'Pre-Olympic' games, now in progress, demand world-class medical teamwork

JAMA ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 258 (6) ◽  
pp. 741-742
Author(s):  
V. M. Cowart
Keyword(s):  
Olympic Games ◽  
World Class

The age, height, and body mass of Olympic swimmers: A 50-year review and update

2020 ◽  
pp. 174795412097179
Author(s):  
Adam Mallett ◽  
Phillip Bellinger ◽  
Wim Derave ◽  
Mark Osborne ◽  
Clare Minahan
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
World Class ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Gender Specific

A difficulty in identifying the optimal age, height, and body mass of swimmers is the heterogeneity of the athletes examined (i.e., gender, caliber), the variability in race distance and stroke, and the influence of time. Nonetheless, age, height, and body mass remains the most readily available data of all athlete characteristics, supporting their contribution to the prediction of performance. This review presents the findings of previous studies over the last 50 years and offers new insights by examining data from swimmers competing at the 1968, 1992, and 2016 Olympic Games. Our data investigates gender differences in age, before exploring gender-specific variations in the age, height, and body mass across year, distance, stroke, and caliber. We show that there are differences in swimmers competing at the 2016 compared to the 1968 and 1992 Olympic Games. Today the age of world-class swimmers is independent of gender, race distance and stroke, as well as caliber. Swimmers competing in freestyle are taller and heavier than in butterfly, while height remains associated with performance in some, but not all events in female swimmers. In 2016 the average age, height and body mass of World-class swimmers is 22.7 ± 3.6 and 23.2 ± 23.3 years, 175.1 ± 6.6 cm and 188.3 ± 6.0 cm and 63.8 ± 6.8 and 81.3 ± 7.3 kg for females and males respectively. These findings provide coaches with a new perspective on the optimal age, height, and body mass of world-class female and male swimmers.

scholarly journals Comparative study of wing spikers on offensive efficiency actions in obtaining points in high performance competitions

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
Cristian Șanta ◽  
Radu-Cristian Stupar
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Mental Ability ◽  
World Class ◽  
Made In

Abstract The aim of the study is to assess the effectiveness of world-class offensive players over a period of two years, players who have qualified and participated in the Rio 2016 Olympic Games and also in the 2017 Volleyball World League. The variables used for this comparison are: the height of the players, the spot for striking the ball, the number of attacks made in each match, the number of points awarded after attacks, while considering for analysis the outside hitter and opposite positions. High-performance players record 250-300 shares in a 5-set match, about 269 jumps, the center player about 223 jumps, the outside hitter around 197, and the opposite 128 jumps, resulting in an average of 194 jumps, according to Piucco T, Santos S., (2009). Success in sports games especially in high-performance competitions is determined by the mental ability of the player that ensures personal efficiency.

scholarly journals From Grass Roots to World Class (A Strategy for Delivering Physical Activity)

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Istvan Kiraly ◽  
Andrea Gál
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Beijing Olympic Games ◽  
Home Team ◽  
Grass Roots ◽  
Class A ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
World Class ◽  
Elite Sports

From Grass Roots to World Class (A Strategy for Delivering Physical Activity)During the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, the Hungarian sports team's performance was worse than expected by most of the Hungarian people and the leaders of the Hungarian sports establishment. The Hungarian athletes returned home with a much lower medal tally than in previous decades. More than two years have elapsed since the Olympic Games, but instead of analysing the real reasons for the poor performance, most of the debates in Hungary are about whether we will restore our reputation by taking 8-10 gold medals in the 2012 London Olympics.People in the United Kingdom are also full of hope for a great medal tally in London, not just because of the "home team advantage" but also by reason of the UK's outstanding performance in 2008. The British team finished fourth in the final medal table at the Beijing Olympic Games despite their poor performance one-and-half decades ago in Atlanta, surprising not just the British but also the whole world. By this time, the British strategy was to invest not just in elite sports but also in grass-roots participation sports. If Hungary wants to enhance its elite sports, it must engage in similar changes. It is clear from the latest data that the Hungarian XXI Sports Strategy's aim of making Hungary a sporting nation seems an illusion. Participation sports, which are the foundation of national sporting success and provide the future talents for the elite sports sector, are in need of urgent and substantive reform.By means of secondary analyses and document analyses this article discusses the current state of British sport using the latest data. It then examines recent reforms in English participation sports as well as the latest sports strategy in England and its objectives. In all this, it makes comparison with what is happening in Hungary. The upshot is that Hungary and Britain differ at many points throughout the whole process, from strategy planning to implementation. These contrasts explain the differences in the effectiveness of the British and Hungarian processes. We hope that the outcome of this examination of the efficient Western European process and its comparison with the unsuccessful Hungarian system will assist those responsible for the development of participation sports and elite sports in Hungary.

scholarly journals Olympic Games Rio 2016: The Legacy for Coaches

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Lúcia Padrão dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Professional Education ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
The Status ◽  
World Class ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Sports Coaches ◽  
Education In Brazil ◽  
The Olympic Games

