Combining Eye Tracking with Experimental Design

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irma Puškarević ◽  
Uroš Nedeljković ◽  
Vladimir Dimovski ◽  
Klementina Možina

The use of rhetorical figures has become a widely–accepted method for capturing attention and positively increasing cognitive effort in print advertisements. So far research studies mostly analyzed the effect of rhetorical figures in the written as well as pictorial elements of an ad. However, there have been few studies addressing the effect of rhetorical figuration in the specific area of typeface design. This study analyzes the effects of typeface figuration (i.e., regular vs. irregular stylization of the form) on attention and attitude of the viewers. The study also looks at how the effect of typeface figuration changes in relation to the type of a product (hedonistic vs. utilitarian) being advertised. Through the use of a 2 × 2 experimental design, the study measures data using a combination of eye tracking (an objective method) and attitude scaling (a subjective method). 65 volunteers participated in the study. The eye tracking results show that using rhetorical figures in typeface mainly affects attention of the viewers. We have also determined that they influence their attitude. Additionally, the study shows that a typeface and a type of products are correlated; it shows that the hedonistic type of products can benefit more from the figuration. In conclusion, our study builds on and expands the current understanding of the use of rhetorical figures by proving that there is a correlation between the use of rhetorical figures in typeface and viewers' attention, depending on the type of product being advertised.


2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaojun Kong ◽  
Zhenfang Huang ◽  
Noel Scott ◽  
Zi’ang Zhang ◽  
Zhixiang Shen

Tourist marketers rely heavily on using visual stimuli in their advertising to attract attention and improve awareness and interest of their experience. This study used eye-tracking and self-reported recall methods to investigate online tourism advertisement effectiveness based on the hierarchy of effects model. A within-subjects experimental design ( n = 30) was used to examine mock advertisements (stimuli) containing various combinations of image, text and product price. Results show that the advertisement containing both image and price was least effective, while the stimuli with text and price were most effective in capturing the respondent’s attention. Advertising consisting of image, text and price generated the best recall. There were significant differences in results based on gender, task and experience.


Author(s):  
E. Cuzquillo Cusquillo ◽  
E. Yansapanta Carrillo ◽  
J. Montufar Guevara ◽  
J. Sánchez Lunavictoria

In a society where information and knowledge have become essential cornerstones of economic development, it is important that companies allocate the necessary resources to evaluate studies based on consumer behavior and the psychological aspects that influence purchasing decisions. For this reason, this research aimed to understand the motivations of consumers, and the symbolic emotional relationship between the consumer and the brand and model of Premium Range cars in the city of Riobamba. With the advancement of marketing and its link with the study of neuroscience, efficient tools have been developed that allow us to better understand the reasons why people acquire a vehicle. This research had a quasi-experimental design and employed qualitative and quantitative approaches through using biometric equipment including eye tracking. It was determined that there were conscious and unconscious factors that influenced consumers when deciding between makes and models in acquiring a Premium Range vehicle. Personality was key in defining the brand preferred and the model chosen. Keywords: neoroscience, neuromarketing, consumer behavior, insights, eye tracking. Resumen En una sociedad en donde la información y el conocimiento se han convertido en vértices esenciales para el desarrollo económico, resulta importante que las empresas realicen o asignen los recursos necesarios para efectuar estudios en base al comportamiento del consumidor, así como, los aspectos psicológicos que influyen en su decisión de compra. Por eso, esta investigación tiene como objetivo conocer el análisis de las motivaciones profundas y verdaderas, y la relación simbólica emocional entre el cliente o consumidor con la marca y el modelo de automóviles de Gama Premium en la ciudad de Riobamba. Es claro que, con el avance del marketing y su vinculación con el estudio de la neurociencia, se han desarrollado herramientas eficientes que permiten conocer de mejor manera las razones del por qué y para qué las personas adquieren un vehículo. Por tanto, esta investigación tiene un diseño cuasi experimental, por la utilización de un equipo biométrico como lo es el eye tracking, el cual es eficiente para este tipo de investigaciones que permite establecer un enfoque de investigación cualitativo y cuantitativo con un nivel exploratorio y descriptivo. En este caso, la utilidad de la investigación radica en que existen factores motivacionales conscientes e inconscientes que influyen en el momento de adquirir un vehículo de la Gama Premium en la ciudad de Riobamba, siendo estos la marca y el modelo, los mismos que vinculan un efecto de ostentación en las personas, donde se define que la marca que prefieres y el modelo que eliges define una personalidad, brindando a la empresa una idea creativa de marketing. Palabras clave: neurociencia, neuromarketing, comportamiento del consumidor, motivaciones profundas, eye tracking.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1648-1666
Author(s):  
Diego Gómez-Carmona ◽  
Serafín Cruces-Montes ◽  
Pedro Pablo Marín-Dueñas ◽  
César Serrano-Domínguez ◽  
Alberto Paramio ◽  
...  

