Natural Hazards and the City

2013 ◽  
pp. 61-62
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
The City

scholarly journals Multi-risk assessment in a historical city

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Arrighi ◽  
M. Tanganelli ◽  
M. T. Cristofaro ◽  
V. Cardinali ◽  
A. Marra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Joint Probability ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Average Annual Loss ◽  
The City

AbstractNatural hazards pose a significant threat to historical cities which have an authentic and universal value for mankind. This study aims at codifying a multi-risk workflow for seismic and flood hazards, for site-scale applications in historical cities, which provides the Average Annual Loss for buildings within a coherent multi-exposure and multi-vulnerability framework. The proposed methodology includes a multi-risk correlation and joint probability analysis to identify the role of urban development in re-shaping risk components in historical contexts. The workflow is unified by exposure modelling which adopts the same assumptions and parameters. Seismic vulnerability is modelled through an empirical approach by assigning to each building a vulnerability value depending on the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS-98) and modifiers available in literature. Flood vulnerability is modelled by means of stage-damage curves developed for the study area and validated against ex-post damage claims. The method is applied to the city centre of Florence (Italy) listed as UNESCO World Heritage site since 1982. Direct multi-hazard, multi-vulnerability losses are modelled for four probabilistic scenarios. A multi-risk of 3.15 M€/year is estimated for the current situation. In case of adoption of local mitigation measures like floodproofing of basements and installation of steel tie rods, multi-risk reduces to 1.55 M€/yr. The analysis of multi-risk correlation and joint probability distribution shows that the historical evolution of the city centre, from the roman castrum followed by rebuilding in the Middle Ages, the late XIX century and the post WWII, has significantly affected multi-risk in the area. Three identified portions of the study area with a different multi-risk spatial probability distribution highlight that the urban development of the historical city influenced the flood hazard and the seismic vulnerability. The presented multi-risk workflow could be applied to other historical cities and further extended to other natural hazards.

scholarly journals Specifics of zoning urban areas for assessing risk caused by natural hazards

2019 ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
V. N. Burova
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Natural Risk ◽  
Technological Factors ◽  
Urbanized Areas ◽  
The City

Urbanized areas are considered as single natural and technogenic systems. Ensuring safe development of urban areas is associated with natural risk assessments. It is proposed to carry out a special zoning of urban areas. In the selected areas, risk is formed according to certain scenarios. The proposed zoning involves a successive subdivision of the city territory by natural and technological factors using usually only one feature at each step. As a result, we come up with relatively homogeneous areas. Thus, a consistent division of a total into parts for each group of factors is achieved. Various combinations of these factors are also taken into account when distinguishing typological taxons.

Tomorrow’s Cities: Multi-hazard interactions to inform disaster risk reduction in Istanbul

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekbal Hussain ◽  
Eser Cakti ◽  
Aslihan Yolcu ◽  
Bruce Malamud ◽  
Joel Gill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Volcanic Hazards ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Interaction Matrix ◽  
Urban Centre ◽  
Government Websites ◽  
The City

<p>Istanbul is a major global urban centre. With city expansion expected to continue over the next few decades there is a real opportunity for urban growth that incorporates disaster risk reduction (DRR). But in order to develop DRR inclusive urban development strategies we need to understand the breadth of hazards that can affect the city and their potential interactions.</p><p>To create a single hazard overview for the city we searched through peer-reviewed literature, reports, government websites and international disaster databases for hazard occurrences. Of the 34 natural hazards in our global hazard table encompassing five major hazard groups (geophysical, shallow process, meteorological, hydrological, climatological and extraterrestrial), we found 27 of these had occurred or had the potential to occur in Istanbul. Notable absences were snow avalanches, glacial outburst floods and direct volcanic hazards. However, ash dispersal models show that ash from volcanic eruptions in the Mediterranean can affect the city.</p><p>Additionally, we present an interaction matrix for hazards relevant to the city that shows how one hazard may trigger or increase the probability of another. We adapted the global hazard interaction matrix of Gill and Malamud (2014) by removing hazards that were not relevant to Istanbul and supplementing it with specific examples that have occurred in the city. We found 85 such interactions that reveal the potential for interacting chains of natural hazards.</p><p>We discuss how multi-hazard scenarios, developed through expert stakeholder engagement and based on the hazard interaction matrix, are an effective way to explore and communicate the dynamic variability of exposure, vulnerability and therefore, multi-hazard risk.</p>

scholarly journals Natural Hazards in Sao Vicente (Cabo Verde)

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Martins ◽  
Luciano Lourenço ◽  
Sílvia Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Vulnerability Factors ◽  
Cabo Verde ◽  
Flooding Hazards ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The City

Abstract São Vicente island (República de Cabo Verde) lies within the Sahelian zone and faces a number of natural hazards, of which the most significant ones are erosion and gully formation, desertification and flash flooding hazards. Based on examples, we set out to examine the main factors involved in the development of these natural hazards from a regional point of view, while simultaneously assessing the importance of anthropic action as a structural factor. The investigation of Lazareto’s gullies (located to the west of Mindelo) aimed to determine the main factors of the gullies formation. It also sought to demonstrate that the gullies’ formation is a reliable indicator of the high rates of erosion on a regional scale. The approach to the desertification hazards was based on farmers’ perception related to the evolution of agricultural production, strategies to mitigate drought and desertification issues, consequences and future prospects based on a set of interviews conducted in Ribeira da Vinha. Finally, the intense rainfall event that occurred on August 26, 2008 was analysed to identify the main vulnerability factors of the city in light of the flash flood hazard.

