Fluoromorphic Substrates for Fatty Acid Metabolism: Highly Sensitive Probes for Mammalian Medium-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase

2006 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-658
Author(s):  
Mary K. Froemming ◽  
Dalibor Sames
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Chain Acyl

scholarly journals Engineering the Monomer Composition of Polyhydroxyalkanoates Synthesized in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 536-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Ross Carlson ◽  
Friedrich Srienc
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Pha Synthase ◽  
Fatty Acid Degradation ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Acid Degradation ◽  
Wide Range

ABSTRACT Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) have received considerable interest as renewable-resource-based, biodegradable, and biocompatible plastics with a wide range of potential applications. We have engineered the synthesis of PHA polymers composed of monomers ranging from 4 to 14 carbon atoms in either the cytosol or the peroxisome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by harnessing intermediates of fatty acid metabolism. Cytosolic PHA production was supported by establishing in the cytosol critical β-oxidation chemistries which are found natively in peroxisomes. This platform was utilized to supply medium-chain (C6 to C14) PHA precursors from both fatty acid degradation and synthesis to a cytosolically expressed medium-chain-length (mcl) polymerase from Pseudomonas oleovorans. Synthesis of short-chain-length PHAs (scl-PHAs) was established in the peroxisome of a wild-type yeast strain by targeting the Ralstonia eutropha scl polymerase to the peroxisome. This strain, harboring a peroxisomally targeted scl-PHA synthase, accumulated PHA up to approximately 7% of its cell dry weight. These results indicate (i) that S. cerevisiae expressing a cytosolic mcl-PHA polymerase or a peroxisomal scl-PHA synthase can use the 3-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A intermediates from fatty acid metabolism to synthesize PHAs and (ii) that fatty acid degradation is also possible in the cytosol as β-oxidation might not be confined only to the peroxisomes. Polymers of even-numbered, odd-numbered, or a combination of even- and odd-numbered monomers can be controlled by feeding the appropriate substrates. This ability should permit the rational design and synthesis of polymers with desired material properties.

scholarly journals Reply: “Letter to the Editor Re: Billeaud et al. Nutrients 2018, 10, 690”

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 406
Author(s):  
Claude Billeaud ◽  
Carole Boué-Vaysse ◽  
Leslie Couëdelo ◽  
Philippe Steenhout ◽  
Jonathan Jaeger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Letter To The Editor ◽  
Human Milk Fortifier

We thank Bernard and colleagues for their careful reading and interest in our article Effects on Fatty Acid Metabolism of a New Powdered Human Milk Fortifier Containing Medium-Chain Triacylglycerols and Docosahexaenoic Acid in Preterm Infants [...]

scholarly journals Overexpression of Rat Long Chain Acyl-CoA Synthetase 1 Alters Fatty Acid Metabolism in Rat Primary Hepatocytes

2006 ◽  
Vol 281 (48) ◽  
pp. 37246-37255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei O. Li ◽  
Douglas G. Mashek ◽  
Jie An ◽  
Scott D. Doughman ◽  
Christopher B. Newgard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Primary Hepatocytes ◽  
Chain Acyl ◽  
Rat Primary Hepatocytes ◽  
Long Chain

scholarly journals The versatile regulation of K2P channels by polyanionic lipids of the phosphoinositide (PIP2) and fatty acid metabolism (LC-CoA)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena B. Riel ◽  
Bjoern C. Juers ◽  
Soenke Cordeiro ◽  
Marianne A. Musinszki ◽  
Marcus Schewe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
K2p Channel ◽  
The Past ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
K2p Channels ◽  
Effector Pathways ◽  
Insight Into

Work of the past three decades provided tremendous insight into the regulation of K+ channels - in particular Kir channels - by polyanionic lipids of the phosphoinositide (e.g. PIP2) and fatty acid metabolism (e.g. oleoyl-CoA). However, comparatively little is known regarding the phosphoinositide regulation in the K2P channel family and the effects of long-chain fatty acid CoA esters (LC-CoA, e.g. oleoyl-CoA) are so far unexplored. By screening most mammalian K2P channels (12 in total), we report strong effects of polyanionic lipids (activation and inhibition) for all tested K2P channels. In most cases the effects of PIP2 and oleoyl-CoA were similar causing either activation or inhibition depending on the respective subgroup. Activation was observed for members of the TREK, TALK and THIK subfamily with the strongest activation by PIP2 seen for TRAAK (~110-fold) and by oleoyl-CoA for TALK-2 (~90-fold). In contrast, inhibition was observed for members of the TASK and TRESK subfamilies up to ~85 %. In TASK-2 channels our results indicated an activatory as well as an inhibitory PIP2 site with different affinities. Finally, we provided evidence that PIP2 inhibition in TASK-1 and TASK-3 channels is mediated by closure of the recently identified lower X-gate as critical mutations within the gate (i.e. L244A, R245A) prevent PIP2 induced inhibition. Our results disclosed K2P channels as a family of ion channels highly sensitive to polyanionic lipids (PIP2 and LC-CoA), extended our knowledge on the mechanisms of lipid regulation and implicate the metabolisms of these lipids as possible effector pathways to regulate K2P channel activity.

