scholarly journals Contextual Risk, Individualised Responses: An Assessment of Safeguarding Responses to Nine Cases of Peer-on-Peer Abuse

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlene Firmin
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Risk ◽  
Peer Abuse

Contextual risks and psychosocial outcomes among rural African American emerging adults: A latent profile analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Trenette Clark Goings ◽  
Tianyi Yu ◽  
Gene H. Brody
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Psychosocial Outcomes ◽  
Risk Profiles ◽  
Contextual Risk ◽  
Contextual Risks ◽  
Latent Profile

Abstract African American emerging adults face unique contextual risks that place them at heightened risk for poor psychosocial outcomes. The purpose of this study was to identify profiles of contextual risks among rural African American emerging adults and determine how risk profiles relate to psychosocial outcomes. Our representative sample included 667 fifth graders who live in the rural South and were followed from preadolescence into emerging adulthood. Contextual risks were assessed at ages 19–21 years via six indicators: perceived stress, daily stress, community disadvantage, parent–child conflict, racial discrimination, and childhood trauma. Four psychosocial variables were also assessed at ages 19–21 years: self-regulation, racial identity, parent support, and friend support. Psychosocial outcomes were assessed at age 25 years: education, substance use, future orientation, depressive symptoms, and externalizing behaviors. Latent profile analysis results indicated that the sample could be characterized by three patterns of contextual risk: low contextual risk, high contextual risk, and high contextual risk–childhood trauma. Risk profiles were associated with psychosocial outcomes, with the childhood trauma and high-risk profiles faring worse than the low-risk profile. Further, childhood trauma was particularly predictive of worse outcomes for emerging adults. Findings highlight the need for research and prevention programs that mitigate the effects of contextual risks on psychosocial outcomes for African American emerging adults in rural areas.

scholarly journals Hierarchical disentanglement of contextual from compositional risk factors of diarrhoea among under-five children in low- and middle-income countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe ◽  
A. Olalekan Uthman ◽  
Latifat Ibisomi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
National Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Contextual Risk ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

AbstractSeveral studies have documented the burden and risk factors associated with diarrhoea in low and middle-income countries (LMIC). To the best of our knowledge, the contextual and compositional factors associated with diarrhoea across LMIC were poorly operationalized, explored and understood in these studies. We investigated multilevel risk factors associated with diarrhoea among under-five children in LMIC. We analysed diarrhoea-related information of 796,150 under-five children (Level 1) nested within 63,378 neighbourhoods (Level 2) from 57 LMIC (Level 3) using the latest data from cross-sectional and nationally representative Demographic Health Survey conducted between 2010 and 2018. We used multivariable hierarchical Bayesian logistic regression models for data analysis. The overall prevalence of diarrhoea was 14.4% (95% confidence interval 14.2–14.7) ranging from 3.8% in Armenia to 31.4% in Yemen. The odds of diarrhoea was highest among male children, infants, having small birth weights, households in poorer wealth quintiles, children whose mothers had only primary education, and children who had no access to media. Children from neighbourhoods with high illiteracy [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.07, 95% credible interval (CrI) 1.04–1.10] rates were more likely to have diarrhoea. At the country-level, the odds of diarrhoea nearly doubled (aOR = 1.88, 95% CrI 1.23–2.83) and tripled (aOR = 2.66, 95% CrI 1.65–3.89) among children from countries with middle and lowest human development index respectively. Diarrhoea remains a major health challenge among under-five children in most LMIC. We identified diverse individual-level, community-level and national-level factors associated with the development of diarrhoea among under-five children in these countries and disentangled the associated contextual risk factors from the compositional risk factors. Our findings underscore the need to revitalize existing policies on child and maternal health and implement interventions to prevent diarrhoea at the individual-, community- and societal-levels. The current study showed how the drive to the attainment of SDGs 1, 2, 4, 6 and 10 will enhance the attainment of SDG 3.

