The impact of tillage row orientation on physical and chemical sediment enrichment

Abstract The use of treated wastewater (TWW) for agricultural irrigation becomes increasingly important in water stressed regions like the Middle East for substituting fresh water (FW) resources. Due to elevated salt concentrations and organic compounds in TWW this practice has potential adverse effects on soil quality, such as the reduction of hydraulic conductivity (HC) and soil aggregate stability (SAS). To assess the impact of TWW irrigation in comparison to FW irrigation on HC, in-situ infiltration measurements using mini disk infiltrometer were deployed in four different long-term experimental orchard test sites in Israel. Topsoil samples (0-10 cm) were collected for analyzing SAS and determination of selected soil chemical and physical characteristics. The mean HC values decreased at all TWW sites by 42.9% up to 50.8% compared to FW sites. The SAS was 11.3% to 32.4% lower at all TWW sites. Soil electrical conductivity (EC) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) were generally higher at TWW sites. These results indicate the use of TWW for irrigation is a viable, but potentially deleterious option, as it influences soil physical and chemical properties.

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Templated quasicrystalline ordering of single elements and molecules

Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances ◽

10.1107/s2053273314099185 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 70 (a1) ◽

pp. C81-C81

Author(s):

H. R. Sharma ◽

J. A. Smerdon ◽

K. Nozawa ◽

K. M. Young ◽

T. P. Yadav ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Substrate Surface ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Scanning Tunneling ◽

Three Dimension ◽

Tunneling Microscopy ◽

Quantum Size ◽

Adsorption Energies ◽

Molecular Layers ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

The Impact

We have used quasicrystals as templates for the exploration of new epitaxial phenomena. Several interesting results have been observed in the growth on surfaces of the common Al-based quasicrystals [1]. These include pseudomorphic monolayers, quasiperiodically modulated multilayer structures, and fivefold-twinned islands with magic heights influenced by quantum size effects [1]. Here we present our recent works on the growth of various elements and molecules on a new substrate, icosahedral (i) Ag-In-Yb quasicrystal, which have resulted in various epitaxial phenomena not observed previously. The growth of Pb on the five-fold surface of i-Ag-In-Yb yields a film which possesses quasicrystalline ordering in three-dimension [2]. Using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and DFT calculations of adsorption energies, we find that lead atoms occupy the positions of atoms in the rhombic triacontahedral (RTH) cluster, the building block of the substrate, and thus grow in layers with different heights and adsorption energies. The adlayer–adlayer interaction is crucial for stabilizing the epitaxial quasicrystalline structure. We will also present the first example of quasicrystalline molecular layers. Pentacene adsorbs at tenfold-symmetric sites of Yb atoms around surface-bisected RTH clusters, yielding quasicrystalline order [3]. Similarly, C-60 growth on the five-fold surface of i-Al-Cu-Fe at elevated temperature produces quasicrystalline layer, where the growth is mediated by Fe atoms on the substrate surface [3]. The finding of quasicrystalline thin films of single elements and molecules opens an avenue for further investigation of the impact of the aperiodic atomic order over periodic order on the physical and chemical properties of materials.

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Solketal as a renewable fuel component in ternary blends with biodiesel and diesel fuel or HVO and the impact on physical and chemical properties

Fuel ◽

10.1016/j.fuel.2021.122463 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 122463

Author(s):

Julian Türck ◽

Anja Singer ◽

Anne Lichtinger ◽

Mohammad Almaddad ◽

Ralf Türck ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diesel Fuel ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Ternary Blends ◽

Fuel Component ◽

Renewable Fuel ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

The Impact ◽

And Chemical Properties

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Modeling to support physicochemical enhancement techniques

Oil and Gas Studies ◽

10.31660/0445-0108-2021-3-79-90 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 79-90

Author(s):

Т. A. Pospelova

Keyword(s):

Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽

Oil Recovery ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Chemical Modeling ◽

Comparative Structure ◽

Water Cut ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Oil And Gas Companies ◽

The Impact ◽

Selection Of

The article discusses ways to increase the oil recovery factor in already developed fields, special attention is paid to the methods of enhanced oil recovery. The comparative structure of oil production in Russia in the medium term is given. The experience of oil and gas companies in the application of enhanced oil recovery in the fields is analyzed and the dynamics of the growth in the use of various enhanced oil recovery in Russia is estimated. With an increase in the number of operations in the fields, the requirements for the selection of candidates inevitably increase, therefore, the work focuses on hydrodynamic modeling of physical and chemical modeling, highlights the features and disadvantages of existing simulators. The main dependences for adequate modeling during polymer flooding are given. The calculation with different concentration of polymer solution is presented, which significantly affects the water cut and further reduction of operating costs for the preparation of the produced fluid. The possibility of creating a specialized hydrodynamic simulator for low-volume chemical enhanced oil recovery is considered, since mainly simulators are applicable for chemical waterflooding and the impact is on the formation as a whole.

