scholarly journals Assessment of Regional Variability in COVID-19 Outcomes Among Patients With Cancer in the United States

2022 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e2142046
Author(s):  
Jessica E. Hawley ◽  
Tianyi Sun ◽  
David D. Chism ◽  
Narjust Duma ◽  
Julie C. Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regional Variability ◽  
Patients With Cancer

Assess 21st century Flash Drought in the United States using high resolution regional climate models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandi Gamelin ◽  
Jiali Wang ◽  
V. Rao Kotamarthi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United States ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Wrf Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Regional Variability ◽  
Groundwater Levels

<p>Flash droughts are the rapid intensification of drought conditions generally associated with increased temperatures and decreased precipitation on short time scales.  Consequently, flash droughts are responsible for reduced soil moisture which contributes to diminished agricultural yields and lower groundwater levels. Drought management, especially flash drought in the United States is vital to address the human and economic impact of crop loss, diminished water resources and increased wildfire risk. In previous research, climate change scenarios show increased growing season (i.e. frost-free days) and drying in soil moisture over most of the United States by 2100. Understanding projected flash drought is important to assess regional variability, frequency and intensity of flash droughts under future climate change scenarios. Data for this work was produced with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Initial and boundary conditions for the model were supplied by CCSM4, GFDL-ESM2G, and HadGEM2-ES and based on the 8.5 Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP8.5). The WRF model was downscaled to a 12 km spatial resolution for three climate time frames: 1995-2004 (Historical), 2045-2054 (Mid), and 2085-2094 (Late).  A key characteristic of flash drought is the rapid onset and intensification of dry conditions. For this, we identify onset with vapor pressure deficit during each time frame. Known flash drought cases during the Historical run are identified and compared to flash droughts in the Mid and Late 21<sup>st</sup> century.</p>

scholarly journals Simulation of Daily Extreme Precipitation over the United States in the CMIP5 30-Yr Decadal Prediction Experiment

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 875-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve T. Stegall ◽  
Kenneth E. Kunkel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Daily Precipitation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Natural Variability ◽  
Return Level ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Regional Variability ◽  
Anthropogenic Forcing ◽  
Near Term

AbstractThe CMIP5 decadal hindcast (“Hindcast”) and prediction (“Predict”) experiment simulations from 11 models were analyzed for the United States with respect to two metrics of extreme precipitation: the 10-yr return level of daily precipitation, derived from the annual maximum series of daily precipitation, and the total precipitation exceeding the 99.5th percentile of daily precipitation. Both Hindcast simulations and observations generally show increases for the 1981–2010 historical period. The multimodel-mean Hindcast trends are statistically significant for all regions while the observed trends are statistically significant for the Northeast, Southeast, and Midwest regions. An analysis of CMIP5 simulations driven by historical natural (“HistoricalNat”) forcings shows that the Hindcast trends are generally within the 5th–95th-percentile range of HistoricalNat trends, but those outside that range are heavily skewed toward exceedances of the 95th-percentile threshold. Future projections for 2006–35 indicate increases in all regions with respect to 1981–2010. While there is good qualitative agreement between the observations and Hindcast simulations regarding the direction of recent trends, the multimodel-mean trends are similar for all regions, while there is considerable regional variability in observed trends. Furthermore, the HistoricalNat simulations suggest that observed historical trends are a combination of natural variability and anthropogenic forcing. Thus, the influence of anthropogenic forcing on the magnitude of near-term future changes could be temporarily masked by natural variability. However, continued observed increases in extreme precipitation in the first decade (2006–15) of the “future” period partially confirm the Predict results, suggesting that incorporation of increases in planning would appear prudent.

scholarly journals Whole-Brain Radiotherapy for Brain Metastases: Evolution or Revolution?

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 483-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Brown ◽  
Manmeet S. Ahluwalia ◽  
Osaama H. Khan ◽  
Anthony L. Asher ◽  
Jeffrey S. Wefel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Brain Metastases ◽  
Whole Brain Radiotherapy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Alternative Therapies ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Brain Radiotherapy

An estimated 20% of patients with cancer will develop brain metastases. Approximately 200,000 individuals in the United States alone receive whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) each year to treat brain metastases. Historically, the prognosis of patients with brain metastases has been poor; however, with new therapies, this is changing. Because patients are living longer following the diagnosis and treatment of brain metastases, there has been rising concern about treatment-related toxicities associated with WBRT, including neurocognitive toxicity. In addition, recent clinical trials have raised questions about the use of WBRT. To better understand this rapidly changing landscape, this review outlines the treatment roles and toxicities of WBRT and alternative therapies for the management of brain metastases.

