Gauge length effect on the tensile properties of leather

2006 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 1202-1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palanisamy Thanikaivelan ◽  
Dennis C. Shelly ◽  
Seshadri S. Ramkumar
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Gauge Length ◽  
Length Effect

An Attempt to Quantify the Translation of Fiber Bundle Tenacity into Yarn Tenacity

1976 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 822-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Neelakantan ◽  
T. A. Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Bundle ◽  
Breaking Load ◽  
Gauge Length ◽  
Length Effect ◽  
The Real ◽  
Yarn Tenacity

The concept of a real yarn tenacity, derived by making an allowance for fiber obliquity and for the fibers that do not contribute to the yarn breaking load, has been postulated. An equation has been derived to enable the calculation of real yarn tenacity. In the case of man-made fibers that exhibit only a very weak gauge-length effect in their bundle tenacity, the real yarn tenacity has been shown to be equal to the fiber bundle tenacity at all levels of twist beyond the minimum required to ensure an interlocking structure. In the case of cotton, the effective gauge length for which the bundle tenacity is equal to the real yarn tenacity has been found to depend upon the level of twist in the yarn, being of the order of 1 mm for yarns that have more than the optimum twist.

The Effect of Specimen Dimensions on Obtained Tensile Properties of Sheet Metals

2009 ◽  
Vol 410-411 ◽  
pp. 481-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Han ◽  
Neil Reynolds ◽  
I. Dargue ◽  
G. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Gauge Length ◽  
Mapping Technique ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Strain Mapping ◽  
Aluminium Sheet ◽  
Dog Bone ◽  
2D Strain

A pilot study has been carried out to examine the effect of specimen dimensions on the obtained tensile properties of aluminium and steel sheet. The materials used were DP600 grade steel and AA5754 grade aluminium sheet. Four types of dog-bone samples with varying dimensions were tested for both materials. Standard tensile test procedures were performed using a universal test machine together with contacting extensometry. The GOM Aramis photogrammetric 2D strain mapping technique was also applied. The results suggest that for both steel and aluminium sheet materials, differing specimen dimensions have little effect on the obtained mechanical properties. Depending on the gauge length of extensometer chosen and the position at where necking occurred on the sample, the extensometry results and 2D strain mapping results slightly differed towards to the end of stress-strain curve. The failure mode between the chosen grades of steel and aluminium samples was observed to differ, as did the percentage of failures that occurred within the gauge length. All steel samples fractured across the specimen perpendicularly to the test direction; whilst fracture of aluminium samples occurred approximately 30 degrees from the perpendicular.

scholarly journals Tensile Properties of Natural and Synthetic Rattan Strips Used as Furniture Woven Materials

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1299
Author(s):  
Yanting Gu ◽  
Jilei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Tensile Strain ◽  
Tensile Loading ◽  
Gauge Length ◽  
Test Unit ◽  
Proportional Limit ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Evaluation Test ◽  
Unit Loading

This study investigated factors on tensile properties of rattan strips commonly used as woven materials for furniture. The factors were rattan type (bast, core, synthetic), gauge length (100, 140 mm), and unit loading speed (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 mm/min/mm). Experimental results indicated that natural bast and core rattan strips, when subjected to tensile loading, behaved like synthetic rattan strips in terms of their stress-strain curves showing excessive plastic deformation. There was no significant difference in ultimate tensile strain between bast and synthetic rattan strips. Bast rattan strips had the highest ultimate tensile strength and modulus of elasticity among three materials evaluated in this study, followed by core rattan and synthetic strips. The major tensile properties of natural rattan bast strips can be influenced by their gauge length adapted to their evaluation test. Unit loading speeds, in general, had no significant effects on the major tensile properties of natural bast rattan strips but tended to significantly effect the ultimate strength of synthetic rattan strips, while less significantly for strengths at the proportional limit and yield point.

