Depressive Symptoms as Relative and Attributable Risk Factors for First-Onset Major Depression

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewald Horwath
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Attributable Risk ◽  
First Onset

scholarly journals Risk factors for major depression during midlife among a community sample of women with and without prior major depression: are they the same or different?

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1653-1664 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Bromberger ◽  
L. Schott ◽  
H. M. Kravitz ◽  
H. Joffe
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Health Related ◽  
First Onset ◽  
Mental Health Study

BackgroundWomen's vulnerability for a first lifetime-onset of major depressive disorder (MDD) during midlife is substantial. It is unclear whether risk factors differ for first lifetime-onset and recurrent MDD. Identifying these risk factors can provide more focused depression screening and earlier intervention. This study aims to evaluate whether lifetime psychiatric and health histories, personality traits, menopausal status and factors that vary over time, e.g. symptoms, are independent risk factors for first-onset or recurrent MDD across 13 annual follow-ups.MethodFour hundred and forty-three women, aged 42–52 years, enrolled in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation in Pittsburgh and participated in the Mental Health Study. Psychiatric interviews obtained information on lifetime psychiatric disorders at baseline and on occurrences of MDD episodes annually. Psychosocial and health-related data were collected annually. Cox multivariable analyses were conducted separately for women with and without a MDD history at baseline.ResultsWomen without lifetime MDD at baseline had a lower risk of developing MDD during midlife than those with a prior MDD history (28% v. 59%) and their risk profiles differed. Health conditions prior to baseline and during follow-ups perception of functioning (ps < 0.05) and vasomotor symptoms (VMS) (p = 0.08) were risk factors for first lifetime-onset MDD. Being peri- and post-menopausal, psychological symptoms and a prior anxiety disorder were predominant risk factors for MDD recurrence.ConclusionsThe menopausal transition warrants attention as a period of vulnerability to MDD recurrence, while health factors and VMS should be considered important risk factors for first lifetime-onset of MDD during midlife.

Screening in Cardiovascular Care

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett D. Thombs ◽  
Roy C. Ziegelstein
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Cardiac Events ◽  
Epidemiologic Evidence ◽  
Cardiac Outcomes ◽  
Scientific Advisory ◽  
Cardiovascular Care

There is great interest in screening in cardiovascular settings but little evidence that implementation of screening will affect depression or cardiac outcomes despite the epidemiologic evidence that depression predicts cardiac events and mortality. Since this chapter was accepted, in October 2008 the American Heart Association (AHA) Working Group published a Scientific Advisory recommending that all patients with cardiovascular disease be screened for depression, although this recommendation was not based on a systematic review of the evidence. Several weeks after release of the Scientific Advisory, a systematic review of depression screening in cardiovascular care was published but did not find evidence that patients with cardiovascular disease would benefit from screening for depression. The authors of the review noted that no published trials have assessed whether screening for depression improves depressive symptoms or cardiac outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease, suggesting that the recommendations of the AHA Scientific Advisory were premature. High rates of depression were first documented among patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the late 1960s. Early research on depression in CVD focused on patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and conceptualized depression as an acute reaction to a catastrophic medical event. In the 1990s, groundbreaking work by Frasure-Smith and colleagues demonstrated a connection between major depression during hospitalization for AMI and subsequent mortality. Since then, many other studies have identified major depression or depressive symptoms as risk factors for mortality and recurrent cardiac events among patients with AMI or unstable angina pectoris (together known as acute coronary syndromes [ACS]) even after controlling for other known risk factors, although not all studies have reported a significant association. Other studies have reported that depression among patients with ACS is related to decreased quality of life and poor adherence to secondary prevention behaviors, including smoking cessation, taking prescribed medications, exercising, and attending cardiac rehabilitation. Less research on the relationship between depression and mortality has been done in other CVD patient groups, although similar links have been reported in studies of patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), for instance.

Multiple domains of risk factors for first onset of depression in adolescent girls

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgia Michelini ◽  
Greg Perlman ◽  
Yuan Tian ◽  
Daniel Mackin ◽  
Brady Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Mood Disorder ◽  
Peer Relationships ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Neural Response ◽  
Parental Criticism ◽  
First Onset ◽  
Emotional Pictures ◽  
Multiple Domains

Background: First onsets of depression are especially common in adolescent females and often develop into chronic/recurrent illness. Surprisingly few studies have comprehensively evaluated multiple domains of etiologically-informative risk factors for first onset in adolescents from the community. We investigated whether clinical, cognitive, personality, interpersonal, and biological risk factors are prospectively associated with first onset of DD, and of DD with a chronic/recurrent course, in a community sample of adolescent girls.Methods: 479 girls (13.5-15.5 years) with no history of DD completed baseline assessments of risk factors and five diagnostic assessments over 3 years. Baseline measures were analyzed separately and jointly to prospectively predict first-onset DD and first-onset chronic/recurrent DD.Results: Most risk factors predicted first-onset DD (n=93), including depressive symptoms, anxiety disorders, rumination, personality traits, blunted neural response to emotional pictures, peer victimization, parental criticism, and parental mood disorder. Among these, depressive symptoms, rumination, parental mood disorder, and parental criticism were independently associated with first onsets. Nearly all measures, including a blunted neural response to rewards (RewP), also predicted first-onset chronic/recurrent DD (n=52), with depressive symptoms, low extraversion, poor peer relationships, and blunted RewP emerging as independent risk factors. Conclusions: Multiple domains of risk factors in early adolescence are prospectively associated with first-onset DD and chronic/recurrent DD. A smaller subset of risk factors uniquely contributing to first onsets may represent core vulnerabilities for adolescent-onset depression and promising targets for multi-component prevention strategies.

