Biodegradable Polymeric Nanoparticles Containing an Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (aPDL1) to Locally Induce Immune Responses in the Central Nervous System

2021 ◽  
pp. 2102274
Author(s):  
Ming Zhang ◽  
Xuefeng Jiang ◽  
Qicheng Zhang ◽  
Tao Zheng ◽  
Mohsen Mohammadniaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitor ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals RARE-21. A DESCRIPTIVE REPORT OF PATIENTS WITH RARE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) CANCERS ON AN NCI-CONNECT CANCER MOONSHOT IMMUNE CHECKPOINT INHIBITOR TRIAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (suppl_6) ◽  
pp. vi240-vi240
Author(s):  
Lisa Boris ◽  
Christine Bryla ◽  
Elizabeth Vera ◽  
Orwa Aboud ◽  
Nancy Garren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitor

scholarly journals Neurotoxicities associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyi Zhao ◽  
Chunlin Zhang ◽  
Lian Zhou ◽  
Pan Dong ◽  
Lei Shi
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitor ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathies ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy ◽  
Promising Treatment

: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have recently been used as a promising treatment for cancer while their toxicity and immune-related side effects can involve in any organ, including the nervous system. In contrast to other immune-related adverse events (irAEs), neurological irAEs (nAEs) are rare, with varying incidence and symptoms complexity. Although nAEs are uncommon, they can sometimes be severe and even lead to death. However, little attention has been paid to nAEs and the literatures are mostly clinical reports with only a few cases. We therefore conducted the present review with the aim of providing a comprehensive introduction of nAEs. In this review, we summarized various nAEs, including meningitis, encephalitis and hypophysitis in the central nervous system, and myositis, myasthenia gravis and peripheral neuropathies in the peripheral system. We also reviewed the current diagnosis and treatment methods for nAEs commonly used in clinical practice. In addition, we discussed about potential mechanisms regarding nAEs and proposed the possible approaches to preventing the risk of nAEs in patients treated with ICIs. There's still a lot to learn, such as whether and why patients with nAEs respond better to ICI-therapy. The mechanisms and significance of nAEs need to be fully clarified to address these issues and to optimize the treatment strategy.

New Advanced Strategies for the Treatment of Lysosomal Diseases Affecting the Central Nervous System

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (17) ◽  
pp. 1933-1950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria R. Gigliobianco ◽  
Piera Di Martino ◽  
Siyuan Deng ◽  
Cristina Casadidio ◽  
Roberta Censi
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lysosomal Storage ◽  
Enzyme Replacement ◽  
Lysosomal Diseases ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Enzyme Delivery

Lysosomal Storage Disorders (LSDs), also known as lysosomal diseases (LDs) are a group of serious genetic diseases characterized by not only the accumulation of non-catabolized compounds in the lysosomes due to the deficiency of specific enzymes which usually eliminate these compounds, but also by trafficking, calcium changes and acidification. LDs mainly affect the central nervous system (CNS), which is difficult to reach for drugs and biological molecules due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). While some therapies have proven highly effective in treating peripheral disorders in LD patients, they fail to overcome the BBB. Researchers have developed many strategies to circumvent this problem, for example, by creating carriers for enzyme delivery, which improve the enzyme’s half-life and the overexpression of receptors and transporters in the luminal or abluminal membranes of the BBB. This review aims to successfully examine the strategies developed during the last decade for the treatment of LDs, which mainly affect the CNS. Among the LD treatments, enzyme-replacement therapy (ERT) and gene therapy have proven effective, while nanoparticle, fusion protein, and small molecule-based therapies seem to offer considerable promise to treat the CNS pathology. This work also analyzed the challenges of the study to design new drug delivery systems for the effective treatment of LDs. Polymeric nanoparticles and liposomes are explored from their technological point of view and for the most relevant preclinical studies showing that they are excellent choices to protect active molecules and transport them through the BBB to target specific brain substrates for the treatment of LDs.

scholarly journals Protective immune responses against West Nile virus are primed by distinct complement activation pathways

2006 ◽  
Vol 203 (5) ◽  
pp. 1371-1381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Mehlhop ◽  
Michael S. Diamond
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Complement Activation ◽  
Adaptive Immune Responses ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Activation Pathways

West Nile virus (WNV) causes a severe infection of the central nervous system in several vertebrate animals including humans. Prior studies have shown that complement plays a critical role in controlling WNV infection in complement (C) 3−/− and complement receptor 1/2−/− mice. Here, we dissect the contributions of the individual complement activation pathways to the protection from WNV disease. Genetic deficiencies in C1q, C4, factor B, or factor D all resulted in increased mortality in mice, suggesting that all activation pathways function together to limit WNV spread. In the absence of alternative pathway complement activation, WNV disseminated into the central nervous system at earlier times and was associated with reduced CD8+ T cell responses yet near normal anti-WNV antibody profiles. Animals lacking the classical and lectin pathways had deficits in both B and T cell responses to WNV. Finally, and somewhat surprisingly, C1q was required for productive infection in the spleen but not for development of adaptive immune responses after WNV infection. Our results suggest that individual pathways of complement activation control WNV infection by priming adaptive immune responses through distinct mechanisms.

Polymeric nanoparticles for the drug delivery to the central nervous system

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Tosi ◽  
Luca Costantino ◽  
Barbara Ruozi ◽  
Flavio Forni ◽  
Maria Angela Vandelli
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
The Central Nervous System
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