The Size Effect in Tensile Test of Steels

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bohumír Strnadel ◽  
Jan Brumek
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Uniform Elongation ◽  
Damage Model ◽  
Circular Cross Section ◽  
Gauge Length ◽  
Specimen Size ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Elongation To Failure ◽  
Experimental Findings

Efforts to characterize small-scale tensile properties are driven by the need to reliably predict the performance of engineering parts during service. It has been clearly demonstrated that tensile properties depend on test specimen size. Smaller test specimens of railway wheel steel R7T exhibit shorter elongation to failure. Both uniform elongation and post-necking elongation increase with decreasing gauge length of specimens with the same cross-sectional area. A nonlocal damage model based on a strain gradient-dependent constitutive plasticity theory reproduces experimental findings. Detailed computations predict that the elongation to failure increases proportional to the square of the ratio of the steel characteristic length to the diameter of the circular cross-section of the specimen. Heterogeneous damage nucleation is taken into account to explain the effect of specimen size on the ductility of the investigated steel. The evolution of porosity due to nucleation of voids is a decisive factor affecting the dependence of ductility on specimen size; void growth plays a secondary role.

Gauge length and temperature influence on the tensile properties of stretch broken carbon fiber tows

2021 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. 106426
Author(s):  
Joseph C. Janicki ◽  
Dilpreet S. Bajwa ◽  
Douglas Cairns ◽  
Roberta Amendola ◽  
Cecily Ryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Gauge Length ◽  
Temperature Influence

Length effect on the performance of lumber in tension

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 911-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Lam ◽  
Erol Varoglu
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Reliability Index ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Gauge Length ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Length Effect ◽  
Performance Factor ◽  
First Order Second Moment ◽  
Tension Members ◽  
Term Performance

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of gauge length on the short-term performance of visually graded Select Structural and No. 2 kiln-dried nominal 38 × 89 mm spruce-pine-fir lumber in tension parallel-to-grain. The short-term tensile strength properties of three groups of lumber, matched for modulus of elasticity and having gauge lengths of 2642, 3683, 4877 mm, were obtained from test results where the effect of gauge length was isolated from the effect of grade. The performance of the lumber was evaluated by first-order second-moment reliability analyses. In the analyses, the lumber was treated as single tension members under uniform tensile stress along the member length, undergoing snow load conditions at various locations in Canada. The results indicate that the performance factor for Select Structural spruce-pine-fir lumber in tension parallel-to-grain should be multiplied by a factor of 0.92 to adjust for doubling the length from 2500 to 5000 mm to achieve a common reliability index of 3.0. The effect of doubling the length from 2500 to 5000 mm on the performance of No. 2 spruce-pine-fir lumber appears to be negligible. Key words: length effect, tensile strength, lumber, performance factor, reliability index.

Study on Test Methods of Tensile Properties of Continuous Alumina Fiber Bundles

2021 ◽  
Vol 904 ◽  
pp. 181-187
Author(s):  
Li Li Zhang ◽  
Ji Liang Ci ◽  
Yan Ru Wang ◽  
Hua Qiong Wang ◽  
Zeng Hua Gao
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Gauge Length ◽  
Fiber Bundles ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Alumina Fiber

In this paper, the effects of different sample clamping modes, curing time of the adhesive during sample preparation, gauge length of the sample and tensile rate on the tensile properties of continuous alumina fiber bundles are briefly introduced. These parameters can accurately affect the tensile properties of alumina fiber bundles.

scholarly journals Influence of Various Gauge Lengths, Root Spacing and Root Numbers on Root Tensile Properties of Herbaceous Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 2499-2510
Author(s):  
Chaobo Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyu Ma ◽  
Yating Liu ◽  
Jing Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Root System ◽  
Tensile Force ◽  
Gauge Length ◽  
Soil Reinforcement ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Power Functions

The mechanical properties of root system play an important role in soil reinforcement by plants. Root tensile properties are affected by many factors. It is necessary to explore the mechanical properties of root system and the influencing factors. In this study, tensile tests were conducted on roots of Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad and Artemisia sacrorum Ledeb to study root tensile properties, including maximum tensile force, tensile strength and elastic modulus under the three factors, gauge length (50, 100, 150, and 200 mm), root spacing (0, 1, and 2 cm) and root number (single root, double roots, and triple roots). The results showed that the maximum tensile force, tensile strength, and elastic modulus of the roots decreased with increasing gauge length in power functions. Under 100 mm gauge length, the maximum tensile force, tensile strength and elastic modulus decreased with increasing root spacing, but the effect of root spacing considered in this study on the maximum tensile force and tensile strength was not significant. Besides, with increasing root number, the maximum tensile force increased, tensile strength, and elastic modulus decreased. These findings stretched our understanding of the relationship between gauge length, root spacing and root number on root tensile characteristics, and provided the necessary data basis for root tensile properties and soil reinforcement by plants.

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