scholarly journals Urban Form and Natural Hazards: Exploring the Dual Aspect Concept of Urban Forms on Flood Damage

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9007
Author(s):  
Seungwon Kang ◽  
Jaeweon Yeom ◽  
Juchul Jung
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Urban Forms ◽  
Present Complex ◽  
Urban Problems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

The purpose of the paper is to explore the dual aspect concept of the impact of urban forms on flood damage. Theoretically, urban form has the dual aspect concept of increasing or decreasing flood damage. Recent issues such as climate change and pandemics are increasing the need to re-discuss the relationship between urban forms and natural hazards. By revisiting the dual aspect concepts of urban forms such as aggregation and dispersion, we can effectively respond to specific urban problems that present complex issues at the city level. Accordingly, this paper once again considers what is a more resilient and ideal urban form for natural hazards by exploring dual aspect concepts of urban form for flood damage spatially and quantitatively from a macroscopic point of view.

scholarly journals المناطق المهددة بالسيول في مدينة دهوك

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
dadvan Hakeem Abdulrahman
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Public Property ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The City

The city of Duhok, like other cities, is exposed to various natural hazards such as floods and torrent. This has been shown in previous years. Many areas have been exposed to floods, which has led to high water levels in the streets, causing damage to private and public property And that it is impossible to pay the risk of floods and torrent or prevent them, but it is possible to work to limit their effects and reduce the losses that result from them through the establishment of maps that identify sites threatened and conducting studies that develop the work of early warning networks as well as the establishment of databases, In this study the area that is threatened by floods and torrent are selected in city of Duhok, especially in the urban areas that possibility of expansion and growth, through remote sensing data and the integration of geographic information in order to build a database of spatial information in the creation of maps to determine the areas of residential and urban and roads threatened by flood risks.

scholarly journals Plan for Prevention of Natural Hazards in Urban Areas. Case of the City of Constantine (Algeria)

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 03008
Author(s):  
Boubakeur Ykhlef ◽  
Abdelghani Belouar ◽  
Sayed Boubidi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The City

scholarly journals Combining criteria for delineating lahar- and flash-flood-prone hazard and risk zones for the city of Arequipa, Peru

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-C. Thouret ◽  
G. Enjolras ◽  
K. Martelli ◽  
O. Santoni ◽  
J. A. Luque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
City Block ◽  
Risk Zonation ◽  
The City

Abstract. Arequipa, the second largest city in Peru, is exposed to many natural hazards, most notably earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, lahars (volcanic debris flows), and flash floods. Of these, lahars and flash floods, triggered by occasional torrential rainfall, pose the most frequently occurring hazards that can affect the city and its environs, in particular the areas containing low-income neighbourhoods. This paper presents and discusses criteria for delineating areas prone to flash flood and lahar hazards, which are localized along the usually dry (except for the rainy season) ravines and channels of the Río Chili and its tributaries that dissect the city. Our risk-evaluation study is based mostly on field surveys and mapping, but we also took into account quality and structural integrity of buildings, available socio-economic data, and information gained from interviews with risk-managers officials. In our evaluation of the vulnerability of various parts of the city, in addition to geological and physical parameters, we also took into account selected socio-economic parameters, such as the educational and poverty level of the population, unemployment figures, and population density. In addition, we utilized a criterion of the "isolation factor", based on distances to access emergency resources (hospitals, shelters or safety areas, and water) in each city block. By combining the hazard, vulnerability and exposure criteria, we produced detailed risk-zone maps at the city-block scale, covering the whole city of Arequipa and adjacent suburbs. Not surprisingly, these maps show that the areas at high risk coincide with blocks or districts with populations at low socio-economic levels. Inhabitants at greatest risk are the poor recent immigrants from rural areas who live in unauthorized settlements in the outskirts of the city in the upper parts of the valleys. Such settlements are highly exposed to natural hazards and have little access to vital resources. Our study provides good rationale for the risk zoning of the city, which in turn may be used as an educational tool for better understanding the potential effects of natural hazards and the exposure of the population residing in and around Arequipa. We hope that our work and the risk-zonation maps will provide the impetus and basis for risk-management authorities of the Municipality and the regional government of Arequipa to enforce existing regulations in building in hazardous zones and to adopt an effective long-term strategy to reduce risks from lahar, flash flood, and other natural hazards.

Hospitals: N.Y. Appellate Court Denies Move to Privatize Public Hospital

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-203
Author(s):  
Robert Chatham
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
Municipal Hospital ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Benefit ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Benefit Corporation ◽  
The City

The Court of Appeals of New York held, in Council of the City of New York u. Giuliani, slip op. 02634, 1999 WL 179257 (N.Y. Mar. 30, 1999), that New York City may not privatize a public city hospital without state statutory authorization. The court found invalid a sublease of a municipal hospital operated by a public benefit corporation to a private, for-profit entity. The court reasoned that the controlling statute prescribed the operation of a municipal hospital as a government function that must be fulfilled by the public benefit corporation as long as it exists, and nothing short of legislative action could put an end to the corporation's existence.In 1969, the New York State legislature enacted the Health and Hospitals Corporation Act (HHCA), establishing the New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation (HHC) as an attempt to improve the New York City public health system. Thirty years later, on a renewed perception that the public health system was once again lacking, the city administration approved a sublease of Coney Island Hospital from HHC to PHS New York, Inc. (PHS), a private, for-profit entity.

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