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The influence of field margins on the presence and spatial distribution of the European mole Talpa europaea L. within the agricultural landscape of northern Poland

Archives of Biological Sciences ◽

10.2298/abs1203971z ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 64 (3) ◽

pp. 971-980 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ewa Zurawska-Seta ◽

T. Barczak

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Agricultural Development ◽

Agricultural Landscape ◽

Field Margins ◽

Talpa Europaea ◽

Northern Poland ◽

European Mole ◽

Arable Fields ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

The Impact

European moles are widespread in both cultivated and uncultivated areas in Poland. Their occurrence and distribution in relation to the physical and chemical characteristics of soil has been already studied in previous research. However, there is still an open question about the impact of the structure of anthropogenic habitats produced by agriculture on moles. The main aim of this study is to assess the influence of different kinds of field margins on the presence and spatial distribution of the European mole Talpa europaea L. in farmlands. Methods included the monitoring of six investigative sites in northern Poland. Observations were made during three six-month periods in 2005-2008 of the presence or absence of moles as recognized by recent molehills and surface tunnels. There was a very clear tendency by moles to occupy areas within arable fields close to field boundaries with wide verges containing ruderal and woodland communities with a spacious zone of ecotones. Narrow boundary strips were avoided by moles. In conclusion, the conducted research confirms that field margins have an impact on the presence and spatial distribution of moles within ploughed lands. Our results may be helpful in improving the relation between agricultural development and biodiversity conservation, and the rational use of nature by humankind.

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The Interstellar Medium of Dwarf Galaxies

Galaxies ◽

10.3390/galaxies10010011 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

Christian Henkel ◽

Leslie K. Hunt ◽

Yuri I. Izotov

Keyword(s):

Interstellar Medium ◽

Dwarf Galaxies ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Ionized Gas ◽

Green Pea ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

The Impact ◽

The Universe ◽

And Chemical Properties

Dwarf galaxies are by far the most numerous galaxies in the Universe, showing properties that are quite different from those of their larger and more luminous cousins. This review focuses on the physical and chemical properties of the interstellar medium of those dwarfs that are known to host significant amounts of gas and dust. The neutral and ionized gas components and the impact of the dust will be discussed, as well as first indications for the existence of active nuclei in these sources. Cosmological implications are also addressed, considering the primordial helium abundance and the similarity of local Green Pea galaxies with young, sometimes protogalactic sources in the early Universe.

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ZNAČAJ MIKROBIOLOŠKE ISPRAVNOSTI VODE U ZAŠTITI ZDRAVLJA STANOVNIŠTVA

Zbornik radova ◽

10.46793/sbt26.331st ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ljubica Šarčevic - Todosijevic ◽

Snezana Đorđevic ◽

Vera Popovic ◽

Ljubisa Živanovic ◽

Bojana Petrovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Population Monitoring ◽

Chemical Pollution ◽

Microbiological Safety ◽

Microbiological Pollution ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

The Impact

In addition to physical and chemical pollution of water, from the aspect of the impact of water on the health of the population, monitoring and prevention of microbiological pollution of water, especially water used for drinking, is extremely important. In this paper, the importance of microbiological safety of water in protecting the health of the population is considered.

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Influence of Biological Factors on the Strength of Static Rope Used by Firefighters in Rescue Operations

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0015.2886 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 79 ◽

pp. 7-30

Author(s):

Michał Cecelski ◽

Robert Piec ◽

Barbara Szykuła-Piec

Keyword(s):

Biological Agents ◽

The State ◽

Biological Factors ◽

Research Focus ◽

Second Stage ◽

Lack Of Information ◽

Chemical Factors ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Document Review ◽

The Impact

After conducting a document review, the authors found no reports concerning the influence of biological factors, such as blood, mould, and dirt, on the durability of rescue ropes. This study aims to answer the question of whether and how selected biological factors affect static rope 10.5, which is frequently used by firefighters for rescues. In the first stage of the research, focus studies were conducted among fifteen members of the Specialist High-Rescue Group in Plock (Poland), which aimed to determine the state of knowledge about the impact of biological factors on the strength of rope. The results indicated that the group had knowledge as to the impact of physical and chemical factors on the rope; however, a lack of information on the impact of biological factors was identified. In the second stage, the force necessary to break static rope contaminated with selected biological agents was measured. To achieve this, a 100-m section of a new rope was divided into 63 sections, which were then exposed to impurities. The first endurance measurement was taken after 9 months and the second after 12 months. Findings: contamination with biological agents has an impact on static rope strength, and knowledge about this impact is negligible and not included in any rope-use instructions.

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Stratigraphy of the Anthropocene

Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences ◽

10.1098/rsta.2010.0315 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 369 (1938) ◽

pp. 1036-1055 ◽

Cited By ~ 126

Author(s):

Jan Zalasiewicz ◽

Mark Williams ◽

Richard Fortey ◽

Alan Smith ◽

Tiffany L. Barry ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sediment Flux ◽

Relative Timing ◽

Sequence Stratigraphic ◽

The Earth ◽

Time Space ◽

Marine Realm ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

The Impact ◽

Long Term Preservation

The Anthropocene, an informal term used to signal the impact of collective human activity on biological, physical and chemical processes on the Earth system, is assessed using stratigraphic criteria. It is complex in time, space and process, and may be considered in terms of the scale, relative timing, duration and novelty of its various phenomena. The lithostratigraphic signal includes both direct components, such as urban constructions and man-made deposits, and indirect ones, such as sediment flux changes. Already widespread, these are producing a significant ‘event layer’, locally with considerable long-term preservation potential. Chemostratigraphic signals include new organic compounds, but are likely to be dominated by the effects of CO 2 release, particularly via acidification in the marine realm, and man-made radionuclides. The sequence stratigraphic signal is negligible to date, but may become geologically significant over centennial/millennial time scales. The rapidly growing biostratigraphic signal includes geologically novel aspects (the scale of globally transferred species) and geologically will have permanent effects.

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