scholarly journals Regulation of hepatic fatty acid metabolism The activities of mitochondrial and microsomal acyl-CoAsn-glycerol 3-phosphate O-acyltransferase and the concentrations of malonyl-CoA, non-esterified and esterified carnitine, glycerol 3-phosphate, ketone bodies and long-chain acyl-CoA esters in livers of fed or starved pregnant, lactating and weaned rats

1981 ◽  
Vol 198 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor A. Zammit
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Malonyl Coa ◽  
Chain Acyl ◽  
Long Chain

1. The concentrations of malonyl-CoA, glycerol 3-phosphate, non-esterified carnitine, acid-soluble and acid-insoluble acylcarnitines, acetoacetate, 3-hydroxybutyrate and acid-insoluble acyl-CoA were measured in rapidly-frozen liver samples from fed or starved (24h) virgin, pregnant (19–20 days), lactating (2, 10–12 and 18–20 days) and weaned (for 24h, on 10th day of lactation) rats. The activities of total and N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive and -insensitive glycerophosphate acyltransferase (acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol 3-phosphate O-acyltransferase; EC 2.3.1.15) were also measured. 2. The concentration of malonyl-CoA was significantly higher in liver of fed pregnant, mid- and late-lactating rats than in liver of fed virgin rats. After starvation for 24h hepatic malonyl-CoA concentrations were higher in mid-lactating rats and lower in pregnant and weaned rats than in virgin animals. 3. After starvation for 24h the hepatic concentrations of glycerol 3-phosphate, ketone bodies, acid-soluble acylcarnitines and the value for the [3-hydroxybutyrate]/[acetoacetate] ratio were all highest in pregnant rats, intermediate in virgin, 2-day lactating and weaned animals and lowest in mid- and late-lactating rats. The concentrations of acid-insoluble acylcarnitines also increased most in pregnant rats, after starvation. The concentration of acid-insoluble acyl-CoA increased equally after starvation in virgin and pregnant animals but did not increase significantly in all other animals studied. 4. The total concentration of carnitine was similar in livers of fed virgin, pregnant and 2-day lactating animals but fell markedly by the 10th day of lactation and remained low in late-lactating animals. The concentration of non-esterified carnitine followed the same pattern. After starvation for 24h the hepatic concentration of non-esterified carnitine decreased significantly in virgin, pregnant and 2-day lactating animals, but remained unchanged in mid- and late-lactating or weaned animals. 5. The activities of N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive and -insensitive glycerophosphate acyltransferase both increased significantly in livers of mid-lactating animals. After starvation for 24h the activity of the N-ethylmaleimide-insensitive O-acyltransferase decreased in livers of virgin, pregnant and mid-lactating animals, whereas the activity of the N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive O-acyltransferase was unchanged in virgin animals but decreased markedly in livers of pregnant and lactating rats. 6. The results are discussed in relation to the importance of different metabolic parameters in the regulation of long-chain acyl-CoA metabolism in the liver.

scholarly journals Effects on Fatty Acid Metabolism of a New Powdered Human Milk Fortifier Containing Medium-Chain Triacylglycerols and Docosahexaenoic Acid in Preterm Infants

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Billeaud ◽  
Carole Boué-Vaysse ◽  
Leslie Couëdelo ◽  
Philippe Steenhout ◽  
Jonathan Jaeger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Human Milk Fortifier

Effect of Enoxacin, Felbinac, and Sparfloxacin on Fatty Acid Metabolism and Glucose Concentrations in Rat Tissues

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumiyo Kasuya ◽  
Yasushi Miwa ◽  
Maya Kazumi ◽  
Hiroyuki Inoue ◽  
Hiroyuki Ohta
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Chain Acyl ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Multiple changes in metabolic levels could be useful for understanding physiological toxicity. To explore further risk factors for the convulsions induced by the interaction of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory and new quinolone antimicrobial drugs, the effect of sparfloxacin, enoxacin, and felbinac on fatty acid metabolism and glucose concentrations in the liver, brain, and blood of rats was investigated. The levels of long-chain acyl-CoAs (C18:1 and C20:4) in the liver and brain were decreased at the onset of convulsions induced by the coadministration of enoxacin with felbinac. Then, glucose concentrations in the liver and blood were decreased, whereas they were increased in a dose-dependant manner in the brain. However, the formation of acyl-CoAs and glucose levels in the liver, brain, and blood was not significantly influenced by enoxacin, felbinac, and sparfloxacin alone, respectively. The disturbance of both fatty acid metabolism and glucose levels might be associated with the increased susceptibility to convulsions, which may contribute to further understanding of the toxic effects associated with these drugs.

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