Phosphorus control of plant interactions with mutualistic and pathogenic microorganisms: a mini‐review and a case study of the Medicago truncatula B 9 mutant

2019 ◽  
pp. 346-354
Author(s):  
Elise Thalineau ◽  
Carine Fournier ◽  
Sylvain Jeandroz ◽  
Hoai‐Nam Truong
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Phosphorus Control

Teaching Authentic Soil & Plant Science in Middle School Classrooms with a Biochar Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 256-268
Author(s):  
Yamina Pressler ◽  
Mary Hunter-Laszlo ◽  
Sarah Bucko ◽  
Beth A. Covitt ◽  
Sarah Urban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Middle School ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
Promote Plant Growth ◽  
Rich Material ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change

We designed two NGSS-aligned middle school classroom experiments to investigate the effects of biochar on plant growth and soil respiration. Biochar is a carbon-rich material, produced by heating organic matter under limited oxygen, that is added to soils to improve fertility, to promote plant growth, and as one possible strategy to help mitigate climate change. The experiments offer an ideal case study for students learning fundamentals of soil and plant interactions. Soils and biochar are accessible, are connected to global issues such as agriculture and climate change, and are the focus of ongoing research in soil science. These classroom experiments promote authentic science because students design replicated experiments, collect and analyze data, discuss variability in the data, and interpret their results in the context of recent research.

scholarly journals In the Eye of the Beholder: The Case of the Minnetonka Lawn Ordinance

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-310
Author(s):  
Anne M. Hanchek
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Environmental Sciences ◽  
Group Problem ◽  
Problem Solving Skills ◽  
Group Problem Solving ◽  
Real Issue ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City

In 1991, a suburban city in Minnesota found its lawn and nuisance weed ordinance the center of controversy as a citizen sought to develop a naturalized landscape that contrasted greatly with her neighbors' mowed lawns. This decision case study presents that situation as faced by the city policymakers and, when presented in a class setting, provides an opportunity to explore real options in a real issue of today. The case objectives are to prepare policymakers to deal with similar issues, and to broaden the outlook of students based in plant and environmental sciences to include the social factors of people-plant interactions. Group problem-solving skills also can be enhanced by this exercise. The abridged teaching note provides guidance for classroom and extension use.

How agroforestry systems influence the abundance of nitrogen-cycle contributing microbial genes under Mediterranean conditions?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onurcan Ozbolat
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Cycle ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
N Losses ◽  
First Case ◽  
Microbial Genes ◽  
Mediterranean Conditions

<p><strong>How agroforestry systems influence the abundance of nitrogen-cycle contributing microbial genes under Mediterranean conditions?</strong></p><p> </p><p>Onurcan Özbolat <sup>*,1</sup>, Irene Ollio<sup>1</sup>, Eva Lloret<sup>1</sup>, Marcos Egea<sup>2</sup>, Raul Zornoza<sup>1</sup></p><p> </p><p><sup>1</sup> Sustainable Use, Management and Reclamation of Soil and Water Research Group, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain.</p><p> </p><p><sup>2</sup> Institute of Plant Biotechnology (IBV), Campus Muralla del Mar, Edificio I+D+I, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30202, Cartagena, Spain.</p><p> </p><p><sup>* </sup></p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p> </p><p>Agroforestry systems represent cropping systems in which woody crops are intercropped with alley crops to increase land productivity and enhance the delivery of ecosystem services. Avoiding bare soils in the alleys and cultivation of different annual or perennial species, with shifts in tillage and/or irrigation patterns, will have an influence in organic matter turnover and nutrient cycling, mostly carbon and nitrogen, mediated by soil microbial communities. The ability of the soil to conduct a healthy relation with the microbiome and the crops is one of the most important soil quality indicators. In this study, soil samples from two different case studies where different diversification systems were applied are examined in perspective of ammonia oxidizing (amoA) and denitrifying (nirK and narG) gene abundances through quantitative-PCR assays to assess how nitrogen cycle can be modified by agroforestry systems compared to tree monocultures. The first case study included an almond orchard intercropped weather with <em>Capparis spinosa or Thymus hyemalis. </em>The second case study represented a mandarin orchard intercropped with a rotation of fava bean and vetch/barley or a rotation of several vegetables and vetch/barley. Abundances of amoA, nirK and narG genes significantly decreased in all intercropped systems with respect to monocultures. Thus, the special root-microorganisms and plant-plant interactions in the diversified systems contributed to soil N-cycle by decreasing the functional gene abundances. Decreasing nitrification and denitrification through management is desirable to decrease N losses and increase N fertilizer use efficiency. Thus, agroforestry systems seem more efficient in N turnover than tree monocultures where alleys remain bare most of the year.</p>

scholarly journals How multilocus genotypic pattern helps to understand the history of selfing populations: a case study in Medicago truncatula

Heredity ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 517-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Siol ◽  
J M Prosperi ◽  
I Bonnin ◽  
J Ronfort
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF REYNOLDS NUMBER OF AIR FLOW DURING THE AIR STERILIZATION PROCESS WITH ULTRAVIOLET GERMICIDAL IRRADIATION LAMP

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Giorgos Kouropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation ◽  
Sterilization Process ◽  
Uv C

This case study examines the effect that the Reynolds number of air flow has on the population oflive pathogenic microorganisms during the process of air sterilization using ultraviolet germicidalirradiation (UVGI) lamp in a closed air-duct. With this aim, the first discussion is the mathematicalmodel which regulates changes to the Reynolds number in terms of the percentage of populationfor the following live pathogenic microorganisms: Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium tuberculosisand Streptococcus pneumoniae, under special condition of flow rate and intensity of UVirradiation. In conclusion, as the velocity and the Reynolds number of the air flow in the ductincreases, the exposure time of the pathogens to the field of UV-C irradiation decreases, theeffect of UV-C irradiation and the germicide capabilities of the UVGI lamp are reduced.Consequently, the population of live pathogenic microorganisms increases.

scholarly journals Medicago truncatula as a model for understanding plant interactions with other organisms, plant development and stress biology: past, present and future

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray J. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Lotus Japonicus ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Model Legume

Medicago truncatula Gaertn. cv. Jemalong, a pasture species used in Australian agriculture, was first proposed as a model legume in 1990. Since that time M. truncatula, along with Lotus japonicus (Regal) Larsen, has contributed to major advances in understanding rhizobia Nod factor perception and the signalling pathway involved in nodule formation. Research using M. truncatula as a model has expanded beyond nodulation and the allied mycorrhizal research to investigate interactions with insect pests, plant pathogens and nematodes. In addition to biotic stresses the genetic mechanisms to ameliorate abiotic stresses such as salinity and drought are being investigated. Furthermore, M. truncatula is being used to increase understanding of plant development and cellular differentiation, with nodule differentiation providing a different perspective to organogenesis and meristem biology. This legume plant represents one of the major evolutionary success stories of plant adaptation to its environment, and it is particularly in understanding the capacity to integrate biotic and abiotic plant responses with plant growth and development that M. truncatula has an important role to play. The expanding genomic and genetic toolkit available with M. truncatula provides many opportunities for integrative biological research with a plant which is both a model for functional genomics and important in agricultural sustainability.

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