Current and Future Utilization of Services From Medical Oncologists

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (19) ◽  
pp. 3242-3247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan L. Warren ◽  
Angela B. Mariotto ◽  
Angela Meekins ◽  
Marie Topor ◽  
Martin L. Brown
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Cancer Site ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Medical Oncologists ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Initial Care ◽  
Number Of Visits ◽  
End Results

Purpose There is limited information on the current use of oncologists and projections of future need. This analysis assesses current utilization patterns and projects the number of people with cancer and their use of oncologists’ services through 2020. Methods Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registries and Medicare physician claims were used to estimate oncologists’ services from 1998 to 2003. We estimated the portion of patients with cancer who saw an oncologist, the mean number of visits, and the clinical setting where care was provided. Care was divided into initial, continuing, and last-year-of-life phases. Projections for future number of patients with cancer and visits were calculated by applying incidence and prevalence rates derived from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data to census population projections through 2020. Results The percentage of patients who saw an oncologist was 47% during the initial-care phase, 36% during the continuing-care phase, and 70% in the last year of life. The number of visits varied by age, sex, cancer site, and phase. The total number of cancer patients in the United States is projected to increase 55%, from 11.8 million in 2005 to 18.2 million in 2020. Total oncology visits are projected to increase from 38 million in 2005 to 57 million in 2020. Conclusion Utilization of oncologists’ services will increase appreciably between 2005 and 2020; this will be driven predominantly by an increase in survivors of cancer and by the aging of the population. The United States may face an acute shortage of medical oncologists if efforts are not taken to meet this growing need.

MP26-14 REGIONAL VARIABILITY IN CT UTILIZATION FOR CHILDREN WITH NEPHROLITHIASIS IN THE UNITED STATES

2014 ◽  
Vol 191 (4S) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Tasian ◽  
Jose Pulido ◽  
Rodger Madison ◽  
Jan Hanley ◽  
Ron Keren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regional Variability ◽  
Ct Utilization

scholarly journals Mapping a Pandemic: SARS-CoV-2 Seropositivity in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Kalish ◽  
Carleen Klumpp-Thomas ◽  
Sally Hunsberger ◽  
Holly Ann Baus ◽  
Michael P Fay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regional Variability ◽  
Seropositivity Rate ◽  
Black African ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Weighted Analysis ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Us ◽  
Quota Sampling

ABSTRACTAsymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and delayed implementation of diagnostics have led to poorly defined viral prevalence rates. To address this, we analyzed seropositivity in US adults who have not previously been diagnosed with COVID-19. Individuals with characteristics that reflect the US population (n = 11,382) and who had not previously been diagnosed with COVID-19 were selected by quota sampling from 241,424 volunteers (ClinicalTrials.govNCT04334954). Enrolled participants provided medical, geographic, demographic, and socioeconomic information and 9,028 blood samples. The majority (88.7%) of samples were collected between May 10th and July 31st, 2020. Samples were analyzed via ELISA for anti-Spike and anti-RBD antibodies. Estimation of seroprevalence was performed by using a weighted analysis to reflect the US population. We detected an undiagnosed seropositivity rate of 4.6% (95% CI: 2.6 – 6.5%). There was distinct regional variability, with heightened seropositivity in locations of early outbreaks. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that the highest estimated undiagnosed seropositivity within groups was detected in younger participants (ages 18-45, 5.9%), females (5.5%), Black/African American (14.2%), Hispanic (6.1%), and Urban residents (5.3%), and lower undiagnosed seropositivity in those with chronic diseases. During the first wave of infection over the spring/summer of 2020 an estimate of 4.6% of adults had a prior undiagnosed SARS-CoV-2 infection. These data indicate that there were 4.8 (95% CI: 2.8-6.8) undiagnosed cases for every diagnosed case of COVID-19 during this same time period in the United States, and an estimated 16.8 million undiagnosed cases by mid-July 2020.

scholarly journals The impact of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act on insurance coverage and cancer‐directed treatment in HIV‐infected patients with cancer in the United States

Cancer ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey L. Corrigan ◽  
Leticia Nogueira ◽  
K. Robin Yabroff ◽  
Chun Chieh Lin ◽  
Xuesong Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Affordable Care Act ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Patient Protection ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Statewide Longitudinal Hospital Use and Charges for Pediatric and Adolescent Patients With Cancer

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. e468-e475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sapna Kaul ◽  
Bree Barbeau ◽  
Jennifer Wright ◽  
Mark Fluchel ◽  
Anne C. Kirchhoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hospital Charges ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Adolescent Patients ◽  
Hospital Use

The authors found that children and adolescents diagnosed with cancer in 2014 in the United States will incur over $800 million more in hospital charges than individuals without cancer by 2024.

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