Antiquity

The choice of culture-data sources for studying the evolution of consciousness uses a sequence of four cultures. The most significant features of the depicting space in the reliefs and murals of the Aegean (Krito-Mycenaean) civilization, the classical period of Hellenism, Etruscan civilization, late republican, and imperial Rome are considered. Representations of the World Tree occupied a peripheral place in ancient mythology, but unexpected is the revival of myth - in the form of a legend about the crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus Christ. The adoption of Christianity completes the ancient era. When analyzing markers of evolutionary changes, the most active channels were identified. The results of the reconstruction of behavior patterns are presented in the form of generalized psychological portraits of representatives of the main estates of the Late Antiquity. The features of their collective behavior are described.

Eneolith

Since the number of Eneolithic cultures has grown considerably in contrast with the previous epochs, it was necessary to determine the criteria and select the cultural content. The choice of the Cucuteni-Tripolye and the Harappa-Mohenjo-Daro, as well as of the Eurasian steppe cultures has been substantiated, and the artifacts for analysis have been selected. Comparisons of the space depicting features with the characteristics of Neolithic painting have been performed. A detailed reconstruction of the World Tree myth has been carried out, and features of the Eneolithic version have been compared with the Neolithic ones. The correlations of markers and the state of levels and channels of subjective space are determined. A generalized psychological portrait of a man of the Eneolithic era is compiled, and his behavioral patterns are described.

Human Evolution

The main events and circumstances of human evolution are considered: classification of hominids, first descriptions, localization, chronology; artifacts characterizing their material and cultural activities; modern reconstruction of lifestyle and resettlement; and modern theories explaining the structural features of hominids and the processes of their occurrence. The manifestations of intelligent activity are discussed, in particular, their dependence from the structure of the body, the size, and complexity of the brain, for which comparisons with various animals are made. Particular attention is paid to unresolved or controversial issues. This material is necessary to assess the possibilities of the self-organization of complex systems theory (second chapter): if it adequately models the characteristics of a human's origin, then it can be used to understand the evolution of human mind and in the subsequent period, up to the current state.

Practice as a Criterion of Truth

The conditions of comfort for representatives of all psychotypes and subtypes are determined. They can be extended to the main estates of modern society. The same conditions are fundamental in determining the goals of designing a dwelling, including its relationship with the environment, style, functionality, transformability, and controllability, space-planning solutions, color solutions, selection of materials and equipment, and subject content. Peaceful relations in the family, in society, with the environment, are an essential condition for comfort. Possible conflicts and the opportunities to resolve them by using the dwelling are given and classified. Rational spending of money to get the most comfortable dwelling is a very essential component of our comfort/discomfort! And the solution to these problems, based on the theory of self-organization, is also given in this chapter.

Paleolithic

The examples of Paleolithic painting, their dating and cultural context are given. Basically, these are the works found in the caves of Chauvet, Altamira, Lascaux. The features of space depicting and some other features of the images been analyzed. Their difference from the contemporary patterns of space depicting been discussed. The connection of such signs with the levels of subjective space is established, which allows us to judge the development of its channels. The origin of the World Tree myth dates back to the Paleolithic epoch, there are very few images to judge upon its plot. Nevertheless, it is possible to reconstruct the Paleolithic version of the myth, based upon indirect signs. It also gives the chance to judge upon the state of mind of the Paleolithic humans. The results of the reconstruction of the mind and behavior of the Paleolithic human are presented in the form of a generalized psychological portrait and description of the behavior pattern.

Self-Organization

The paradoxes of evolution are considered from the perspective of self-organization theory. The S-elements having several modalities, and this circumstance will help to understand why evolution is happening exactly this way. The evolution does not stop at the formation of human of a modern type. Slight changes in the human body and huge changes in his mind have occurred; the evolution markers should be defined. Behavior is another aspect of evolution. A simple criterion for determining psychological types may be the relative development of channels of human-environment interaction. The way of interaction determines preferential needs, motivations, and patterns of behavior, what, in turn, determines social structure and place of a specific human in it. Here a reservation is necessary - of course, the ideology, origin, historical and other circumstances are of great importance, after all, a particular human may have two or more dominant channels, but his inclinations will still determine his social behavior.

Modern Human Mind

The ways of depicting space in the paintings of modern artists is considered. The modern version of the World Tree myth is described. A qualitative assessment of the activity of the channels of human interaction with the environment, from the time of the Upper Paleolithic to the present, illustrated by changes in plot and expressive means of the World Tree myth was obtained. Markers of an evolutionary changes are analyzed and the most active channels are established. The results are presented in the form of generalized psychological portraits and descriptions of behavior patterns. Simple tests of personality research were selected and how to use the test data to compile an individual psychological portrait was selected; this is necessary to determine personal motivation and needs, as well as conditions of comfort.

Self-Organization

In the previous chapter, theoretically possible scenarios of self-organization of complex systems were described. Now, the one that is most suitable for modeling human consciousness are chosen. The validity of the choice is determined by the correspondence of the scenario to the facts related to the structure of the body, mental organization, internal self-regulation, and interactions with the environment. Verification shows that it is necessary to choose a scenario (1S, 1O). Based on it, the “human-environment” model is constructed, which is a 1-type model. Within the framework of this model, the characteristics of the levels and channels of human interaction with the environment, the mechanisms of the occurrence of exchanges and perceptions, the limits of self-regulation, and the definitions of important characteristics of the human personality are determined. The findings discuss some of the epistemological consequences of adopting the human-environment model.

Renaissance

The influence of the Greco-Roman art and the art of the Middle Ages on depicting space in the pictorial art of the Italian Renaissance is considered. It is shown that the linear perspective, opened by the masters of the Italian Renaissance, not only reproduces the image of a homogeneous and continuous space, but also due to the presence in the picture of a single vanishing point of straight lines perpendicular to the picture plane, creates a feeling of unlimited space. Methods of the depicting space by the Northern Renaissance masters are reconstructed; the differences from the linear perspective are shown and the advantages of using a curved perspective are analyzed. In analyzing the markers of evolutionary changes, the most active channels were obtained. The results are shown in the form of generalized psychological portraits. The behavior patterns of the main estates representatives were reconstructed.

Ancient World

The features of depicting space in the reliefs and murals of Ancient Egypt are considered. Attention is drawn to the preservation of the connection of ancient Egyptian art with primitive art in sacred paintings and to the evolution of the ways of depicting space in secular scenes. There is enough material to reconstruct the ancient Egyptian version of the World Tree myth and to establish links with other archaic myths and ideas about the World Tree in the synchronous cultures of the Middle East. When analyzing markers of evolutionary changes, the most active channels were established and the forecast of the self-organization scenario was checked. The results are presented in the form of generalized psychological portraits and behavior patterns of representatives of the main estates.