Titanium and Titanium Alloys—From Raw Material to Semi-finished Products

2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 393-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Sibum
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Raw Material

scholarly journals A Review on Recent Studies: Non-Traditional Machining of Titanium Alloys

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Arafat ◽  
Ning Fanghua
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Machining Processes ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Advanced Machining ◽  
Petroleum Chemical

Till now titanium and its alloys used in different industrial sectors. Unique material characteristics make it as desirable raw material for the automotive, aerospace, petroleum, chemical, marine and biomedical industries. It requires deformation and fabrication process as difficult-to-cut material. There are several challenges hidden under the processes. Therefore, advanced machining process performance investigation in titanium and its titanium alloys machining has taken part of the research concern. A number of research works has been done in every year to show the research direction. However, most of them are specifically in one machining process. It’s important to have a clear picture of a research area for further research consideration. Therefore, this review aim to study recent articles of non-traditional machining process of titanium and its alloys. The focus of this review was on the contribution for solving existing problems by using non-traditional machining processes, most efficient process and general overview. At the end it also provided a summary of sustainable issue of non-traditional machining processes.

scholarly journals Microstructural Evolution of Ti-10NB and Ti-15NB Alloys Produced by the Blended Elemental Technique

2010 ◽  
Vol 660-661 ◽  
pp. 152-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.V. Martins ◽  
Cosme Roberto Moreira Silva ◽  
C.A. Nunes ◽  
Vinicius André Rodrigues Henriques ◽  
L.A. Borges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Cold Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ingot Metallurgy ◽  
Blended Elemental ◽  
Beta Titanium ◽  
Work Samples ◽  
Alloy Properties ◽  
The Cost

Alfa/beta titanium alloys have been intensely used for aerospace and biomedical applications. Production of powder metallurgy titanium alloys components may lead to a reduction in the cost of parts, compared to those produced by conventional cast and wrought (ingot metallurgy) processes, because additional working operations (machining, turning, milling, etc.) and material waste can be avoided. In this work, samples of Ti- 10, 15Nb (weight%) alloys were obtained by the blended elemental technique using hydride-dehydride (HDH) powders as raw material, followed by uniaxial and cold isostatic pressing with subsequent densification by sintering carried out in the range 900–1500 °C. These alloys were characterized by X-ray diffractometry for phase composition, scanning electron microscopy for microstructure, Vickers indentation for hardness, Archimedes method for specific mass and resonance ultrasound device for elastic modulus. For the samples sintered at 1500°C it was identified  and  phases. It was observed the influence of the sintering temperatures on the final microstructure. With increasing sintering temperature, microstructure homogenization of the alloy takes place and at 1500 °C this process is complete. The same behavior is observed for densification. Comparing to the Ti6Al4V alloy properties, these alloys hardness (sintered at 1500 °C) are near and elastic modulus are 18% less.

Direct Observation of the Diffusionless β → β + ω Transformation in Titanium Alloys

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 122-123
Author(s):  
N. E. Paton ◽  
D. de Fontaine ◽  
J. C. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Resistivity Measurements ◽  
Selected Area Electron Diffraction ◽  
Ti Alloys ◽  
Thin Foils ◽  
Field Device

The electron microscope has been used to study the diffusionless β → β + ω transformation occurring in certain titanium alloys at low temperatures. Evidence for such a transformation was obtained by Cometto et al by means of x-ray diffraction and resistivity measurements on a Ti-Nb alloy. The present work shows that this type of transformation can occur in several Ti alloys of suitable composition, and some of the details of the transformation are elucidated by means of direct observation in the electron microscope.Thin foils were examined in a Philips EM-300 electron microscope equipped with a uniaxial tilt, liquid nitrogen cooled, cold stage and a high resolution dark field device. Selected area electron diffraction was used to identify the phases present and the ω-phase was imaged in dark field by using a (101)ω reflection. Alloys were water quenched from 950°C, thinned, and mounted between copper grids to minimize temperature gradients in the foil.

The Ordered Phase Formation in Ti-Al-Ga Alloys

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 440-441
Author(s):  
Shiro Fujishiro ◽  
Harold L. Gegel
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Growth Kinetics ◽  
Stoichiometric Composition ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Alpha Titanium ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Ordered-alpha titanium alloys having a DO19 type structure have good potential for high temperature (600°C) applications, due to the thermal stability of the ordered phase and the inherent resistance to recrystallization of these alloys. Five different Ti-Al-Ga alloys consisting of equal atomic percents of aluminum and gallium solute additions up to the stoichiometric composition, Ti3(Al, Ga), were used to study the growth kinetics of the ordered phase and the nature of its interface.The alloys were homogenized in the beta region in a vacuum of about 5×10-7 torr, furnace cooled; reheated in air to 50°C below the alpha transus for hot working. The alloys were subsequently acid cleaned, annealed in vacuo, and cold rolled to about. 050 inch prior to additional homogenization

TEM characterization of reaction zone in a SiC fiber-reinforced titanium alloy

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 738-739
Author(s):  
G. Das ◽  
R. E. Omlor
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Reaction Zone ◽  
Carbon Layer ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Sic Fibers ◽  
Sic Fiber ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Immense Potential

Fiber reinforced titanium alloys hold immense potential for applications in the aerospace industry. However, chemical reaction between the fibers and the titanium alloys at fabrication temperatures leads to the formation of brittle reaction products which limits their development. In the present study, coated SiC fibers have been used to evaluate the effects of surface coating on the reaction zone in the SiC/IMI829 system.IMI829 (Ti-5.5A1-3.5Sn-3.0Zr-0.3Mo-1Nb-0.3Si), a near alpha alloy, in the form of PREP powder (-35 mesh), was used a茸 the matrix. CVD grown AVCO SCS-6 SiC fibers were used as discontinuous reinforcements. These fibers of 142μm diameter contained an overlayer with high Si/C ratio on top of an amorphous carbon layer, the thickness of the coating being ∽ 1μm. SCS-6 fibers, broken into ∽ 2mm lengths, were mixed with IMI829 powder (representing < 0.1vol%) and the mixture was consolidated by HIP'ing at 871°C/0. 28GPa/4h.

