТП) имеет большое значение непосредственно для эффективного лечения и понимания патогенетических этапов этих заболеваний. Достаточно серьезной проблемой современной стоматологии как в нашей стране, так и за рубежом являются заболевания пародонта. Указанная патология снижает принятый ВОЗ критерий качества жизни и приводит к преждевременной потере зубов и представляет серьезную медицинскую, социальную и экономическую проблему. Первичным фактором, вызывающим поражение пародонта, являются бактерии зубного налета. Этиологическая структура инфекционных процессов в последнее десятилетие значительно изменилась, что связано с постоянной эволюцией микробов и вовлечением в патологический процесс условно-патогенных микробов, которые могут выступать в качестве комменсалов в составе нормальной микрофлоры и проявлять свою патогенность при снижении иммунного статуса организма The human microflora is a complex self-regulating system that can be restored with proper correction. Recent studies have shown that the violation of the normal microbiocenosis of the oral cavity increases from year to year and in the residents of the Russian Federation exceeds 90 %, causing inflammatory diseases in the periodontal tissues, and, as a rule, is accompanied by dysbiosis of the oral cavity, the severity of which corresponds to the degree of periodontal damage. One of the leading places in the development of this pathology is occupied by the resident obligate-anaerobic and microaerophilic microflora of the oral cavity. The study of the microbiological composition of periodontal pockets (PC) in inflammatory diseases of periodontal tissues (VSTP) is of great importance directly for the effective treatment and understanding of the pathogenetic stages of these diseases. Quite a serious problem of modern dentistry both in our country and abroad are periodontal diseases. This pathology reduces the WHO-accepted quality of life criterion and leads to premature tooth loss, and is a serious medical, social and economic problem. The primary factor that causes periodontal disease is plaque bacteria. The etiological structure of infectious processes has changed significantly in the last decade, which is due to the constant evolution of microbes and the involvement of conditionally pathogenic microbes in the pathological process, which can act as commensals in the normal microflora and show their pathogenicity with a decrease in the immune status of the body

scholarly journals Rehabilitation of patients who suffered an ischemic stroke by methods of ozonotherapy, kinesiotherapy, physiotherapy and acupuncture

2018 ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
I. Dovguy ◽  
N. Svyrydova
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oxygen Mixture ◽  
Cerebral Stroke ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Neuronal Membranes ◽  
Structural And Functional Properties ◽  
The World ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Among the cerebrovascular diseases of the acute cerebrovascular accident, so-called clinical practice, cerebral stroke is characterized by a special gravity of the course and a high percentage of adverse outcome. In the world annually 16 million strokes are registered, the socio-economic significance of the problem is caused, in the considerable disability of patients, the number of which in the world is more than 60 million. Under the influence of the ozone-oxygen mixture in the blood of ozone are formed that move with the flow of blood throughout the body. Much of the ozonides penetrate the brain through the blood-brain barrier, where they provide, first of all, the membrane-stabilizing effect, by improving the structural and functional properties of the lipid layer of the neuronal membranes. Ozone therapy can lower blood glucose levels, so it is important for the prevention of stroke, especially in patients with diabetes, in addition to its effects on cellular metabolism and the stimulation of endogenous mechanisms to combat chronic oxidative stress.

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