scholarly journals Shared and specific genetic risk factors for lifetime major depression, depressive symptoms and neuroticism in three population-based twin samples

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (16) ◽  
pp. 2745-2753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth S. Kendler ◽  
Charles O. Gardner ◽  
Michael C. Neale ◽  
Steve Aggen ◽  
Andrew Heath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Genetic Risk Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Equation Modeling

AbstractBackgroundVulnerability to depression can be measured in different ways. We here examine how genetic risk factors are inter-related for lifetime major depression (MD), self-report current depressive symptoms and the personality trait Neuroticism.MethodWe obtained data from three population-based adult twin samples (Virginia n = 4672, Australia #1 n = 3598 and Australia #2 n = 1878) to which we fitted a common factor model where risk for ‘broadly defined depression’ was indexed by (i) lifetime MD assessed at personal interview, (ii) depressive symptoms, and (iii) neuroticism. We examined the proportion of genetic risk for MD deriving from the common factor v. specific to MD in each sample and then analyzed them jointly. Structural equation modeling was conducted in Mx.ResultsThe best fit models in all samples included additive genetic and unique environmental effects. The proportion of genetic effects unique to lifetime MD and not shared with the broad depression common factor in the three samples were estimated as 77, 61, and 65%, respectively. A cross-sample mega-analysis model fit well and estimated that 65% of the genetic risk for MD was unique.ConclusionA large proportion of genetic risk factors for lifetime MD was not, in the samples studied, captured by a common factor for broadly defined depression utilizing MD and self-report measures of current depressive symptoms and Neuroticism. The genetic substrate for MD may reflect neurobiological processes underlying the episodic nature of its cognitive, motor and neurovegetative manifestations, which are not well indexed by current depressive symptom and neuroticism.

Risk Factors for Major Depression

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Horwath ◽  
J. Johnson ◽  
G. L. Klerman ◽  
M. M. Weissman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Major Depression

scholarly journals The prevalence and risk factors for depressive symptoms in frontline nurses under COVID-19 pandemic based on a large cross-sectional study using the propensity score-matched method

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyan Wang ◽  
Xiaoling Dai ◽  
Zichuan Yao ◽  
Xianqing Zhu ◽  
Yunzhong Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Poor Sleep Quality ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Introduction To explore the prevalence of depressive symptoms and the associated risk factors in frontline nurses under COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from February 20, 2020 to March 20, 2020 and involved 562 frontline nurses. The effective response rate was 87.68%. After propensity score matched, there were 498 participants left. Extensive characteristics, including demographics, dietary habits, life-related factors, work-related factors, and psychological factors were collected based on a self-reported questionnaire. Specific scales measured the levels of sleep quality, physical activity, depressive symptoms, perceived organization support and psychological capital. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were determined by binary paired logistic regression. Results Of the nurses enrolled in the study, 50.90% had depressive symptoms. Three independent risk factors were identified: poor sleep quality (OR = 1.608, 95% CI: 1.384–1.896), lower optimism of psychological capital (OR = 0.879, 95% CI: 0.805–0.960) and no visiting friend constantly (OR = 0.513, 95% CI: 0.286–0.920). Conclusions This study revealed a considerable high prevalence of depressive symptoms in frontline nurses during the COVID-19 outbreak, and identified three risk factors, which were poor sleep quality, lower optimism of psychological capital, and no visiting friend constantly. Protecting mental health of nurses is important for COVID-19 pandemic control and their wellbeing. These findings enrich the existing theoretical model of depression and demonstrated a critical need for additional strategies that could address the mental health in frontline nurses for policymakers.

scholarly journals Longitudinal relationship of diabetes and depressive symptoms in older adults from Mexico: a secondary data analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e001789
Author(s):  
Teresa Alvarez-Cisneros ◽  
Paloma Roa-Rojas ◽  
Carmen Garcia-Peña
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Health Factors ◽  
Longitudinal Association ◽  
Common Risk Factors ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Relationship Of

IntroductionSeveral studies have argued a causal relationship between diabetes and depression, while others have highlighted that their association is a result of common risk factors. Because Mexico is a country with a high prevalence of diabetes, and diabetes and depression are a frequent comorbidity, we chose this country to investigate the longitudinal relationship of these two conditions, focusing on the influence of demographic, health, and socioeconomic factors which could act as common risk factors for both conditions.Research design and methodsUsing the harmonized Mexican Health and Aging Study, a nationally representative sample of adults older than 50 with a response rate of 93%, we analyzed the longitudinal relationship of diabetes and depressive symptoms using ‘between-within’ random-effects models, focusing on the effect of demographic, socioeconomic and health factors.ResultsWhile older adults with diabetes reported a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms in the four waves of the study, there was no causal longitudinal association between them once controlling for demographic, socioeconomic and health factors (between-effect OR=0.88, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.01; within-effect OR=0.87, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.11).ConclusionsThere is no causal longitudinal association between diabetes and depression; the higher prevalence of depression among older adults with diabetes seems a result of socioeconomic and health factors that are not exclusive to respondents with diabetes but are more frequent in this group. Our results highlight the importance of prevention and control of chronic conditions as well as the role of socioeconomic inequalities in mental health.

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