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to identify the legacy of the Olympic Games for sports coaches with a special focus on professional education. Thus, in framing this study, two research questions are posed: 1) How did Olympic Games affect the characteristics of the educational activities for coaches? 2) What was the perception about the coaches' education in Brazil, and the legacy of the event for coach's education and career? The methodology used was the content analysis of the websites of National Sports Confederations, Institutions of Higher Education in the State of Rio de Janeiro, and the National and Regional Professional Councils in Brazil, totaling 70 institutions. Concomitantly, interviews were conducted with members of the Ministry of Sport, the Brazilian Olympic Academy, and the Federal Council of Physical Education. The interview questions were grounded on the theoretical framework of Sports Policy Factors Leading To International Sporting Success - SPLISS, which included: 1) the existence of well-trained and experience elite coaches in the country; 2) opportunities to develop their coaching career to become a world-class elite coach; 3) the status of coaches and the recognition of their work as valuable throughout the country. The results indicated that the event brought few benefits to coaches. In addition, according to the interviews, coaches play a secondary role in the organization of the Olympic Games, although they are considered fundamental for the development of the sport. Based on the results, this study discusses the education of coaches and the perceived importance of coaches according to the sports and educational institutions.

scholarly journals KINEMATIC ANALYSIS OF DOUBLE BACK STRAIGHT SOMERSAULT AND DOUBLE BACK STRAIGHT SOMERSAULT WITH FULL TWIST ON RINGS

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Kolimechkov ◽  
Iliya Yanev ◽  
Iliya Kiuchukov
Keyword(s):  
Angular Velocity ◽  
Standard Method ◽  
Kinematic Analysis ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Execution Phase ◽  
The World ◽  
Successful Execution ◽  
World Class ◽  
The Olympic Games

The rings are one of the six apparatuses in men's artistic gymnastics. The final element in a rings’ routine is in many cases a crucial skill for scoring the routine. Most of the medallists on rings from the Olympic Games and World Championships for the last 20 years performed either the double back straight somersault or the double back straight somersault with a full twist. The purpose of this study was to conduct a kinematic analysis of double back straight somersault and double back straight somersault with a full twist on rings. The participants selected for this study were the world-class gymnasts Filip Yanev and Jordan Jovchev. The dismounts were recorded with a DV camera by following a standard method of kinematic analysis. During the execution phase, the ankle speed of Gymnast 1 reached 11.11 m/s and that of Gymnast 2 was 11.29 m/s, and the angular velocity increased substantially to 10.0 rad/s and 9.05 rad/s for Gymnast 1 and 2, respectively. The rotational impulse was sufficient for the successful execution of both dismounts. The actions of Gymnast 2 needed for the full twist, including a small arm asymmetry, began just before releasing the rings. The arching-to-piking action beneath the rings, as well as the powerful pull, combined with a sufficient swing of the legs, are crucial factors for the successful execution of the dismounts.

The Gait Patterns of Olympic Dressage Horses

1990 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy R. Deuel ◽  
Jong-Jin Park
Keyword(s):  
Motion Picture ◽  
Stride Length ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Stride Frequency ◽  
Special Test ◽  
Gait Patterns ◽  
Contact Patterns ◽  
World Class ◽  
Left Lead

Limb contact variables of the gaits of dressage horses were determined for competitors at the 1988 Seoul Summer Olympic Games in the team and individual dressage competitions. Two 16-mm motion picture cameras filming at 100 fps were aimed perpendicular to the plane of equestrian motion along the HXF and MXK diagonals of the standard dressage arena. Eighteen competitors in team dressage were filmed during the Grand Prix test while executing the extended walk, extended trot, and left lead extended canter. Fifteen horses selected as finalists for individual dressage medals were filmed during the Grand Prix Special test executing the extended trot, one-stride canter lead changes, two-stride canter lead changes, and the left lead extended canter. Velocities of the extended walk, extended trot, and extended canter were positively related to stride length. Velocities of the Grand Prix extended walk and Grand Prix Special extended trot were positively related to stride frequency. Limb contact patterns of the extended walk stride appeared to have relatively little importance in scoring. Certain characteristics of the extended trot and extended canter were strongly related to scores attained in Grand Prix Special dressage tests, with highest scores achieved by horses with the longest, fastest strides. For canter strides involving lead changes, no limb contact variables were detected that were significantly related to scores. This study provided the first objective documentation of the limb contact patterns of the walk, trot, and canter of world-class dressage horses.

The Effects of Significant International Sports Events on Hungarian Suicide Rates

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karoly Bozsonyi ◽  
Peter Osvath ◽  
Sandor Fekete ◽  
Lajos Bálint
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Arima Model ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Intervention Analysis ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
Sport Events ◽  
The Olympic Games

Abstract. Background: Several studies found a significant relationship between important sport events and suicidal behavior. Aims: We set out to investigate whether there is a significant relationship between the raw suicide rate and the most important international sports events (Olympic Games, FIFA World Cup, UEFA European Championship) in such an achievement-oriented society as the Hungarian one, where these sport events receive great attention. Method: We examined suicide cases occurring over 15,706 days between January 1, 1970, and December 31, 2012 (43 years), separately for each gender. Because of the age-specific characteristics of suicide, the effects of these sport events were analyzed for the middle-aged (30–59 years old) and the elderly (over 60 years old) generations as well as for gender-specific population groups. The role of international sport events was examined with the help of time-series intervention analysis after cyclical and seasonal components were removed. Intervention analysis was based on the ARIMA model. Results: Our results showed that only the Olympic Games had a significant effect in the middle-aged population. Neither in the older male nor in any of the female age groups was a relationship between suicide and Olympic Games detected. Conclusion: The Olympic Games seem to decrease the rate of suicide among middle-aged men, slightly but significantly.

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