The nature of e-commerce prevents the perception of the intrinsic and sensory attributes of wine. In the virtual environment, visual cues allow consumers to perceive the product, determine their attitude and form a preference. Users will choose one product or another based on the visual appeal of the advertisements they have seen. Wine marketers must consider the importance of the advertisement elements and attract the consumer’s attention. Optimizing the elements included in these messages can help capture consumers’ attention and achieve a higher click-through rate on the ads. The main objective of this work is to analyse the awareness that different advertisements achieve. Specifically, we use a 2 × 2 × 2 experimental design where we manipulate the packaging format (single bottle vs. pack), labelling (bottle without label vs. labelled bottle) for wine ads (white and red). To analyse attention, we used an eye-tracking methodology. The main results suggest that attention is captured more quickly with an individual bottle without a label than with a particular bottle with a label in Google ads. However, ads showing packs of bottles with labels get more attention than ads using packs of bottles without labels.


2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 584-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A Johns ◽  
Jorge R Valdés Kroff ◽  
Paola E Dussias

Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions: The goal of this study is to determine if the way in which codemixed sentences are presented during experimental lab sessions affects the way they are processed, and how experimental design approximates (or not) patterns of language use in bilingual populations. Design/methodology/approach: An eye-tracking study was conducted comparing reading times on codemixed and unilingual Spanish sentences across two modes of presentation: (a) a blocked mode, where one block contained unilingual Spanish sentences and another one contained codemixed sentences; and (b) a mixed mode, where both unilingual and codemixed sentences were mixed together in a randomized fashion. Data and analysis: 20 heritage speakers of Spanish were tested. Four reading measures extracted from the eye-tracking data were subjected to linear mixed-effects regression, with significance determined via backwards likelihood ratio tests, to examine differences across modes of presentation. Findings/conclusions: Codemixes took significantly longer to process in the blocked mode than in the mixed mode. This is in line with corpus data suggesting that intra-sentential codemixing does not occur for long stretches of time and is broken up by unilingual discourse. Originality: While a few studies have hinted at the potential confounds related to the presentation of codemixed or language-switching stimuli, the direct effects of experimental manipulation coupled with insights from sociolinguistic or corpus-based studies have not been tested. Significance/implications: To better understand bilingual codemixing, as well as the cost (or lack thereof) associated with it, lab-based studies of codemixing should take insights from sociolinguistic and corpus-based research. The results of this study suggest that the experience that participants bring into the lab can interact with experimental design and result in unexpected results.


Author(s):  
Sijia Chen

Interpreting is a cognitively demanding language-processing task. Investigating the process of interpreting helps to explicate what happens inside the black box of interpreters’ minds, with implications on how the human mind processes language under taxing conditions. Since the interpreting process involves multitasking, it is challenging to develop an experimental design to investigate this process. In the case of consecutive interpreting (CI), it is particularly challenging because different methods need to be applied to tap into the two phases of CI, which involve different combinations of sub-tasks. This paper advocates the use of a triangulation of pen recording, eye tracking and voice recording to investigate the process of note-taking and CI.


2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas D. Smith ◽  
Fiona C. Glen ◽  
Vera M. Mönter ◽  
David P. Crabb

Reading is often cited as a demanding task for patients with glaucomatous visual field (VF) loss, yet reading speed varies widely between patients and does not appear to be predicted by standard visual function measures. Thiswithin-personstudy aimed to investigate reading duration and eye movements when reading short passages of text in a patient’s worse eye (most VF damage) when compared to their better eye (least VF damage). Reading duration and saccade rate were significantly different on average in the worse eye when compared to the better eye (P<0.001) in 14 patients with glaucoma that had median (interquartile range) between-eye difference in mean deviation (MD; a standard clinical measure for VF loss) of 9.8 (8.3 to 14.8) dB; differences were not related to the size of the difference in MD between eyes. Patients with a more pronounced effect of longer reading duration on their worse eye made a larger proportion of “regressions” (backward saccades) and “unknown” EMs (not adhering to expected reading patterns) when reading with the worse eye when compared to the better eye. A between-eye study in patients with asymmetric disease, coupled with eye tracking, provides a useful experimental design for exploring reading performance in glaucoma.


2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Ji Ma

AbstractGiven the many types of suboptimality in perception, I ask how one should test for multiple forms of suboptimality at the same time – or, more generally, how one should compare process models that can differ in any or all of the multiple components. In analogy to factorial experimental design, I advocate for factorial model comparison.


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