Avoiding the Predictable Surprise: Early Action Is the Key to Building a Climate-Resilient Aviation Network

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Burbidge
Keyword(s):  
Early Action ◽  
Aviation Network

scholarly journals AVOIDING THE PREDICTABLE SURPRISE: EARLY ACTION IS THE KEY TO BUILDING A CLIMATE-RESILIENT AVIATION NETWORK

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-70
Author(s):  
Rachel Burbidge
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Business Risk ◽  
Weather Extremes ◽  
Climate Resilience ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Early Action ◽  
Aviation Network ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Impacts of climate change, such as sea level rise, higher temperatures and greater weather extremes create an operational, financial and business risk for European aviation. However these are risks which the sector can work to avoid by taking early, and cost-effective, action. A growing but limited number of stakeholders are already implementing comprehensive resilience measures. Yet, a survey of European aviation organisations shows that although awareness is growing many stakeholders are still not acting, often due to a lack of information and guidance. Five key recommendations have been developed to promote cost-effective climate resilience within the sector. These include local and network-wide risk assessment, better use of MET information and the implementation of ‘no-regrets’ or ‘win-win’ measures which also address issues such as capacity. Overall, climate change is an issue of risk management and early action is the key to cost-effective mitigation of those risks.

Aviation Network Design in Taiwan

2004 ◽  
Vol 1888 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melody D. M. Dai ◽  
Cheng-Chang Lin ◽  
Jong Shyang Liou
Keyword(s):  
Network Design ◽  
Aviation Network

Supplemental Material to the A&WMA 2008 Critical Review "Prospects for Future Climate Change and the Reasons for Early Action"

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Edgerton ◽  
Michael MacCracken ◽  
Meng-Dawn Cheng ◽  
Edwin Corporan ◽  
Matthew DeWitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Early Action

Early action supports smallholder farms

Nature Food ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-221
Author(s):  
Annisa Chand
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farms ◽  
Early Action

scholarly journals Differential Effects of Refeeding on Melanocortin-Responsive Neurons in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus

Endocrinology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 149 (9) ◽  
pp. 4329-4335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith Sánchez ◽  
Praful S. Singru ◽  
Runa Acharya ◽  
Monica Bodria ◽  
Csaba Fekete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Early Action ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Melanocortin Signaling ◽  
Agouti Related Protein ◽  
Serum Tsh

To explore the effect of refeeding on recovery of TRH gene expression in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and its correlation with the feeding-related neuropeptides in the arcuate nucleus (ARC), c-fos immunoreactivity (IR) in the PVN and ARC 2 h after refeeding and hypothalamic TRH, neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related protein (AGRP) mRNA levels 4, 12, and 24 h after refeeding were studied in Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to prolonged fasting. Despite rapid reactivation of proopiomelanocortin neurons by refeeding as demonstrated by c-fos IR in ARC α-MSH-IR neurons and ventral parvocellular subdivision PVN neurons, c-fos IR was present in only 9.7 ± 1.1% hypophysiotropic TRH neurons. Serum TSH levels remained suppressed 4 and 12 h after the start of refeeding, returning to fed levels after 24 h. Fasting reduced TRH mRNA compared with fed animals, and similar to TSH, remained suppressed at 4 and 12 h after refeeding, returning toward normal at 24 h. AGRP and NPY gene expression in the ARC were markedly elevated in fasting rats, AGRP mRNA returning to baseline levels 12 h after refeeding and NPY mRNA remaining persistently elevated even at 24 h. These data raise the possibility that refeeding-induced activation of melanocortin signaling exerts differential actions on its target neurons in the PVN, an early action directed at neurons that may be involved in satiety, and a later action on hypophysiotropic TRH neurons involved in energy expenditure, potentially mediated by sustained elevations in AGRP and NPY. This response may be an important homeostatic mechanism to allow replenishment of depleted energy stores associated with fasting.

An analysis of US greenhouse gas cap-and-trade proposals using a forward-looking economic model

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANGELO COSTA GURGEL ◽  
SERGEY PALTSEV ◽  
JOHN REILLY ◽  
GILBERT METCALF
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
Welfare Cost ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Early Action ◽  
Labor Tax ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Capital Tax ◽  
Forward Looking

ABSTRACTWe develop a forward-looking version of the recursive dynamic MIT Emissions Prediction and Policy Analysis (EPPA) model, and apply it to examine the economic implications of proposals in the US Congress to limit greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. We find that shocks in the consumption path are smoothed out in the forward-looking model and that the lifetime welfare cost of GHG policy is lower than in the recursive model, since the forward-looking model can fully optimize over time. The forward-looking model allows us to explore issues for which it is uniquely well suited, including revenue-recycling and early action crediting. We find capital tax recycling to be more welfare-cost reducing than labor tax recycling because of its long-term effect on economic growth. Also, there are substantial incentives for early action credits; however, when spread over the full horizon of the policy they do not have a substantial effect on lifetime welfare costs.

Flood forecast skill for Early Action: Results and Learnings from the development of the Early-Action Protocol for Floods in Uganda

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Ficchì ◽  
Hannah Cloke ◽  
Linda Speight ◽  
Douglas Mulangwa ◽  
Irene Amuron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Flow ◽  
National Level ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Forecast Skill ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Flood Forecast ◽  
Global Team ◽  
Early Action ◽  
Skill Scores ◽  
Local Risk

<p>Global flood forecasting systems are helpful in complementing local resources and in-country data to support humanitarians and trigger early action before an impactful flood occurs. Freely available global flood forecast information from the European Commission’s Global Flood Awareness System (GloFAS, a Copernicus EMS service) is being used by the Uganda Red Cross Society (URCS) alongside in-country knowledge to develop appropriate triggers for early actions for flood preparedness, within the Forecast-based Financing (FbF) initiative. To scale up the first FbF pilot to a national level, in 2020 URCS collaborated with several partners including the Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre (RCCC), the Uganda’s Ministry of Water and Environment, through the Directorate of Water Resources Management (DWRM), the Uganda National Meteorological Authority (UNMA), the 510 Global team and the University of Reading, through the UK-supported project Forecasts for Anticipatory Humanitarian Action (FATHUM). The new Early Action Protocol (EAP) for floods, submitted to the IFRC’s validation committee in September 2020, is now under review.</p><p>One of the aims of an EAP is to set the triggers for early action, based on forecast skill information, alongside providing a local risk analysis, and describing the early actions, operational procedures, and responsibilities. Working alongside our partners and practitioners in Uganda, we developed a methodology to tailor flood forecast skill analysis to EAP development, that could be potentially useful for humanitarians in other Countries and forecasters engaging with them. The key aim of the analysis is to identify skilful lead times and appropriate triggers for early action based on available operational forecasts, considering action parameters, such as an Action Lifetime of 30 days, and focusing on relevant flood thresholds and skill scores. We analysed the skill of probabilistic flood forecasts from the operational GloFAS (v2.1) system across Uganda against river flow observations and reanalysis data. One of the challenges was to combine operational needs with statistical robustness requirements, using relevant flood thresholds for action. Here we present the results from the analysis carried out for Uganda and the verification workflow, that we plan to make openly available to all practitioners and scientists working on the implementation of forecast-based actions.</p>

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