High-resolution EM investigation about effect of stress on formation of ω-phase crystals in β-tttanium alloys

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 1006-1007
Author(s):  
E. Sukedai ◽  
M. Shimoda ◽  
A. Fujita ◽  
H. Nishizawa ◽  
H. Hashimoto
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Zone Refining ◽  
Ω Phase ◽  
Α Phase ◽  
Nucleation Sites ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Bcc Structure

ω-phase particles formed in β-titanium alloys (bcc structure) act important roles to their mechanical properties such as ductility and hardness. About the ductility, fine ω-phase particles in β–titanium alloys improve the ductility, because ω-phase crystals becomes nucleation sites of α-phase and it is well known that (β+α) duplex alloys have higher ductility. In the present study, the formation sites and the formation mechanism of ω-phase crystals due to external stress and aging are investigated using the conventional and high resolution electron microscopy.A β-titanium alloy (Til5Mo5Zr) was supplied by Kobe Steel Co., and a single crystal was prepared by a zone refining method. Plates with {110} surface were cut from the crystal and were pressured hydrostatically, and stressed by rolling and tensile testing. Specimens for aging with tensile stress were also prepared from Ti20Mo polycrystals. TEM specimens from these specimens were prepared by a twin-jet electron-polishing machine. A JEM 4000EX electron microscope operated at 400k V was used for taking dark field and HREM images.

Mental representation of economic crisis in Italian and Swiss samples 1The authors would like to thank Maurizio Mistri for his help in the construction of items. This research was supported by a grant from the Italian Murst (ex 40%).

2001 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Savadori ◽  
Eraldo Nicotra ◽  
Rino Rumiati ◽  
Roberto Tamborini
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Mental Representation ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
National Context ◽  
Cluster Procedure ◽  
Total N ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Important Symptom

The content and structure of mental representation of economic crises were studied and the flexibility of the structure in different social contexts was tested. Italian and Swiss samples (Total N = 98) were compared with respect to their judgments as to how a series of concrete examples of events representing abstract indicators were relevant symptoms of economic crisis. Mental representations were derived using a cluster procedure. Results showed that the relevance of the indicators varied as a function of national context. The growth of unemployment was judged to be by far the most important symptom of an economic crisis but the Swiss sample judged bankruptcies as more symptomatic than Italians who considered inflation, raw material prices and external accounts to be more relevant. A different clustering structure was found for the two samples: the locations of unemployment and gross domestic production indicators were the main differences in representations.

Raw material mix optimization system for sintering plant and blast furnace at CST

2006 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
C. Perin Filho ◽  
D. Tassinari Miranda ◽  
E. Medeiros Milanez ◽  
E. Luiz Massanori Harano ◽  
E. Torres Bispo dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Optimization System ◽  
Raw Material Mix ◽  
Sintering Plant

Hydrostatic Fiber Optic Liquid Level Sensor with position sensitive detector

Metrologiya ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 38-51
Author(s):  
V. N. Astapov ◽  
I. N. Kozlova
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Position Sensitive Detector ◽  
Fiber Optic Sensor ◽  
Liquid Level ◽  
Problem Solution ◽  
Sensitive Detector ◽  
Position Sensitive ◽  
Triangulation Sensor

This article presents the rationale and methodology for developing an intrinsically safe device, namely, a hydrostatic fiber optic sensor with a position-sensitive detector for monitoring the level of oil products in large-capacity tanks at oil depots and during pumping in a raw material warehouses. This device suitable for continuous monitoring of the liquid level, based on the measurement of a hydrostatic column of liquid with automatic offset of changes in the density of the liquid. Offset is carried out by means of a displacer (a fully submerged float), inside which a housing with a position-sensitive detector (PSD) is integrated. Theoretical validation of the bellows suspension usage for a displacer is given. During filling a container with a liquid whose level is measured, liquid bellows, the movement of which is recorded by an optical triangulation sensor using the reflected infrared ray incident on the bottom of the bellows. The principle of the triangulation sensor operation is based on the geometric properties of the triangles. The pulses of infrared radiation come through a fiber optic cable. In order to measure the movement of the surface (the bottom of the bellows) by measuring the movement of the reflected beam, a position-sensitive detector is used, which is located in a remote controller. In this device for the intrinsic safety problem solution, optical inputs of a fiber optic flat cable are located in the active zone of the sensor, which is connected to the optical inputs of a position-sensitive detector, operated on the principles of photoelectric effect. The light spot moving along the sensitive zone and converted by the detector into a one-dimensional signal proportional to the distance to the object. hydrostatically applies pressure over the entire effective area of the measuring

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