Elder Abuse and Neglect in China: Prevalence, Co-occurrence, and Intergenerational Risk Factors

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052098550
Author(s):  
Mengtong Chen ◽  
Ko Ling Chan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Elder Abuse ◽  
Elderly Parents ◽  
Contextual Risk ◽  
Elder Abuse And Neglect ◽  
The Past ◽  
Abuse And Neglect

The prevalence and patterns of elder abuse and neglect in China have been understudied. The objectives of this study were to examine the chronicity and prevalence of different patterns of elder abuse, and the influence of individual and contextual risk factors. We used data from a sample of 7,466 adults randomly recruited from six regions in China. The participants responded to a questionnaire about their demographic characteristics, childhood abuse experiences, and instances of abuse and neglect against their elderly parents. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association of elder abuse and neglect with individual and contextual factors. The results showed that one in 10 participants reported that their elderly parents had experienced abuse or neglect in the past year. The elder victims were reported to have suffered different types of abuse and neglect on multiple occasions, ranging from 3.6 to 11.82 times on average. More than 5% of participants reported that their elderly parents had suffered two or more types of abuse and neglect in the past year, accounting for 40% of the elderly victims. The co-occurrence of elder abuse within elderly couples was also high. Reports of abuse and neglect of elderly parents were related to low socioeconomic status, living in rural areas, and the experience of childhood abuse of the participants. This study supports the model of intergenerational transmission of violence in the Chinese population. The high prevalence, chronicity, and co-occurrence of elder abuse and neglect underline the importance of screening for risk factors, and have implications for preventive practice and policy.

Pathways to Parenting: Predictors of Prenatal Bonding in a Sample of Expectant Mothers and Fathers Exposed to Contextual Risk

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 1134-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Joy Dayton ◽  
Suzanne Brown ◽  
Jessica Goletz ◽  
Laurel Hicks ◽  
Carla Barron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Contextual Risk ◽  
Prenatal Bonding ◽  
Expectant Mothers

scholarly journals Longitudinal Tracking of Vape Shop Compliance With State Business Regulations Within Southern California Ethnic Neighborhoods During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Donna Medel ◽  
Artur Galimov ◽  
Leah Meza ◽  
Jane K. Steinberg ◽  
Carla J. Berg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
Contextual Risk ◽  
Business Operations ◽  
Longitudinal Tracking ◽  
Business Regulations ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Vape Shops

The overall aim of this study is to examine vape shop business operations during COVID-19 among a cohort of 88 vape shops in the Greater Los Angeles area in Southern California, located in ethnically diverse communities. A total of six web- and/or phone-based assessments were conducted over a 12-week period (April 1, 2020–June 10, 2020), extending from the mandated closure of nonessential businesses (Stage 1; Assessments 1–3) to the reopening of nonessential sectors (Stage 2; Assessments 4–6), to evaluate business operations (open and closure statuses). The proportion of vape shops found to be noncompliant with the Governor’s executive order (i.e., open) during Stage 1 gradually increased from 54 (61.4%) at Assessment 1 (week of April 1, 2020) to 58 (65.9%) at Assessment 3 (week of April 29, 2020). Moreover, vape shops located in Hispanic/Latino and Korean/Asian communities (vs. those in non-Hispanic White and African American communities) were more likely to stay open both during and after the shutdown at Assessments 1 and 6. More specifically, vape shops located in Hispanic/Latino communities were significantly more likely to offer walk-in service during Assessment 1 (during the shutdown), and vape shops in Hispanic/Latino and Korean/Asian were significantly more likely to offer walk-in service during Assessment 6 (after the re-opening). This study demonstrates high rates of noncompliance with shutdown orders among vape shops located in ethnic communities, thus suggesting higher contextual risk factors of COVID-19 exposure among certain ethnic communities.

scholarly journals Personal-accentuation and contextual-amplification models of pubertal timing: Predicting youth depression

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen D. Rudolph ◽  
Wendy Troop-Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Pubertal Timing ◽  
Pubertal Maturation ◽  
Maternal Caregivers ◽  
Developmental Transitions ◽  
Contextual Risk ◽  
Youth Depression ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Contextual Risks

AbstractThis research examined personal-accentuation and contextual-amplification models of pubertal timing, wherein personal and contextual risks magnify the effects of earlier pubertal maturation on youth depression. A sample of 167 youths (M age = 12.41 years, SD = 1.19) and their maternal caregivers completed semistructured interviews and questionnaires at two waves. Consistent with a personal-accentuation model, earlier pubertal maturation more strongly predicted subsequent depression in youths with prior depression, certain personality traits, and maladaptive stress responses than in youths without these personal risks. Several of these effects were specific to earlier-maturing girls. Consistent with a contextual-amplification model, earlier pubertal maturation more strongly predicted subsequent depression in youths exposed to recent maternal depression and family stress than in youths without these contextual risks. These findings identify key characteristics of youths and their family context that help to explain individual variation in depressive reactions to earlier pubertal maturation. More broadly, this research contributes to integrative models of depression that consider the interplay among personal vulnerability, contextual risk, and developmental transitions.

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